3...facility layout

FACILITY LAYOUT

GREESHMA.E.DSCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL FISHERIES

CUSAT

Facility layout-definition

Howard J. Weiss and Mark E. Gershon defined facility layout as "the physical arrangement of everything needed for the product or service, including machines, personnel, raw materials, and finished goods. The criteria for a good layout necessarily relate to people (personnel and customers), materials (raw, finished, and in process), machines, and their interactions."

Plant layout The arrangement of physical facilities such as

machinery, equipment, furniture etc. with in the factory building in such a manner so as to have quickest flow of material at the lowest cost and with the least amount of handling in processing the product from the receipt of material to the shipment of the finished product.

According to Riggs, “the overall objective of plant layout is to design a physical arrangement that most economically meets the required output – quantity and quality.”

Factors determining layout &design

Ease of future expansion or change Flow of movement Materials handling Output needs Space utilization Shipping and receiving Ease of communication and support Impact on employee morale and job satisfaction Safety

TYPES OF LAYOUT

From the point of view of plant layout, small business or unit into three categories:

1. Manufacturing units

2. Traders

3. Service Establishments

1. Manufacturing units

In case of manufacturing unit, plant layout may be of four types:

(a )Process or functional layout (b) Product or line layout(c) Fixed position or location layout(d) Combined or group layout

Process layouts

Process layouts are facility configurations in which operations of a similar nature or function are grouped together. As such, they occasionally are referred to as functional layouts.

Their purpose is to process goods or provide services that involve a variety of processing requirements

Advantages of process layouts

Flexibility. Cost. System protection. Super vision can be more

effective Motivation. -

Disadvantages of process layouts

Utilization.. Cost. Confusion. Time gap or lag

PRODUCT LAYOUT

Machines and equipments are arranged in one line depending upon the sequence of operations required for the product.

The materials move form one workstation to another sequentially without any backtracking or deviation

Advantages: Product layout

· Output: large volume in short time

·Cost: absence of back tracking ·Utilization: labor and equipment

Disadvantages: Product layout

· Motivation. –repeated job · Flexibility. - · System protection . cost

Fixed Position or Location Layout

The arrangement of a facility so that the product stays in one location; tools, equipment, and workers are brought to it as needed

Advantages

• Time• Flexible• economical when several orders in

different stages of progress are being executed simultaneously

Disadvantages

• Space• Conflicts• cost

COMBINATION LAYOUTS

Many situations call for a mixture of the three main layout types. These mixtures are commonly called combination or hybrid layouts.

FACTORS INFLUENCING LAYOUT

a) Factory building: b) Nature of product. c) Production process: d) Type of machinery: e) Repairs and maintenance. f) Human needs g) Plant environment:

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