9 1 sheng fulai-green economy initiative
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“Green Economy Initiative”
EventLocation
Date
SpeakerTitleUNEP
Outline
Multiple crises
Opportunity amidst crisis
Rethinking economic recovery: A global green new deal
The Green Economy Initiative: A family of initiatives
Making the economic case: The Green Economy Report
Engaging global policy processes
Fostering global consensus on green economy
Supporting regional initiatives on green economy
Country technical assistance and advisory services
A Global Crisis with Multiple Dimensions and Implications
Fuel and food crises - 950 million people worldwide at risk of hunger and malnutrition
Financial crisis - threatening jobs worldwide & poverty reduction gains
Multiple Crises
Climate crisis – exacerbating the others
The Economic Crisis and Employment
200 million jobs lost between 2007 and 2009
The Economic Crisis and Development
Continued Environmental Neglect
Global economic growth in past 50 years accompanied by accelerated environmental decline
1981 – 2005: global GDP more than doubled, but 60% of world’s ecosystems degraded/exploited unsustainably
Opportunity as governments jump start economies
Opportunity Amidst Crisis
Potential for substantial investments in a green economy
Rethinking the Economic Recovery: A global Green New Deal
From : Edward B. Barbier,
“A Global Green New Deal”,
UNEP, Feb 2009
Global Green New Deal Rationale
Fiscal stimulus agreed as the way forward, but how sustainable is the recovery ?
“Green Investment” beats a “Shopping Spree”
“Win-Win-Win” solutions exist : Decent Jobs, Lower Risks, Higher Returns
Globalization is a fact : success lies in globally coordinated action ..
“A crisis is a terrible thing to waste” : Seeding the “Green Economy”
Opportunity as Governments Jump Start Economies: Green stimulus packages
Country Stimulus USbn
Stimulus as % of GDP/GNI
Green Fund Usbn
% of Green stimulus
Green stimulus as % ofGDP
Australia 26.7 2.49 2.5 9% 0.2
China 586.1 13.88 221.3 38% 5.2
Japan 485.9 10.03 12.4 3% 0.3
Korea, Rep 38.1 4.44 30.7 81% 3.6
France 33.7 1.12 7.1 21% 0.2
Germany 104.8 2.74 13.8 13% 0.4
UK 30.4 1.09 2.1 7% 0.1
US ARRA 787 5.27 94.1 12% 0.6
US EESA 185 1.29 18.2 10% 0.1
Canada 31.8 2.03 2.6 8% 0.2
source: HSCB 2009, CIA factbook
Investing in Renewable Energy
Global Green Stimuli Packages Spending in the Energy Sector
Building EE15%
Grid21%
Low Carbon Vehicles4%
Rail26%
Renewable Power9%Non-Energy
25%
Global Green New Deal Components
Inernational Policy Architecture • International Trade
• International Aid
• Global Carbon Market
• Global Markets for Ecosystems Services
• Development and Transfer of Technology
• GGND International Coordination
Domestic Policy Initiatives• Perverse Subsidies
• Incentives & Taxes
• Land Use and Urban Policy
• Integrated Management of Freshwater
• Environmental Legislation
• Monitoring and Accountability
Fiscal Stimulus in 2009-2010
• Energy Efficient Buildings• Sustainable Transport • Sustainable Energy • Agriculture and
Freshwater
• What is the potential for environmental industries to become drivers of future economic growth?
• What financial, policy and institutional barriers currently inhibit a shift towards a green economy?
• What national experiences currently exist?
Green Economy: Key Questions
To achieve significant progress in addressing global environmental priorities by the end of 2010 by:
• making a strong & credible macroeconomic case for massive green investments worldwide
• offering workable solutions to remove financial, policy, institutional, & market constraints on making such investments
The Green Economy Initiative (GEI)
Demonstrating that Greening is a new engine
for growth, sizing sectoral opportunities, addressing hurdles & enabling conditions
Demonstrating the value of ecosystems & biodiversity, capturing
these values, and reversing the vicious
cycle of environmental losses and persistent
poverty
Sizing and incentivizing
growth in green & decent jobs
Green Economy Report
TEEBGreen Jobs
The Green Economy Initiative: A family of initiatives…
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education & training,
metrics for green
employm
ent growth
Decent jobs from Community-based
Conservation, PES/ IPES implementation,
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10.04.23 UNEP ETB17
UNDP
UNEP
ILODemonstrating that Greening is a new engine for growth,
sizing sectoral opportunities, addressing hurdles & enabling conditions
Demonstrating the value of ecosystems & biodiversity,
capturing these values, and reversing the vicious cycle
of environmental losses and persistent poverty
Sizing and incentivizing growth in green & decent jobs
Green Economy Report
TEEB Green Jobs
ITC
G8+5
Multilateral
InstitutionsCountriesRegional
Forums
Business
& Civil Society
GroupsUniversities
… under a Wide Global Network
UNSDUNECEUNCEBUNDESAUNSCD
Green Economy Reports
1. A report on a Global Green New Deal proposing key elements of a global policy response to economic crisis
2. An in-depth review of the state and prospect of key green sectors and specific policy recommendations
Green Jobs
In September 2008, UNEP- ILO launched a report showing:
Investments to reduce climate change and its effects are generating new jobs
Next phase: country studies
Green Jobs
“Where capital flows today, jobs follow tomorrow”
What are the key sectors at risk ? What are the key sectors of opportunity ? And the net change in FTE’s for each ?
How does ‘greening’ impact employment ?
“Green Jobs Report”, September 2008
Green Jobs
The Report found that:
Globally, > 2.3 million workers employed in renewables; by 2030, could be 20 million jobs
Greening buildings in EU & US would create 2 million jobs
In China, 10 million jobs in the recycling sector
Green Jobs
CountryRenewable Energy
Building Retrofits
Transport Sust. AgrEcological Infrast
Australia 160,000
China 1 million
Colombia
170,000
EU 1 to 2 m 900,000
Nigeria700,000-
1 m
S. Korea 3.5 m 334,000 350,000
Thailand 182,000
UK 160.000
USA 2 million 367, 000
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity
(TEEB)
To motivate actions to significantly reduce biodiversity loss by 2010
Results to feed into Green Economy Reports
TEEB – Interim ReportThree Key Messages
Economic Size & Welfare Impact of Losses is huge
Strong link withPoverty & risk ofMDG’s failure
Discount ratesare ethical choices
Rethink todays subsidies to meet tomorrow’s priorities
Reward unrecognized benefits, penalize Uncaptured costs
Share the benefits ofconservation
Measure what we Manage !
TEEB – Interim Report“From Economics to Policies”
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TEEB II Deliverables
1. A global valuation study providing conceptual background for guidance documents;
2. A guidance report for international and national policymakers;
3. A guidance report for regional and local administrators;
4. A guidance report for business and industry;
5. A guidance report for consumers.
Making the Economic Case: The Green Economy Report
The objective of the Green Economy Report is to make and
communicate a strong and convincing economic case for
greening economies and creating decent green jobs by investing in a new generation of assets (social, natural, human, and financial).
10.04.23 UNEP ETB28
A “green economy” is not …
‘ Ecological Footprint’ already exceeds Earth’s regenerative capacity… our demands on the planet have doubled over the last 40 years…
Global GHG Emissions at 42 GtCO2e per annum are 5 times higher than the Earth can absorb …
…One which undermines natural capital..….Or risks human survival ...
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UNEP ETB
Enabling Conditions
- Finance- Subsidies- Markets
-
Green Economy Report…. and its offshoots
GGND : A Policy Brief
Regional / Country Reports
Regional / Country Reports
The UNEP Global Green New Deal
Following Roosevelt’s strategy in the 30s,
advocacy for a green revolution.
Initialized in 2008 by the UNEP, the GGND
was a key document of the 2009 G20 in
London.
« Jump-starting the transition to a green
economy”
International components : Urgent
reforms to international architecture.
The UNEP Global Green New Deal
National Components : Green priorities for
fiscal spending, and reforms to national
architecture
Optimizing “quick wins” and “sustainable
returns to investment” objectives in
stimulus packages
Addressing both Developed World and
Developing World circumstances
Avoiding past mistakes of capital mis-
allocation.
The Green Economy Report, Overview
The GER is an in-depth sectoral analysis of the
economic and social potential impact of green
investments resulting from green stimulus
packages.
Targets: Decision makers, government officials,
business executives, researchers and
representatives of civil society organizations.
GER – Operational Framework
Open architecture, end-user targeted, dialogue-based, inclusive…
Policy Context:Policy Context:Multiple crises
Climate ChangePoverty
Core policy principles underlying a Green Economy
Sustainable Sustainable citiescities
Clean Clean technology technology and material and material
efficiencyefficiency
BuildingsBuildings
TransportTransport Renewable Renewable EnergyEnergy
WasteWaste Ecosystems Ecosystems and and
ecological ecological infrastructurinfrastructur
ee
WaterWater
ForestForest AgricultureAgriculture Enabling Enabling Conditions Conditions (domestic (domestic and int’l)and int’l)
Policy Policy recom-recom-
mendationsmendations
Impact Impact assessmentassessment
Global
Green
New
Deal Report
Technical Advisory & Coordination Team (TACT)
Project Implementation & Communications Team (PICT)
Note : Each Chapter has a “Writing Team” composed of the chapter authors, contributors and
Other experts and stakeholders from government, international institutions, business and civil society
UNEP Green Economy Team
Investing in Green Sectors
Renewable energy
Clean tech : materials & energy
efficiency
Low carbon cities , buildings & transport
Waste management & mitigation
Ecological infrastructure
Biodiversity-based businesses
Sustainable Cities
Cities are polluted, crowded and complex to manage.
Delivering the smart city: The GER will a guidance plan for mayors to improve sustainability and growth in cities.
Green Buildings
Energy efficient buildings: Investments in improved energy efficient buildings = 2-3.5m jobs in Europe & USA.
In Australia a proposed US$ 3b green housing over 4 years is expected to reduce green house gas emissions by 3.8mtons/year = 160,000 jobs
In the US it is estimated that US$ 100b to improve energy efficiency of building & cities over 4 years will generate 2m new jobs.
Sustainable Transport
● Shifting 25% of all air travel in 2050 under 750 km to high speed rail travel would result in savings of around .5 GT of CO2/year (IEA, ‘08)
● Shifting 25% of all road freight over 500 km to rail, .4 Gt of CO2/year could be saved (IEA, ‘08).
Renewable Energy
About 2.3 million jobs in
renewable energy sector
in comparison to 2 m
employed in oil & gas
refining industry in ’99.
Projected investments of
US$ 630b in renewable
energy sector by 2030
would translate into at
least 20 m jobs.
Renewable energy: case study
China: RE sector generates output worth US $ 17 bill & employs 1 mill.
Nigeria: a biofuels industry based on casava & sugar can provide 200,000 jobs
India: 900,00 jobs could be created in the biomass gasification by 2025
Bangladesh: At least 20,000 jobs have been created with the uptake of 3 renewable energy technologies (PV solar home systems biogas facilities, & improved cooking stoves)
Water
●Market for water supply, sanitation,& water efficiency estimated at US$ 253 bn & is expected to grow to US$ 658 bn by 2020.
● Estimated Investment of USD 15 bn per annum.
● This could generate USD 38 billion (with 15 bn in sub-Saharan Africa).
Sustainable Agriculture
Organic agriculture sustains health of soils, ecosystems & people
Provides more than 30% more jobs/ha than non-organic
China has increased its allocation of land for organic prod from 300,000 ha in ‘05 to 3.5 mill ha in ’06
In Ethiopia alone, 6 bn is being invested in land management during a period of 15 years.
Forests
Many communities directly depend for their livelihoods on non timber forest products.
Sustainable forest management can: create massive employment,
provide for livelihoods, make a significant contribution
to the fight against climate change,
combat desertification and land degradation.
Engaging Global Policy Processes
Green economy presence at strategic policy junctures:
Sessions of the Commission on Sustainable Development
UN Conference on the World Financial and Economic and its Impact on Development in New York (June 2009)
G8 Summit 2009 in Italy (July 2009)
ECOSOC Substantive Session in Geneva (July 2009)
World Climate Conference 3 in Geneva (August-September 2009)
Global Renewable Energy Forum in Mexico (October 2009)
UNEP Finance Initiative 2009 Global Roundtable in Cape Town (October 2009)
UNFCCC COP 15 and Kyoto Protocol MOP 5in Copenhagen (December 2009)
International Association for Impact Assessment 2010 meeting in Geneva (April 2010) among other targeted events. Ect…
Fostering a Global Consensus on Green Economy
Engaging governments on an global policy document on Green Economy, modelled on the “IPCC Synthesis Report”
Objective of adoption of the policy document at the UNEP Governing Council/Global Ministerial Environment Forum in 2011
Supporting Regional Initiatives on Green Economy
Regional initiative for “East Asia Low Carbon Green Growth”
Regional initiative on Green Economy in West Asia, in collaboration with UNEP ROWA
Regional Imitative on Green Economy in Africa, in collaboration with UNEP ROWA
Country Technical Assistance and Advisory Services
Korea: UNEP is organizing an independent review of “Korea Green Growth National Vision”.
China: UNEP has received a proposal from the Government to support policy research that would feed into China’s national five-year plan.
Uruguay: The Government has requested UNEP support in undertaking a green economy initiative.
Two “Green Economy” leaders ….
Mexico “Green Fund” combined gov’t/biz vision
and implementation cogeneration will announce goals for
2012. Going for stats and research-backed
policy change… they have own ‘Stern
Review’ (3x cheaper now vs later)…
“Green Agenda” as growth driver…
Korea President’s “Green
Growth National Vision” of August ‘08
Jan’09 “Green New Deal” Significant “Green”
components of Fiscal Stimulus Package..
…..700,000 of 1 mio new jobs
…..$ 28 billion / $ 36 billion total
Cleaning 4 main rivers, Reforestation, Renewables, Buildings…
10.04.23 UNEP ETB48
10.04.23 UNEP ETB49
A new Engine for the Economy ?
UNEP Green Economy Website
http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/
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