8.11a relationships in food webs · trophic level the position an organism occupies on the food web...
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8.11A Relationships in Food Webs
Picture Vocabulary
Food Chain
The path of food energy from the Sun, to the producer, then transferred to a series of consumers
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Food Web
The elaborate interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem
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Trophic Level
The position an organism occupies on the food web
Trophic Level
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Producer
An organism that is capable of performing photosynthesis to use the Sun’s energy directly
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Consumer
An organism that must consume other organisms for nutrients
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Herbivore
An organism that consumes only plants
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Carnivore
An organism that consumes other animals Rice University – All Rights Reserved © 2011
Omnivore
An organism that consumes both animals and plants
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Parasite
An organism that survives on a host organism and causes harm to the host
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Host
An organism that is used by another organism for nutrients, shelter, or transport; it is harmed
by the relationship. Rice University – All Rights Reserved © 2011
Predator
An organism that hunts for its food
Predator
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Prey
An organism that is hunted by other organisms for food
Prey
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Aquatic Ecosystem
An ecosystem that is located in bodies of water Rice University – All Rights Reserved © 2011
Terrestrial Ecosystem
An ecosystem that is found on land
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Marine Ecosystem
An ecosystem found in oceans, seas, and gulfs where the water has a salt content of at least 3.5%
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Freshwater Ecosystem
An ecosystem found in streams, lakes, and rivers where the water has
less than 1% salt content Rice University – All Rights Reserved © 2011
Autotroph
An organism that produces its own food, such as a plant
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Heterotroph
An organism that must use other organisms for food, such as animals
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Energy Pyramid
A diagram that shows the trophic levels of organisms in a food web
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Commensalism
The relationship between organisms where one is bene!tted, and the other
is neither bene!tted nor harmed Rice University – All Rights Reserved © 2011
Mutualism
The relationship between organisms where both bene!t
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Decomposer
Organisms such as bacteria and fungi that break down the remains of dead plants and animals
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