7. research critque

Research Critique

1Dr. RS Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

• Effective leadership is not about making speeches or being liked; leadership is defined by results not attributes.

R S MEHTA, MSND 2

Research•Discover new knowledge

•Seek answers to questions

3Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

“Scientists are rated by what they finish, not by what they attempt”

4Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

Common Research Process

DESIGN AND EXCUTING PHASE

ANALYTICAL PHASE

Chapter 1 - Introduction

Chapter 2 - Literature review

Chapter 3 – Methodology

Chapter 4 - Data analysis

Chapter 5- Discussion

Chapter 6- Conclusion

References

FORMULATION PHASE

Appendix

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5Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

Reading and

Evaluating Research

6Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

Critique Nursing Studies: • Important questions that are part of intellectual

research critique are: 1. What are the major strengths of the study?2. Major weakness of the study?3. Findings of the study are accurate reflection

of reality.4. Significance of the findings for nurses.5. Findings consistence with previous study.

7Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

Reading for Understanding

• Choosing an article• Reading the abstract• Reading the introduction• Reading the method section• Reading the results section• Reading the discussion

8Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

How to critically review a paper?

• What the hypotheses? How many are there? Are they clearly stated? Is the number tested appropriate? Is there a salient central theme of the paper or are they scattered? Are you convinced by the authors of the significance of their topic and questions?

9Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

• What methods are used? Are they appropriate to test the hypotheses? Are the questionnaires well established? Are they appropriate? Is the subject selection appropriate?

• What findings are reported? Do they support the hypotheses?

10Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

• How did the authors interpret the findings? Do you agree with them? Are there other alternative explanations that they may have missed, and that may threaten the internal validity of their interpretation/conclusion? How could have they done their study differently?

• How a scale of 1 to 7 (1=at not all, 4=average, 7=best), how would you rate the 1) overall significance, 2) the presentation clarity, 3) the methodological soundedness?

11Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

• Length of critique: no longer than 2 pages

12Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

Guidelines for Critical Analysis of Research Report: Critiquing Criteria

• Read the research study from beginning to end in terms of elements of research process and compare each element to the established criteria. Critique the study by giving answers to the following questions raised as follows:

13Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

Statement of the Research Problem & Purpose:

• Is the problem clearly stated to identify the research variables, settings and Populations?

• Does the purpose clarify the focus of the problem to be stated?

• Are the findings of previous studies/existing literature used to generate the research problem and purpose?

14Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

Objective and Hypothesis:

• Are they appropriately expressed?• Are they linked to research purposes?• Are the variables identified?• Are there uncontrolled variables to confound

the findings to the study?

15Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

Conceptual / Theoretical Framework:

• Does the conceptual framework describe and define the concepts of interest?

• Are the relationships among variable clearly stated?• Is the model of framework provided for the clarity?• Does the framework reflect all the variables of the

study?• Is it consistent with what is being studied?

16Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

Operational Definitions: • Are the variables defined on the basis of

previous research or theories?• Is the operational definition consistent with

conceptual definition?

Limitations of the study: • Are the biases present in the study

identified/

17Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

Literature Review: • Are the previous studies related to research

problem identified and described?• Is the current knowledge of research problem

described?• Are the references current?• Is it organized to demonstrated progressive

development of idea through previous research?

• Does it provide rationale for the study?• Are primary sources mainly used?• Does it follow the purposes of the study?

18Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

Population and Sample:

• Are the setting and the population in which findings to be generalized clearly identified?

• Is the sample representative?• Is sample size sufficiently large?• Is the sample selection procedure clearly

described?• Is the human rights protected in carrying out

sampling technique?

19Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

Research Instruments:

• Are all data collection instruments identified?• Is the rationale for selection is given?• Is the method used appropriate to the problem being

studied?• Does it measure the variables as defined?• Does it describe how it was developed?• Is it reported how the validity and reliability had

been established?• Were the observers trained how to use it, if they

were used.

20Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

Data collection: • Was the instrument pre-tested?• Was the use of statistic appropriate?• Was the level of measurement for each variable

appropriate/• Are the same phenomena/variables being observed

as described in problem instrument?• Where the procedures for data collection adequately

described?• Where institutional permission obtained?• Is there enough information present to come into

conclusion?• Is the presentation of data adequate and agree with

the text?

21Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

Data Analysis and Interpretation:

• Are all of the results pertaining each hypothesis presented?

• Are the results presented objectively/• Has the level of significance reported/• Does the table have appropriate heading and precise

labels and the figures agree with the text?• Are the results interpreted in the context of ht

problem/purpose/hypothesis/theoretical framework?

22Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

Conclusion, Implications and Recommendations:

• Was it reported whether findings supported /

not supported the hypothesis?• What generalizations were made?• Was the relevance of research to nursing and

other field identified?• Was a recommendation for future research

made?• Was it reported what study had validity fro

generalization and replication of there study in another research setting?

23Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

• To know how to suggest is the great art of teaching.

– Amiel

R S MEHTA, MSND 24

Thank You

25Dr. R S Mehta, MSND, BPKIHS

Practical Sessions:

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