3.malaysian studies

MALAYSIAN STUDIESFOREIGN POLICY

Introduction to Foreign Policy

13.0 Introduction

Started before independence, in the era of Melaka Sultanate

Malaysia

Siam

Arab

countries around the Malay Archipelago

ParsiJapanChina

India

• Tunku Abdul Rahman(1957-1970)

• More pro-West and anti-communism

• Tun Abdul Razak(1970-1975)• Prioritized development and social

integration

• Tun Hussein Onn(1975-1981)• Focus on cooperation for defence and security of the country

The Malaysia

n Foreign

Policy by Different Leader

Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad(1981-

2003)• Economic relations and sustained

previous policies)

• Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi(2003-2009)

• Mohd Najib Tun Razak(2009-now)

The Formation of the Foreign Policy

The Geo-strategic

Surroundings

Political Structure Demography

National Security

Historical Factors

Economic Factors

International Laws

Globalisation Factor

• Malaysia located on the sea junction

(between the Pacific Ocean

and the Hindi Ocean)

• Practises democracy

fully supports human freedom and

the well-being of the people

MALAYSIA

citizens of various races

focus on unity

respect towards human

basic rights

• Safety – an important agenda

• Malaysia is located at strategic area and needs to be secure

• More important – relationship of Malaysia

• Regarding to the historical Indonesi

a Singapore

Brunei

Foreign policy – instrumental in providing technology transfer

Export and import of Malaysia’s product

• Malaysia – a part of wider

region and

larger

world

Relationship of Malaysia with foreign countries

- preserve its importance and sovereignty

The Formation of the Foreign Policy

The Geo-strategic

Surroundings

Political Structure Demography

National Security

Historical Factors

Economic Factors

International Laws

Globalisation Factor

The Objective of the Foreign Policy

To maintain and defend Malaysia’s

independence, sovereignty and

security

To maintain, defend and advance the

importance of Malaysia in the

international arena

To defend and develop the rights,

needs and aspirations of Malaysia in all

aspects

To instill good relationships and

improve cooperation with each other

countries

To embrace the principle of respecting

independence and sovereignty of the

region, through a non-intervention policy on the internal affairs of

other countries

To handle the progress and challenges in terms of politics,

economy, security and social aspects at the international level

The Role of the Foreign Ministry

To manage mutual, regional

and multiple relations with

foreign countries and international

bodies

To promote investment and

trade with foreign countries

To conduct activities that

extend and relay the country’s image abroad

To organise and manage support

activities including

service, public administration, finance, consul,

security and communication

Government agency that

has been given the authority

and mandate to manage

Malaysia’s relationship with

other foreign countries

The Priorities Of Malaysia’s Policy

THE PRIORITIE

S

KSS

EAEC

8 August 1967 in Bangkok

.

Cooperation

SocialPolitic

Economy

The Association of the South East Asian Nations

Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapura, Philippines, Thailand, Kampuchea, Laos, Vietnam & Myanmar.

10 Countries

ASEAN

8 August 1967 in Bangkok

The Association of the South East Asian Nations

10 Countries

Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapura, Philippines, Thailand, Kampuchea, Laos, Vietnam & Myanmar.

Cooperation

SocialPolitic

Economy

ASEAN

ASEAN

ASEAN Industrial

Complementation 1981

ASEAN Industrial

Joint Ventures

ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) in

1992

ASEAN Industrial

Project 1976

ECONOMY

BACK

ASEAN

8 August 1967 in Bangkok

The Association of the South East Asian Nations

10 Countries

Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapura, Philippines, Thailand, Kampuchea, Laos, Vietnam & Myanmar.

Cooperation

SocialPolitic

Economy

ASEAN

8 August 1967 in Bangkok

The Association of the South East Asian Nations

10 Countries

Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapura, Philippines, Thailand, Kampuchea, Laos, Vietnam & Myanmar.

Cooperation

SocialPolitic

Economy

ASEAN

Treaty of Amity and Cooperation

in Southeast Asia 1976

Declaration of ASEAN

Concord 1976

ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) 1994

Treaty on the Southeast Asia

Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone

Zone of Peace, Freedom an

d Neutrality

(ZOPFAN) 1971

POLITIC

BACK

ASEAN

8 August 1967 in Bangkok

The Association of the South East Asian Nations

10 Countries

Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapura, Philippines, Thailand, Kampuchea, Laos, Vietnam & Myanmar.

Cooperation

SocialPolitic

Economy

ASEAN

8 August 1967 in Bangkok

The Association of the South East Asian Nations

10 Countries

Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapura, Philippines, Thailand, Kampuchea, Laos, Vietnam & Myanmar.

Cooperation

SocialPolitic

Economy

ASEANSOCIAL

ASEAN Socio-Cultural

Community

ASEAN Youth

DayASEAN Committee on Women (ACW) in 2002

Vientienne Action Programme (VAP)

BACK

ASEAN Games

ASEAN

8 August 1967 in Bangkok

The Association of the South East Asian Nations

10 Countries

Cooperation

SocialPolitic

Economy

Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapura, Philippines, Thailand, Kampuchea, Laos, Vietnam & Myanmar.

THE PRIORITIE

S

KSS

EAEC

OIC

The Organization Of The Islamic Conference

57 Countries

Join in 1969

Invested in a few countries such as Petronas in Iran

Develop education among the Muslims

Malaysia is the most advance Islamic country

Malaysia had hosted various conferences & important meetings

Malaysia was given mandate in enabling & pioneer ‘The Eminent Persons Group.’

Malaysia has also held OIC Special MeetingLead the OIC Delegation & to meet Quartet Members

Role of Malaysia

in OIC

THE PRIORITIE

S

KSS

EAEC

The Association of Former British-Colonised Countries

• Joined after gained independence in 1957

• Consist of 50 countries

COMMONWEAL

TH

Commonwealth Plans

The establishment of a monetary fund.

The management of forestry and agriculture.

Reduction of sea pollution.

Overcoming the problem of the thinning ozone layer.

Main Goal

Good Friendship & Unity

Economic Development

Defence, Education

Legislation among all countries

THE PRIORITIE

S

KSS

EAEC

UN

THE PRIORITIE

S

KSS

EAEC

NAMNON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT

PURPOSE

• Serves as the reaction to the battlefield of two giants

• neutral

• Role of providing credible leadership by way of:

A)Representing the countries

B)Taking practical and effective measures

Malaysia’s accomplishments

• After the cold war

• Stimulate unity and cooperation among the countries who are under pressure form much more advanced countries

• Promote and consolidating the mechanism of multi-directional diplomacy

• Ability to express views and promote the interest of developing countries(politics,economy,trades)

THE PRIORITIE

S

KSS

EAEC

KSSSOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION

Purpose

• To protect the economic needs of developed countries and to avoid the pressure from advanced countries

• Pressure comes in form of market domination from developed countries

Resolution for KSS as proposed by Malaysia

• Improving the economic condition

• Overcome the price inflation of raw materials

• Find ways to pay off the debts of developing countries

• Setting up the KSS to propose the suggestions to be avoid pressure from developed countries

THE PRIORITIE

S

KSS

EAEC

EAECEast Asia Economic

Cooperation

Status

• Become clearer, especially in an ever changing world.

• Economic situation was aggravated after the 11/9 incident.

• Joined by countries such as Korea, Japan, China and South Korea.

• USA not happy because this movement has been rendered sufficient to encourage trade in that region.

THE PRIORITIE

S

KSS

EAEC

EACAsean Economic

Community

PURPOSE

• Enable the flow of items, services, investments and capitals to be more efficient and thus emerge as an appealing investment centre with the formation of one market and a great producing centre.

Common characteristics between EU and EAC

• Various level of capacity

• Small and dense in population

• EAC has become a respectable regional organisation

• EAC can generate a regional group that is peaceful, prosperous and advanced and will aid in the development of all citizens in this region

THE PRIORITIE

S

KSS

EAEC

CURRENT ISSUE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATION

Relationship with ASEAN

3.

• Malaysia have made contribution to bring peace , prosperty, and economic growth ASEAN region and to the country

2

• There have been no conflict or use of military power to resolve mutual conflict among the ASEAN countries and even with other neighbouring nation.

1• The founder of ASEAN vision on unification

have materialised through politic stability

4

• Since ASEAN started , ASEAN has grown exponently and has potential to succes in field of economic and politic.

GlobalisationNowadays ..

advances in communication technology

Easy of interaction.

Malaysia still… (cont)• Joint-venture , trade unions, and smart

partnerships with other countries at government and private level.

•Assist the less developed counties to reduced gap between rich and poor countries.

• However• Globalisation may erode the freedom of a country to make own decision in carrying out country’s various agendas.

Problems of violence• The attack of USA on 11 Sept 2001 left a profound

effect on the world.

• The world should pay attention to the injustice and oppression that have taken.

• For extremist in Islamic world, one of the main drives for anyone to commit violence and terrorism is to project their response towards the action done by ISRAEL in attacking the PALESTINIAN

• Malaysia opines that as long as the desire of Palestinian is not achieve , the terrorism is not going to wane.

• Malaysian citizen must grateful as Malaysia to gain and mandate by other countries as a “moderate Islamic country which hold firmly the true sense of moderation in the teaching of Islam.

THE IMPACTS OF INTERNATIONAL

ISSUES

EFFECTS ON THE EFFORTS TO COMBAT INTERNATIONAL

VIOLENCE

US and its allies had given

Negative effects on the efforts of the international community that go against

international violence.

EFFECTS ON THE EFFORTS TO COMBAT INTERNATIONAL VIOLENCE

These negative impact are still felt by the people and communities , especially from West Asia.But what our government want most is the mutual relation between Malaysia and the US remains and continues.

EFFECTS ON THE BLOCKADE UPON IRAQ

Had automatically provided ‘victory’ to the US

Cancellation on the blockade bring profits to US

US firms with their allies are expected to monopoly the concession in oil and gas.

Malaysia does not want UN to agree with US actions against Iraq.

Malaysia had to comply and ready to provide assistance for the people of Iraq.

BENEFITS OF FOREIGN POLICY TO MALAYSIA

Benefit

MILITARY

TECHNOLOGY

SOCIAL

POLITIC

ECONOMY

MILITARY

Malaysia get the help from several foreign countries;

-Australia

-New Zealand

in military training and weapon exchange technology

This will improve our army in maintaining peace of our country .

TECHNOLOGY

• Malaysia gets many exchanging knowledge

with the engineers from countries like Japan.

• This sharing of knowledge had help Malaysia

came out with own product of automotive

named PROTON SAGA by PROTON .

• Petronas Twin Tower (KLCC) is also the

outcome from the effort of exchanging

knowledge and technology

SOCIAL

• Malaysia get to involve in helping disaster victims.

• Malaysia is one of the members in The

Organization of Islamic Council (OIC).

• Malaysia is also among the countries members of

United Nation (UN).

POLITIC

• Diplomatic relationship become more stable and condusive for each members.

• Can maintain peace and harmony politically

• Can increase allies in improving political system in each country.

• Improve skills of managing a country

ECONOMY

• Malaysia is one of the country that is a must for tourist to visit if they wish to be in Asia.

• Malaysia’s tourism sector had improve from year to year.

• Malaysia also has a lot of foreigner that invest in Malaysia.

• Many of them love to do business in this country because of the wide market and peace that we had.

-THE END-