8. audio production review
Post on 28-Jul-2015
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Microphones
Microphone (mike or mic): A device that converts sound waves into electrical modulations for recording.
Sound Converting Systems
There are three major types of sound-converting systems which are used to classify microphones. Dynamic Condenser Ribbon
Dynamic Microphones These are the most rugged. They can be used close to the
sound source and still withstand high sound levels without damage to the microphone or sound distortion.
They can also withstand fairly extreme temperatures so they are an ideal outdoor microphone.
Condenser Microphones Much more sensitive to physical
shock, temperature change, and distortion than dynamic microphones.
Usually produce higher quality sound when used at greater distances from sound source.
Can be used outdoors under certain circumstances.
Ribbon Microphones
Similar in sensitivity and quality to the condenser microphones.
Produce a warmer sound, frequently preferred by singers.
Strictly for indoor use.
Pickup Pattern
A pickup pattern is the directions (in three dimensions) in which a microphone is most sensitive to sounds.
Omnidirectional
Omnidirectional microphones have a pickup pattern in which the microphone can pick up sounds equally well from all directions.
Unidirectional
Unidirectional microphones have a pickup pattern in which the microphone can pick up sounds better from the front than from the sides or back.
Foldable In your own words write a
definition for Dynamic Microphones Condenser Microphones Ribbon Microphones Omnidirectional Unidirectional
Attach to page 29 in your interactive notebook.
ACC Credit for This Class
80% final grade for the year. 80% on all practicums. 80% on final exam. My approval.
Lavaliere The most frequently used on-
camera microphone in TV. Can be fastened to clothing with a
small clip. Omnidirectional or unidirectional
with a dynamic or condenser sound-generating element.
Designed for voice pickup.
Hand Microphones
Microphones that are handheld by the performer.
Some are made specifically for outdoor or indoor use.
Boom Microphones
Is highly directional and has a far reach with little loss of presence.
Is usually suspended from some kind of boom or is handheld with your arms acting as a boom.
Headset Microphone
The headset microphone consists of a small but good-quality omni- or unidirectional mike attached to earphones.
Wireless Microphones
For use in situations in which complete and unrestricted mobility of the sound source is required.
Can be handheld or lavaliere mikes.
Stand Microphones
Stand microphones are used whenever the sound source is fixed and the type of programming permits them to be seen.
Can be dynamic, ribbon, or condenser.
Hanging Microphones
The microphone is hung by its cable.
Does not usually produce the best sound quality.
Long-Distance Microphones
When a microphone, such as a shotgun mike, is placed in a location and pointed at something in the distance.
Boom Microphones
Types of Boom Microphones Handheld shotgun Fishpole Boom The giraffe or tripod boom The big or perambulator boom
Boom Microphones
You Tube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
i-0o6miil9E Videomaker - Boom Mikes
Handheld & Fishpole Boom
The most common ways of using the boom mike in small studio productions or in the field are to hold it by hand or to suspend it from a fishpole boom.
Fishpole Boom
A fishpole boom is an extendible metal pole that lets you mount a shotgun mike. It is used mostly outdoors but can be used in a studio.
Fishpoles are relatively easy to handle but using long fishpoles can be tiring.
Recording Ambient Audio
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A4xX0sYTAjs
Videomaker - Recording Ambient Noise II
Giraffe Boom
Also called the tripod boom. A small boom used by most
studios. An extendable horizontal boom
arm that is mounted on a tripod dolly.
The Big Boom
Also called the Perambulator Boom.
Used in large studio production. Requires two operators.
A boom operator who works the microphone boom
The dolly operator who helps reposition the whole boom assembly.
When to use a Lavaliere
Indoor and outdoor news production.
Interviews Panel Shows Instructional Shows In-studio television dramas Music
Disadvantages Not close to the mouth so it picks up
outside noise. Each person must wear their own. Wired lavaliers restrict mobility. May pick up rubbing noises from
clothing it is attached to. If clothing generates static electricity,
the discharge may be picked up as loud, sharp pops.
Good Quality Audio
Three simple tips for recording better-sounding audio:1. Stay close to the subject.2. Minimize background noise.3. Direct silently.
Stay Close to the Subject
When using a camera’s build in microphone (mike), stay as close as possible to the subject.
The farther away the microphone is, the more interfering background noise will be heard.
Minimize Background Noise
Set up your shoot so that the camera is aimed away from major noise sources.
Do not place talent in front of a busy street because the mike will be pointed directly at the traffic noise behind them.
Instead, position your subjects so that the camera mike points away from the traffic.
Direct Silently
Do not give verbal instructions from the camera position while recording. Camera mikes pick up sounds to the sides as well as in front.
Voiceover
Voiceover: Narration or dialogue recorded independently and then paired with related video.
Equalization
Equalization: The adjustment of the volume levels of various sound frequencies to balance the overall mixture of sounds.
Mixing
Mixing: The blending together of separate audio tracks, either in a computer or through a sound mixing board.
Straight Cut
Straight cut: An edit in which audio and video change simultaneously. Also, an edit that does not include an effect such as a fade or dissolve.
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