a large surface photomultiplier based on sipm carlos maximiliano mollo, infn naples, italy dr....

A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM

Carlos Maximiliano Mollo, INFN Naples, Italy

Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

Vacuum Photo-Multiplier Tube vs. Silicon Photo-Multiplier

VPMT SiPM

Single photon counting capable

linearity-to-gain ralationship robustness

Low operating voltagesspread in transit time

difficulty in single photon counting

Hamamatsu R7600

Active area 18 x 18 mm2

gain >106

Dark counts few kcps

B-field immunity no

Hamamatsu S10931-025P

Active area 3 x 3 mm2

gain 2.75 x 105

Dark counts few Mcps

B-field immunity yes

Small sensitive surface!

Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

To increase sensitive surface

Light concentrators

Compound Parabolic Concentrators (CPC)

Pyramidal concentrators

Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

Compound Parabolic Concentrators (CPC)

Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

Compound Parabolic Concentrators (CPC)Monte Carlo Simulations

A detailed simulation of a CPC with 25°acceptance angle (CPC25°) has been performed. The simulated CPC25°is an optical B270 glass cone with 9.01 mm entrance diameter, 2.50 mm exit diameter and 19.25 mm length, which is commercially available by Edmund Optics.

Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

Pyramidal ConcentratorMonte Carlo Simulations

The pyramidal light concentrator simulated in this work is an optical glass N-BK7 device with 7.5 x 7.5 mm2 entrance surface, 2.5 x 2.5 mm2 exit surface and 50 mm length, commercially available by Edmund Optics. From simulation, a good (and almost uniform up to 20°) transmission efficiency is obtained for this geometry.

Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

Surface sensitivity measurements

Pyramidal concentratorsPresents an uniform transmissionEfficiency over their entrance Surface!

CPC

Pyramidal Concentrator

Steps by 0.100 mmLaser spot diameter: 0.9 mm

Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

MPPC + Light Concentrator measurements

Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

For single photon counting applicationspyramidal concentrators are better than CPCsUniform efficiency over entrance surface

Better fill factor using matrices of several MPPC + light concentrator

Greater acceptance angles than CPCwithout compromise surface efficiency uniformity

Light Concentrator choice

Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

Sensitive surface of Single MPPC + Light concentrator is still too small ( 6 x 6 mm2) MPPCs + Light concentrators matrix

Digital OR Circuit based on FPGA

Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)

For example a 2x2Matrix

Single MPPC dataavailable

Possible control on a MPPC malfunction

Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)

Digital circuit developed using Xilinx ISE 10.1

Simulated using ModelSim by Mentor Graphics

Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

FPGA simulations

Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

FPGA simulations

Processing time: 5 clock cycles

Clock @ 200 MHz

Processing time: 25 ns

Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

Evaluation Board

Analog inputs

DATA12 bit LVDS

clock

DATA 16 bit TTL

Ctrl. Add.4 bit TTL USB connection

PC

250 MSps12 bit LVDS

pipelined successiveapproximation architecture

ADC

Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

Evaluation Board

Analog inputs

DATA12 bit LVDS

clock

DATA 16 bit TTL

Ctrl. Add.4 bit TTL USB connection

PC

ADC

12 bits: 4096 levels Reference voltage: 2.5 VSingle photo-electron signal: 5 mV

8 quantization levels for each single photo-electron detectedMaximum photo-electrons detectable: 500

Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

Timing Analysis

ADC

Latency L 7.5 Clock Cycles

FPGA

Latency 5 Clock Cycles

Total Latency13 Clock Cycles

65 ns @ 200 MHz

Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

FPGA Place and route

Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

Evaluation Board test

we have seen a drastic dark counts reductionUsing a threshold corresponding to 3 photo-electrons

Power consumption:350 mA @ 5.5V

Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

Our goal To build a 9x9 elements

matrix with a total surface of 22.5 x 22.5 mm2

Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

Modular System

We can make a matrix of matrices with the same paradigm used for MPPCs

Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

Thank you!

Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany

References

[1] A.A. Radu et al., Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 446 (2000) 497-505. [2] F. Lucarelli et al., Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 589 (2008) 415–424. [3] K. Bernlöhr et al., Astroparticle Physics 20 (2003) 111–128. [4] R. Winston, W.T. Welford, High Collection Nonimaging Optics, Academic Press, New York, 1989. [5] www.edmundoptics.com [6] J. Ninkovic et al., Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 617 (2010) 407–410. [7] W.G.Oldham IEEE ‘TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES, VOL. ED-19, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 1972.

[8] G. Barbarino, R. de Asmundis, G. De Rosa, C. M. Mollo, S. Russo and D. Vivolo (2011). Silicon Photo Multipliers Detectors Operating in Geiger Regime: an Unlimited Device for Future Applications, Photodiodes - World Activities in 2011, Jeong-Woo Park (Ed.) ISBN: 978-953-307-530-3, InTech.

[9] KENNET KAD5612P data sheet.

[10] XILINX Spartan 3E data sheet.