7.1 dfs overview what is the distributed file system? how dfs namespaces and dfs replication work...
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Chapter 7Configuring & Managing Distributed
File System
7.1 DFS OverviewWhat is the Distributed File System?How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication
WorkDFS ScenariosTypes of DFS NamespacesWhat are Folders and Folder Targets?Namespace Server Requirements
What is the Distributed File System?
DFS technologies include:
• DFS Namespaces - provide a virtual view of shared folders located on different servers
• DFS Replication - provides high-availability and fault-tolerance to files and folders
• Remote Differential Compression - provides a compression technology that is optimized for data transfers over limited-bandwidth networks
The Distributed File System incorporates technologies that provide fault-tolerant access to geographically dispersed filesThe Distributed File System incorporates technologies that provide fault-tolerant access to geographically dispersed files
How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work
User types: \\contoso.com\marketing Client computers contact a namespace server and receive a referralUser types: \\contoso.com\marketing Client computers contact a namespace server and receive a referral11
Client computers cache the referral and then contact the first server in the referralClient computers cache the referral and then contact the first server in the referral22
Server in LondonServer in London
User in New YorkUser in New York
DFS Replication
11
11
22
22NamespaceNamespace
\\Contoso.com\Marketing
\\LON-SRV-01\ProjectDocs
\\NYC-SRV-01\ProjectDocs
User in LondonUser in London
Server in New YorkServer in New York
FolderTargets
DFS Scenarios
Data distribution
ExampleScenario
Data collection
Sharing files across branch offices
Data distribution
ExampleScenario
Data collection
Sharing files across branch offices
Hub siteHub site Branch officeBranch office
Hub siteHub site Site 1Site 1
Hub siteHub site Branch officeBranch office
Site 2Site 2
Types of DFS NamespacesCharacteristics
Domain-based Stand-alone
Path \\Domainname\Namespace \\Servername\Namespace
Location Active Directory & memory cache
Server registry & memory cache
Size • up to 5000 folders with targets in Windows 2000 Server mode• up to 50000 folders with targets in Windows Server 2008 mode
Up to 50000 folders with targets
Availability Namespaces hosted on multiple servers
Server cluster
DFS Replication
Supported Supported
What are Folders and Folder Targets?Folders:
• Are the primary elements of a namespace
• Have at least one folder target
Folder targets include:
• Shared folders (\\server\share)
• Folders in a shared folder (\\server\share\folder)
• A path to another namespace (\\domainname\rootname)
NamespaceNamespaceNamespace
Server
Folder TargetsFolder Targets
NamespaceRoot
Folder
Folders withTargets
\\LDN-SRV-01\ToolsLondon
\\NYC-SRV-01\ToolsNew York
\\NYC-SRV-02\TrainingNew York
\\Contoso\Public
Software
Tools
Training Guides
Namespace Server RequirementsA namespace server is:A domain controller or member serverWindows Server 2003 or Windows Server 2008
Namespace server considerations:Must contain an NTFS volume to host the
namespaceMust be in the same domain if the namespace is
domain-basedCannot be a clustered resources if the namespace
is domain-based
7.2 Configuring DFS NamespacesDeploying Namespaces for Publishing
ContentSecurity Requirements for Creating and
Managing a NamespaceIncreasing Availability of a NamespaceOptions for Optimizing a Namespace
Deploying Namespaces for Publishing ContentTo configure a namespace for publishing content:1. Create a namespace2. Create a folder in the namespace3. Add folder targets4. Set the ordering method for targets in referrals
Optional tasks:5. Set target priority to override referral ordering6. Enable client failback7. Replicate folder targets using DFS-R
You may also need to delegate the ability to create & manage namespace
Security Requirements for Creating and Managing a NamespaceTask Group
Create a domain-based namespace
Domain Admins
Add a namespace server to a domain-based namespace
Domain Admins
Manage a domain-based namespace
Local Administrators on each namespace server
Create a stand-alone namespace Local Administrators group on the namespace server
Manage a stand-alone namespace
Local Administrators group on the namespace server
Implement DFS replication Domain Admins
Increasing Availability of a Namespace
Domain-based namespace:Specify additional namespace servers
Stand-alone namespace:Create a stand-alone namespace as a cluster
resource
Folders:Specify additional folder targetsReplicate folders using DFS Replication
Options for Optimizing a NamespaceMethods for optimizing a namespace include:Rename or move a folderDisable referrals to a folderReferral cache durationNamespace polling
7.3 Configuring DFS ReplicationWhat is DFS Replication?What are Replication Groups and Replicated
Folders?DFS Replication RequirementsScalability Considerations for DFS
ReplicationProcess for Deploying a Multipurpose
Replication GroupUnderstanding the Initial Replication ProcessGenerating Diagnostic Reports and
Propagation Tests
What is DFS Replication (DFS-R)?DFS-R – multimaster replication engine that supports replication
scheduling & bandwidth throttling
Uses remote differential compression to efficiently update files over a limited-bandwidth network
Detects changes on the volume by monitoring the update sequence number (USN) journal
Uses a staging folder to stage a file before sending & receiving itUses a version vector exchange protocol to determine what files
need to be synchronizedUses a conflict resolution heuristic of “last writer wins” for files
that are in conflict & “earliest creator wins” for name conflictsIs self-healing & can automatically recover from failure
What are Replication Groups and Replicated Folders?
Member
Projects
Proposals
Projects
Proposals
ReplicatedFolders
Projects\Spec.doc
Proposals\Budget.xls
Connection
Replication GroupReplication Group
• Replication Group• A set of servers, known as members, that participate in replicating
one or more replicated folders• Can be configured for multipurpose or data collection purposes
• Replicated Folder• A folder that is kept synchronized on each member
DFS Replication RequirementsThe Active Directory schema must include the DFS
replication objectsServers must be Windows Server 2003 R2 or
Windows Server 2008, & must have the DFS replication service installed
Servers in a replication group must be in the same forest
Replicated folders must be stored on NTFS volumesOn server clusters, replicated folders must be
located in the node’s local storageAntivirus software must be compatible with DFS
Replication
Scalability Considerations for DFS ReplicationEach server can be a member of up to 256 replication
groupsEach replication group can contain up to 256 replicated
foldersEach server can have up to 256 connectionsThe number of replication groups multiplied by the
number of replicated folders multiplied by the number of simultaneously active connections must be kept to 1024 or fewer
A replication group can contain up to 256 membersA volume can contain up to 8 million replicated files, & a
server can contain up to 2 TB of replicates filesThe max tested file size is 64 GB
Process for Deploying a Multipurpose Replication Group1. Select the type of replication group to
create2. Specify the name and domain3. Add the replication group members4. Specify a topology5. Specify the replication group schedule and
bandwidth6. Specify the primary member7. Specify the folders to replicate and the local
path on member servers
Understanding the Initial Replication Process1. Replication of DFS Replication settings2. The primary member starts replication3. Files are moved to DfsrPrivate\PreExisting4. Files are compared and replicated5. Primary member designation is removed
Generating Diagnostic Reports and Propagation Tests
Use the Diagnostic Report Wizard to:
• Create a health report• Start a propagation test• Create a propagation report
End of Chapter 7
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