73641285 introduction-to-technical-textile-medical-textile
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INTRODUCTION TO TECHNICAL TEXTILES(GEO-TEXTILE, MEDICAL TEXTILE. ,ETC)
ByGurumurthy.B.Rbrgmurthyfad@yahoo.com/gurumurthy.15701@lpu.co.in
2
Definition
Other terms used Industrial Textiles
Functional Textiles
Performance Textiles
Engineering Textiles
Invisible Textiles
High-tech Textiles
Technical Textiles are textile materials manufactured mainly for their technical performance and functional properties.
Technical Textiles
3
Some examples of day-to-day use of Technical Textiles
Kitchen –Floor Mops, Tea Bags, Coffee Filters.
Clothes – Collar / Cuff Interlinings, Shoulder Pads, Waddings in Jackets.
Shoe – Lining, Insoles, Toe Stiffners, Synthetic Uppers.
Car – Carpets, Roof-liners, Seat belts, Tyres, Airbags.
Civil Engineering – Geotextiles in Roads, Railway Tracks, Soil Erosion, Slope Stabilisation, Flyovers, Pond/Canal lining, Landfills.
Furnishing – Carpets, Vertical Blinds, Wall Coverings.
Factory – Dust Collection Filter Bags, Liquid Filtration, Clean Air Filters of AC systems, Battery separators.
Hospital – Masks, Gowns, Caps, Bandage.
Hygiene – Baby Diaper, Sanitary Napkin, Wet Tissues, Incontinence Diaper.
Bed – Blanket, Quilts, Mattresses, Bed sheets, Pillows.
Technical Textiles
TYPES OF TECHNICAL TEXTILES
According to the end use, technical textiles can be divided into
different categories.AGROTECH: These are the Agro-textiles, also known as
Agrotex, that are used in agricultural applications releated to
growing and harvesting of crops and animals.BUILDTECH: These are the Construction Textiles, also known
as Buildtex, used in construction and
architectural applications. Such fabrics as PVC coated high
tenacity PES, teflon coated glass fiber fabrics are used
in airports and hotels.CLOTHTECH: These are the clothing textiles, also known as
clothtex.GEOTECH: These are the Geotextiles, also known as Geotex,
which are woven, nonwoven and knit fabric used for many
functions such as support, drainage and separation at or
below ground level:
TYPES OF TECHNICAL TEXTILES
HOMETECH: These are the Domestic Textiles, also known as Hometex, used in making of many home furnishing fabrics including carpet backings, curtains, wall coverings, etc.
INDUTECH: These are the Industrial Textiles, also known as Indutex, used in different ways by many industries for activities such as separating, and purifying industrial products, cleaning gases.
MEDTECH: These are the Medical Textiles, also known as Medtex. They include all the medical fabrics that are used in health and hygiene applications in both consumer and medical markets.
MOBILTECH: These textiles, also known as Mobiltex, are used in transport industry, such as in construction of automobiles, railways ships etc.
ECO TECH(OEKOTECH): These are the Eco-friendly Textiles, also known as oekotex or Ecotex. They are mostly used in environmental protection applications, floor sealing, erosion protection, air cleaning, prevention of water pollution, water cleaning, waste treatment/ recycling, depositing area construction.
TYPES OF TECHNICAL TEXTILES
PACKTECH: These are the packaging Textiles, also known as Packtex. Textiles have been used for packaging since ages.
PROTECH: These are the Protective Textiles, also known as Protex, that are used in the manufacturing of protective clothing of different types. Protection against heat and radiation for fire fighter clothing, against molten metals for welders, for bullet proof jackets or for chemical protective clothing all depend on the use of protech. The protective textiles are made with the help of specialty fibers such as aramid fiber used in making of bullet proof jackets, glass fibers used in fire proof jackets etc.
SPORTTECH: These are the sports Textiles, also known as sporttex, used
mainly for making sports wear including sports shoes and
other sports accessories.
Technical Textile Products Inspected By QA Wing of DGS&D
MEDITEX :- Surgical Gloves , Bandage cloth , Wool Cotton
Obsorvant & Coir Mattresses. BUILDTEX: - Cotton canvas tarpaulins , HDPE tarpaulins, Mats
Door
& Matting Coir. HOMETEX:- Mosquito Net. CLOTHTEX:- Shoes Canvas, Jungle Boots, P.C.Suiting ,shirting,
Terry Towel, Blankets etc. PACKTEX:- HDP Bags, B-twill Bags. SPORTEX:- Tents, Sleeping Bags. INDUTEX:- Ropes. PROTEX:- High visibility Cloths, Mosquito Net fire retardant. MOBILTEX:- Helmets, Webbing, Tyre & Tubes.
8
Fibre Consumption of textiles
Textle consumption
78%
Technical textiles22%
World Scenario Technical Textiles
Total consumption – 60 bn. kgs. (2000)
43
17
9
Technical textile consumption by Region
USA 23%
Western Europe22%
China13%
Japan7%
India3%
Rest of World32%
World Scenario Technical Textiles
Total consumption – 17 bn. kgs. (2000)
10
Fiber consumption in Technical Textiles
World Scenario Technical Textiles
Viscose3%
O ther Cellulosic
3%
Polyolifin25%
Poly
amid
e 7% Polyester
25%
Jute, coir etc
14%
Cotton7%Glass
15%
O thers*1%
* - Others include specialised fibres & yarns / high performance fibres /yarn.
11
Fabric67%
Unspun fibres24%
Yarn Type Products
9%
Product wise consumption
World Scenario Technical Textiles
12
Global end use of fabricOther Fabrics
2%
Woven fabrics73%
Non woven Fabrics
20%
Knitted Fabrics5%
World Scenario Technical Textiles
Total fabric consumption – 11 bn. kgs. (2000)
13
End use consumption of nonwoven fabrics
protech1%
sporttech1%
packtech1%
bulidtech15%clothtech
14%
indutech12%
medtech33%
geotech3%
agrotech2%
mobiltech6%
hometech12%
Others 14%
World Scenario Technical Textiles
Total consumption – 2.2 bn. kgs. (2000)
Packtech35%
Clothtech17%
Hometech12%
Indutech8%
Mobiltech7%
Sportech7%
Buildtech5%
Meditech4%
Protech3%
Agrotech1%
Geotech1%
Oekotech0%
Segmentation of Indian Technical Textiles market
WHAT IS AGROTEXTILE• Special textiles that are manufactured for agricultural applications• These textile structures are used as controlling environment for
plants/animals in applications like– Agriculture– Horticulture – Animal husbandry
• Benefits Of Agrotextile Products
Used in Protected Cultivation For Indian Agriculturists for improved Productivity & Quality Of Produce and lower Cost Of Production
SASMIRA
MOT,GOI Workshop, 18.9.08
• Sunlight – direct and indirect• Water• Climatic Conditions including wind, hail,
humidity• External factors like birds, insects, weeds• Post Harvest handling of produce – storage
and packaging
• In India, presently Agricultural Activities are carried out under Natural Conditions of Temperature and Humidity
SASMIRA
FACTORS INFLUENCING AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
MOT,GOI Workshop, 18.9.08
• Yield percentage is unsatisfactory
• Quality of produce is marred
• Damages to the produce
• Regional limitation on cultivation
• Seasonal limitation on cultivation
THE ABOVE FACTORS CAN BE EFFECTIVELY CONTROLLED USING
AGROTEXTILE PRODUCTS
CONSEQUENCES OF ABSENCE OF CONTROL FACTORS
SASMIRA
MOT,GOI Workshop, 18.9.08
AGRO TEXTILE PRODUCTS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN AGRICULTURE
PRODUCT APPLICATION IN AGRICULTURE ANIMAL HUSBAN-
DARY
FISHING
CROP PRODUCE
FLORICUL - TURE
HORTICUL- TURE
POST HARVESTING
KNITTED NETS
SHADING
BIRD PROTECTION
WIND SHIELDS
ANTI-HAIL
HARVESTING
FISHING
MILCHING
PACKAGING
SUPPORT NETS
SASMIRA
MOT,GOI Workshop, 18.9.08
AGRO TEXTILE PRODUCTS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN AGRICULTUREContd…
PRODUCT APPLICATION IN AGRICULTURE ANIMAL HUSBAN-
DARY
FISHING
CROP PRODUCE
FLORICUL - TURE
HORTICUL- TURE
POST HARVESTING
NONWOVEN FABRICS MULCHMAT CATTLE SHED
UNDERLAY
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
WOVEN FABRICS PACKING SACKS
SUNCREENS
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
PLASTIC SHEETS
GROUND COVERS
GREENHOUSE FILMS
SASMIRA
MOT,GOI Workshop, 18.9.08
Agrotextile Product Details Bird Protection Net
Polypropylene monofilament / Polyethylene Tape yarns, Warp knitted, 2 – 3 cm mesh size, 40 – 80 g/sq.m. Woven structures of lighter weight are also used
Shading net Polypropylene monofilament / Polyethylene Tape yarns,
Warp knitted, mesh size as per the required shading %, 40 – 80 g/sq.m. Woven structures of lighter weight are also used
Windshield fabrics Polypropylene monofilament / Polyethylene Tape yarns,
Warp knitted, mesh size as per the required wind blocking %, 40 – 90 g/sq.m. Woven structures of lighter weight are also used
SASMIRA
MOT,GOI Workshop, 18.9.08
Agrotextile Product Details, contd..
Plant nets Polypropylene monofilament /
Polyethylene Tape yarns, Warp knitted, Strips of nets with large opening, 30 -40 g/sq.m
Harvesting nets Polypropylene monofilament /
Polyethylene Tape yarns, Warp knitted, Flat nets of square or triangular construction, of mesh size 8 – 12 mm, 40 – 90 g/sq.m. Woven structures of lighter weight are also used
SASMIRA
MOT,GOI Workshop, 18.9.08
Agrotextile Product Details, contd.. Mulch Mat
Polypropylene, spunbonded, 60 – 80 g/sq.m. Woven biodegradable structures are also used
Packing Material Polyethylene Tape yarn, Warp
knitted, 50 – 60 g/sq.m
SASMIRA
MOT,GOI Workshop, 18.9.08
OEKOTECH
&
VARIOUS PRODUCTS
To
PROTECT ENVIRONMENT
SASMIRA
MOT,GOI Workshop, 18.9.08
Oekotech is an important areas of technical textiles. Used for environmental protection and waste disposal. Its use is based on environmental damages for:
• Building demolition• Power plant ash• Sewage treatment sludge• Incinerated waste ash• Municipal waste• Untreated hospital waste• Hazardous waste• Radioactive waste
OEKOTECH
SASMIRA
MOT,GOI Workshop, 18.9.08
• Geogrids - reinforce slopes beneath the waste, walls, cover soils above geomembranes;
• Geonets - in-plane drainage;• Geomembranes – a barrier to liquids, gases and/or vapors and
landfill caps; • Geocomposites –for separation, filtration or drainage;• Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) - an infiltration/hydraulic
barrier; used also for mine rehabilitation, tunnels, secondary containment
• Geopipes - landfill applications to facilitate collection and rapid drainage of the leachate to a sump and removal system;
• Geotextiles - filtration purpose or as cushion to protect the geomembrane from puncture.
OEKOTECH PRODUCTS & USESSASMIRA
MOT,GOI Workshop, 18.9.08
From ancient times the textile materials were used for medical applications in India viz. surgical sponge, linen, silk sutures, strips, catgut, etc.
Latest technological developments has enabled extensive use of technical textiles in healthcare industry today.
Introduction
Sutures (biodegradable and non biodegradable)
soft tissue implants Artificial tendon (meshes) Artificial ligament Artificial cartilage, Orthopedic implants artificial joint Cardiovascular implants vascular grafts Heart valves
Usage category
In theMedical Textiles – bio-contact for days to months
Simple bandages Light support bandages Compression bandages Orthopedic bandages Surgical GauzeCottonSlingsDiapersEye PadsDrapersSanitary productsPatient Hospital UniformAdhesive tapes
On the Patient – bio-contact for minutes to hours
In the Patient (Intra-corporal applications)
On the Patient
Near the Patient
For the Patient
Categorisation of Technical textiles in Medical Field
Sutures (biodegradable and non biodegradable)
soft tissue implants Artificial tendon (meshes) Artificial ligament Artificial cartilage, Orthopedic implants artificial joint Cardiovascular implants vascular grafts Heart valves
Usage category
In the Patient – bio-contact for days to months
Simple bandages Light support bandages Compression bandages Orthopedic bandages Surgical GauzeCottonSlingsDiapersEye PadsDrapersSanitary productsPatient Hospital UniformAdhesive tapes
On the Patient – bio-contact for minutes to hours
Near the Patient – No bio-contact, ordinary contact possible
Bed sheetPillow coverOther linen items viz. Blanket, Hand Towels etc.Heating Pad
Face MaskGownsCapsApronsMopsShoe Cover
For the Patient – No contact
Healthcare/ hygiene products
Include bedding, clothing, surgical clothes, products for feminine hygiene like sanitary napkins, baby and adult diapers etc.
Non-implantable materials
For wound care that includes absorbent pad (wound contact layer, base material viscose, plastic film) and bandages (simple inelastic/elastic, orthopaedic, plasters, gauzes, lint, padding)
Areas of usage
A range of natural fibers and biodegradable polymers with non-biodegradable synthetic polymers are being utilised for developing new products in medical textiles.
Since the medical textile applications are directly related to the life of human being, these are required to undergo stringent testing and hygienic criteria.
This led to innovative use of variety of fibers and lot of developments taking place in this field.
•Cotton •Polyester •Polypropylene •Viscose glass fiber •Wood fluff •Polyamide
Fibers used in manufacturing of nonwovens for medical applications
Quality Standards as per FDA
Item Threads per
Dimensions
Weight in g/m2
Length and Width
Other
Bandage Cloth
Wrap 150, Weft 85
57 tolerance of 5%
99 % of size mentioned on the label
Foreign MatterNot more than 2%
Absorbent Gauze
Wrap 75, Weft 55
30 tolerance of 5%
98 % of size mentioned on the label
Foreign MatterNot more than 1%Avg. sinking time not more than 10 secs.
Roll Bandage for POP
Wrap 150, Weft 75
35 tolerance of 5%
98 % of size mentioned on the label
Standards prescribed by FDA for some of the items is tabulated below
Textiles are very important in all aspects of medicine and surgery.
Advances in nonwovens have resulted in a new breed of medical textiles.
Advanced composite materials containing combination of fibres and fabrics have been developed for applications where biocompatibility and strength are required.
It is predicted that the nonwoven materials will continue to have greater impact in this sector because of large member of characteristics and performance criteria required from these materials.
Conclusion
MARINE TEXTILES
MOBILTECH
AUTOMOBILES
RAILS
AEROSPACE
MARINE
THEME
FIBRES USED
FABRICS &
COMPOSITES
REQUIREMENT
SAPPLICATIONS
& PRODU
CTS
TESTS REQUIR
ED
CONCLUSION
FIBRES USEDCOTTON GLASS
WOOLPOLYESTER
CARBON ACRYLIC
NYLONARAMID
FLAT WOVENFLAT WOVEN VELVET
KNITTEDCIRCULARWARP KNIT TRICOTDOUBLE NEEDLE BAR KNIT
COATED & LAMINTEDFOAM FABRICTRIM FABRIC
COMPOSITESUSING FIBRES LIKE CARBON,GLASS,ARAMID,BORON,CERAMIC WITH RESIN FRP CAN MADE
FABRICS USED
CHARACTERISTICS OF FIBRES
Resistance to sunlight and UV degradation
Abrasion resistance
Reduced flammability
Soil resistance and easy cleanability
Resistant to microbes and other bacteria
Hard, strong with high tear as well tensile strength
Softer handle and touch
Very high bursting strength(sails)
APPLICATIONSSails
• Life rafts buoyancy tubes, canopies, minesweepers, sonar domes, corrosive-cargo carriers, Life jackets, personal flotation devices.
Inflatable craft
Hovercraft skirts
Furnishing fabrics
Oil booms
Nets and Ropes
Functional applications
SAILSDefinitionA Textile material extended on rigging
to catch wind and propel a boat.
Requirements: light weight, dimensional stability Puncture resistance, high tear
strength high seam strength Low porosity to wind, low water
absorbency Good resistance to microbes
UV degradation and smoothness
Cont…
Natural fibres are replaced by
polyester and nylon materials.
Polyester film laminated on nylon
and polyester fabrics.
Recent trends are using carbon,
ultra high modulus polyethylene
yarns Spectra and Dyneema
Aramid fibres are avoided due to
poor UV-stability.
INFLATABLE CRAFT
Nylon woven fabric
(145gsm)
For lighter craft woven from
470dtex.
Heavier yarns, like 940
d/tex used for larger boats.
Aramid fibres at 85gsm can
also be used.
For economical craft
polyurethanes & PVC
materials are used.
Life boats and rescue
craft
Freight carrying vessels
Pleasure Craft
Several military
applications
FURNISHING FABRICS
Cruise ships can be regarded as
FLOATING HOTELS. So quality of textiles
must be standard
High flame retardancy standards due to
narrow corridors and low ceilings
Dyes must be fast to fast to light, rubbing
and salt water
wool carpets are generally Zirpro treated
titanium /zirconium salt)
Durable Anti-static properties are needed
conductive fibres are more durable than
finishes
Nylon fabric is coated with
polychloroprene / natural
rubber blend or natural
rubber/polybutadiene.
The nylon cords like 940dtex/2
and 940 dtex/3/3.
This is highly twisted to impart
fatigue resistance.
Though aramid fibres are
stronger but due to poor fatigue
resistance not used in this
application.
HOVERCRAFT SKIRTS
Hovercraft can be
deployed on terrain
such as marshes
where boats cannot
go.
These articles are designed to contain accidental oil
spillages in rivers and ocean.
woven nylon or polyester as a base
fabric(175gsm)coated with Hypalon, polychoroprene,
PVC or PVC/ nitrile rubber, urethane .
The material should be oil resistant.
OIL BOOMS
Where ropes need to stretch and to
absorb high-impact energies.
Nylon ropes, followed by polyester ropes
are popular olden days.
Second generation of synthetic fibers-
aramid, high-modulus polyethylene,
Vectran & PBOone-tenth its weight when
compare to steel.
The low weight and high strength of HPPE
fibres to produce heavy-duty ropes. Its
normally Float on water, are flexible and
have a low elongation.
ROPES AND NETS
FUNCTIONAL APPLICATIONS life rafts, buoyancy tubes, canopies and
life jackets, and personal flotation
devices, minesweepers, sonar domes
and in corrosive-cargo carriers.
Life jackets made by woven polyamide
coated with butyl or polychloroprene
rubber to get gsm of 230–290.
Quality tests include air porosity,
coating adhesion, breaking and tear
strength both in the warp & weft
direction, flexing & waterproofness.
CUSTOM BOAT INTERIOR
Nomex@ core, sandwiched between layers of woven aramid fiber
OTHER PRODUCTS
POPULAR BRANDS
TEST METHODSProperty British standards Other related
standards
Abrasion resistance
BS 3424-24:1990 (1996)Methods 27A and 27BBS 5690 (Martindale)
ASTM D 3389-94(rotary)
Tear strength BS 3424:1982 (1996)Methods 7A, 7B, 7C
ASTM D 1424(Elmendorf)
Water resistance – raintests
BSEN 29865(Bundesmann)BS 5066:1974 1993(WIRA)
AATCC 35-1AATCC 42 (impact)994
Tensile strength breaking and elongation
BS 1932 for yarns and threadsBS 3424 Pt 5 for coated fabrics
ASTM D 751 for coated fabrics/ ASTM D 1578-93 yarns bySkein method
Dimensional stability
BS 4736:1996 cold water SAE J883 Jan 94 cold waterSAE J315A
Fogging BS AU 168:1978 SAE J1756:1994
TESTS FOR PRODUCTSPRODUCTS Standard Comments
Buoyancy aids, rescue devices
BSEN 12628:1999 UL 1123
Life jackets and personal buoyancy aids
BSEN 393:1994 to 396:1994
BSEN
Recreational inflatable's
- UL 1180
Upholstery BS 5790 (PVC) ASTM D 4852 (attached)ASTM D 3690 (PU/PVC)
Tarpaulins BS 3408:1992 (1995) (ASTM D 751-98)
Marine IMO Regulations e.g. IMO Resolution A471 (XII) for fire resistance
-
MARKET STATUS
Rubber coated fabrics including those coated with
natural rubber neoprene,silicone, rubber or butyl
rubber will post the fastest gains in 2012.
Through 2010 polyester will remain the most
commonly used coated fabric because of its low cost
and versatility.
FUTURE
RECYCLE
BIO-DEGRADABL
EOTHER
DEVELOPMENTS
CONCLUSION
Geo-Textiles
Geo Drains Geo Separations
MSEReinforcement
Geotextile Applications in Roads
ASTM D4439 defined a geotextile as followsGeotextile : A permeable geosynthetic
comprised solely of textiles. Geotextiles are used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical engineering-related material as an integral part of a human-made product structure, or system.
Due to the very wide range of applications and the tremendous variety of available textiles having widely different properties, the selection of a particular design method or design philosophy is a critical decision that must be made before the actual mechanics of the design process are initiated.
Geotextile Functions and Mechanisms
An overview of geotextiles, alluded to many applications falling into categories:
Separation
Reinforcement
Filtration
Drainage
Containment
When properly identified, lead to the design-by-function method.
Geotextile choices as available
1. Lightweight Wovens2. Heavyweight
Wovens3. High Flow Wovens4. High Strength
Wovens5. Thermally Bonded
Non-wovens6. Needle punched Nonwovens
Separation
Geotextile Functions and Mechanisms
Bituminious Courses
Aggregate Bases
Geotextile Layer
Subgrade
Desig
ned
Th
ickn
es
s
Filtration and Drainage
Geotextile Functions and Mechanisms
Bituminious Courses
Aggregate Bases
Geotextile Layer
Aggregate Drainage Layer
Subgrade
Reinforcement
Geotextile Functions and Mechanisms
This is the synergistic improvement in the total system strength created by the introduction of a geotextile into a soil and developed primarily through the following three mechanisms:
One, lateral restraint through interfacial friction between geotextile and soil/aggregate.
Two, forcing the potential bearing surface failure plane to develop at alternate higher shear strength surface.
And three, membrane type of support of the wheel loads.
Sealing Function
Geotextile Functions and Mechanisms
New Overlay
Reflective Crack without Paving
Fabric
Old Pavement
Base CoursePavem
en
t C
rack
wit
h P
avin
g
Fab
ric
Major Applications of GeotextilesSeparation of Dissimilar Materials
Between subgrade and stone base in paved roads and airfields
Between landfills and stone base coursesBetween geomembranes and soil drainage
layersBetween foundation and embankment soils
for surcharge loadsBetween foundation and embankment soils
for roadway fillsBetween foundation and encapsulated soil
layersBetween foundation soils and rigid
retaining wallsBetween slopes and downstream stability
bermsBeneath precast blocks and panels for
aesthetic paving e.g. hardscaping
Major Applications of Geotextiles
Separation of Dissimilar materials
Between drainage layers in poorly graded filter blankets
Between old and new asphalt layers
Reinforcement of Weak Soils and Other Materials
To reinforce embankmentsTo aid in construction of steep slopesAs basal reinforcement over soft soilsTo bridge over cracked or jointed rockTo create more stable side slopes due to
high frictional resistance
Major Applications of GeotextilesFiltration (Cross-Plane Flow)
Beneath stone base for paved roads and airfields
Around crushed stone surrounding under drains
Around perforated under drain pipe As a flexible form for restoring scoured
bridge pier bearing capacityBetween backfill soil and weep holes in
retaining walls Between backfill soil and gabions As a filter beneath precast blocks
Major Applications of Geotextiles
Drainage (In-Plane Flow)
As a drain behind a retaining wall As a drain at the base of retaining wall As a replacement for sand or wick drains
These are geocomposites formed of a hollow cored, geotextile wrapped drainage element (geonet) inserted vertically into soft ground to speed up the consolidation process.
Prefabricated Vertical Drain
Installation of PVD
Band Drains / Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD)
Band Drains / Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD)Kandla Port – Ground improvement
Band drains has been adopted to increase the bearing capacity of the site. The following parameters have been adopted:
Scheme SBC before
treatment(T/m2)
Spacing of Band Drain
with Triangular Grid (m)
Preload Height
(m)
Duration(Days)
SBC after treatment
(T/m2)
Scheme-1 2.00 1.25 4.00 80 10.21
Scheme-2 2.00 1.50 4.00 120 10.11
Band Drains / Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD) at Kolkata
Emerging Issues
R&D Needs of the Indian Geotechnical Industry
The Need to Encourage the Domestic Synthetic Manufacturing Industry
Need for Establishing a Geosynthetic Institute in India
Standardization in the Field of Geosynthetics
Geosynthetics Test Standards and Specifications
Nano technology
Nanotechnology
is already making today’s products: Lighter Stronger Faster Smaller More Durable
How small is Nano - small?
Units in nanometers (µm)
Compared to Human Hair
A Human Hair is about 100,000µm wide
Nanotechnology spans many Areas
NANOTECHNOLOGY
InformationTechnology
Mechanical Eng. &
Robotics
Biotechnology
Transportation
NationalSecurity &Defense
Food andAgriculture
Energy &Environment
Aerospace
AdvanceMaterials & Textiles
Medicine /
Health
NANOTECHNOLOGY
InformationTechnology
Mechanical Eng. &
Robotics
Biotechnology
Food andAgricultureAerospac
e
AdvanceMaterials & Textiles
Medicine /
Health
Energy &Environment
NANOTECHNOLOGY
InformationTechnology
Mechanical Eng. &
Robotics
Biotechnology
Food andAgricultureAerospac
e
AdvanceMaterials & Textiles
Medicine /
Health
NANOTECHNOLOGY NationalSecurity &Defense
Food andAgriculture
Energy &Environment
Aerospace
AdvanceMaterials & Textiles
Medicine /
Health
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Food andAgricultureAerospac
e
AdvanceMaterials & Textiles
Medicine /
Health
Energy &Environment
NANOTECHNOLOGY
InformationTechnology
Food andAgricultureAerospac
eMedicin
e /Health
Mechanical Eng. &
Robotics
NANOTECHNOLOGY NationalSecurity &Defense
Food andAgriculture
Energy &Environment
Aerospace
Medicine /
Health
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Food andAgricultureAerospac
eMedicin
e /Health
Energy &Environment
NANOTECHNOLOGY
InformationTechnology
Food andAgricultureAerospac
eMedicin
e /Health
Biotechnology
Mechanical Eng. &
Robotics
NANOTECHNOLOGY NationalSecurity &Defense
Food andAgriculture
Energy &Environment
Aerospace
Medicine /
Health
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Food andAgricultureAerospac
eMedicin
e /Health
Energy &Environment
NANOTECHNOLOGY
InformationTechnology
Food andAgricultureAerospac
eMedicin
e /Health
Transportation
Biotechnology
Mechanical Eng. &
Robotics
NANOTECHNOLOGY NationalSecurity &Defense
Food andAgriculture
Energy &Environment
Aerospace
Medicine /
Health
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Food andAgricultureAerospac
eMedicin
e /Health
InformationTechnology
Food andAgricultureAerospac
eMedicin
e /Health
InformationTechnology
Mechanical Eng. &
Robotics
InformationTechnology
Biotechnology
Mechanical Eng. &
Robotics
InformationTechnology
Transportation
Biotechnology
Mechanical Eng. &
Robotics
InformationTechnology
NationalSecurity &Defense
Transportation
Biotechnology
Mechanical Engineering
/Robotics
InformationTechnology
Key Terms
Nonotechnology Nanometer Nanotube Atom Atomic Level System Atomic Structure Fluence (Laser) Defects
Dislocation Molecule Molecular Dynamics Computational Materials Science Newton’s Laws of Motion
Material Sciences
Atomic – level Simulations: Molecular Dynamics
Computational Research Dislocation Dynamics
Emphasis of Research
Atomic – level Simulations: Molecular Dynamics
Computational Research Dislocation Dynamics
Getting a Base Line on MaterialMolecular Behavior
Molecule
RelationshipTo other
Molecules
Section of Material
Determine Starting Point(Initial Conditions)Using Newton’s Second Law of
Classic Motion
i im a F
How Molecule Move…
Applications of Nanotechnology
Current Applications
burn and wound dressings, water filtration devices, paints, cosmetics, coatings, lubricants, textiles, memory/storage devices
medical diagnostics, displays, sensors, drug delivery, composite materials, solid state lighting, bio-materials, nano arrays, more powerful computers, protective armor, chem-bio suits, and chem-bio sensors
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