3d product models and ifc of iai
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Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 1
3D Product Models and IFC of IAI
Nobuyoshi Yabuki, Ph.D., P.E.Associate ProfessorDept of Civil Eng & Arch
Muroran Inst of Tech, Hokkaido, Japan
January 28, 2006, at Akasaka Prince Hotel
Asia Construction IT Round Table Meeting
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 2
OUTLINE
1. Introduction2. Data Models3. 3D Product Models4. IFC of IAI5. Product Models Developed by Yabuki
Laboratory6. Civil Engineering Group of IAI Japan Chapter7. Conclusion
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 3
1. IntroductionProblems in civil engineering
•Fragmentation•Inefficient information exchange•Site construction•Public•Many stakeholders•Low productivity
Comparison of Labor Productivities (Unit: Yen/Man/Hour)
2,8175,0232002
3,7143,5311990
ConstructionManufacturingYear
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 4
Design CheckingSystem
3D CADSystem
EstimationSystem
ConstructionPlanning
System
Structural Analysis System
Design Generation
System
ConstructionManagement
System
MaintenanceSystem
Islands of AutomationMuch data are stowed away.
In the life cycle of civil infrastructures, many systems are used.
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 5
Data sharing among various systems to increase the efficiency.Data input mistakes decrease.
Data ModelData Model
Therefore, a data model is needed.
Design CheckingSystem
Structural Analysis System
Design Generation
System
3D CADSystem
EstimationSystem
ConstructionPlanning
System
ConstructionManagement
System
MaintenanceSystem
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 6
2. Data Models1970s
•IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Specification)1984
•Object-oriented technology•Not just CAD standard, necessity of data models for objects was identified.
•Not just 2D, but 3D for representing geometry of objects.•US: PDES (Product Data Exchange Standard)•Europe: ISO, TC184, SC4, ISO-10303,STEP (Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data)
1991•PDES was merged with ISO-STEP.
Application Protocols and EXPRESS, EXPRESS-G were developed in ISO-STEP. However, in construction related area, the 3D model development was late.
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 7
IFC of IAI1994
Autodesk started IAI (Industry Alliance for Interoperability) for developing classes for buildings in C++ with 12 companies in the US.
1995
IAI invited other companies and foreign countries.
1997
IAI changed its name to International Alliance for Interoperability and became an international organization for developing Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) for Architecture, Engineering & Construction (AEC).
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 8
In Japan, Construction CALS/EC1995
Ministry of Construction started CALS/EC Research Group.
1996
JACIC founded CALS Center.
Data exchange formats for mainly 2D drawings, documents and photos.
Product models proposed by other organizations
• JHDM by Japan Highway Agency
• SYMPHONY by Japanese steel bridge manufacturers, etc.
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3. IFC of IAIBuilding Smart MissionIAI is an alliance of organizations dedicated to bring about a coordinated change for the improvement of productivity and efficiency in the construction and facilities management industry (Building Smart). Our members engage in national-industrial programmes that aim to change the organisation, process and technology of the industry.
• IFC : an object-oriented data model developed by IAI• IFC enables data sharing between CAD & non-CAD applications
• Publicly Available Specification (PAS) of ISO TC184 SC4 since November 2002.
• De facto standard as a product model for buildings• The current version of IFC is Release 2x Edition 2, IFC2x2.
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 10
11 Chapters of IAI, 24 Countries, 447 organizations(as of October 14, 2005)
Currently the IAI has the following chapters, listed in the order establishment. They all contribute actively to the overall development of the IAI.
•North American Chapter•German Speaking Chapter•UK Chapter •Japanese Chapter •Singaporean Chapter•Nordic Chapter•French Speaking Chapter•Australasian Chapter•Iberian Chapter•Italian Chapter•Chinese Chapter
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Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 12
IfcColumn
LocalPlacement
OtherAttributesName
IfcRepresentationItem
IfcPropertySetElastic Modulus
NameYield Point
Unit Weight
Steel Type
IfcPropertyDefinition
Name
IfcRoot
IfcRelationship
NameIfcProduct
ProductDefinition
Shape
LocalPlacement
OtherAttributesName
Wideflangeshape
Line Surface Solid
Item
IfcObject
OtherAttributesName
Name
Linking
Linking
ProductDefinition
Shape
Basic elements of IFC
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4. Product Models Developed by Yabuki Laboratory at Muroran Inst of Tech
4.1 A Product Model for PC Bridges
We first developed our own product model for prestressedconcrete bridges.
However, we decided to develop product models based on IFC of IAI.
We added necessary classes to IFC and modified it.
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 14
(ABS)IfcSpatialStructureElement
IfcBuildingIfcBuildingStorey
IfcSite
(ABS)IfcProduct
(ABS)IfcElement
(ABS)IfcBuildingElement
(ABS)IfcObject
(ABS)IfcRoot
IfcRelContainedInSpatialStructure
IfcBeam IfcColumn
(ABS)IfcRelDecomposes
IfcRelAggregates
(ABS)IfcRelationship
(ABS)IfcRelDefines
(ABS)IfcPropertyDefinition
(ABS)IfcPropertySetDefinition
IfcPropertySet
IfcRelDefinesByProperties
(ABS)IfcRelConnects
RelatedObjects S[1:?](INV)IsDefinedBy S[0:?]
RelatingObject(INV)IsDecomposedBy
RelatedObjects S[1:?](INV)Decomposes S[0:?]
RelatingPropertyDefinition
(INV)PropertyDefinitionOf S[0:1]
RelatingStructure(INV)ContainsElements S[0:?]
RelatedElements S[1:?]
(INV)ContainedInStructure S[0:1]
IfcText
IfcLabel
Description
Name
IfcGloballyUniqueId
IfcOwnerHistory
GlobalId
OwnerHistory
IfcProductRepresentation
ObjectPlacementIfcObjectPlacement
Representation
ObjectType
IfcIdentiferTag
IfcLabel
IfcIdentifer
IfcElementCompositionEnum
LongName
CompositionType
IfcSlab
SlabTypeEnum
PredefinedType
IfcProperty
HasProperties S[1:?]
ConcreteProperties
VoidProperties
PrestressingStrandProperties
AnchoringDeviceProperties
RebarProperties
SheathProperties
SlabOfBridgeConcreteStructureElement
SlabType
SlabTypeEnum
FixingType CableType
(ABS)CivilStructureElement
Void
PrestressingStrandAnchoringDevice
Rebar
FixingTypeEnum CableTypeEnum
Sheath
Classes added by usClasses added by us
Civil Engineering Civil Engineering Member ClassesMember Classes
Property SetsProperty Sets
Building Class
Building Member Classes
IFC 2x
IfcRelContainedInIfcRelContainedInSpatialStructureSpatialStructure
IfcRelDefinesByPropertiesIfcRelDefinesByProperties
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 15
Integration and Application
Rebar CoverChecking System
Converter I
Converter II
3D-CADSystem
PC BridgeStructural
Design System(UC-1 of Forum8)
Converter III
3DProductModel
In order to check the validity and practicality of the developed product model, the product model was integrated with three application systems, and they were applied to a design case.
AutoCAD
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 16
Design Application: Analysis, Code Checking
Converter III
U/I of UC-1 of Forum 8
Representing necessary data for analysis and detailed design
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 17
Sheath
Rebar Interference Solid
Prestressing Strand
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 18
A rebar that violates
the cover provision
Zoom
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 19
4.2 A Product Model for Steel Girder Bridges and Virtual Reality
(ABS)IfcSpatialStructure
Element
IfcBuilding
PlateGirder
(ABS)IfcProduct
(ABS)IfcElement
(ABS)IfcObject
(ABS)IfcRoot
IfcRelContainedInSpatialStructure
(ABS)IfcRelDecomposes
IfcRelAggregates
(ABS)IfcRelationship
(ABS)IfcRelDefines
(ABS)IfcPropertyDefinition
(ABS)IfcPropertySetDefinition
IfcPropertySet
IfcRelDefinesByProperties
(ABS)IfcRelConnects
RelatedObjects S[1:?](INV)IsDefinedBy S[0:?]
RelatingObject(INV)IsDecomposedBy
RelatedObjects S[1:?](INV)Decomposes S[0:?]
RelatingPropertyDefinition(INV)PropertyDefinitionOf S[0:1]
RelatingStructure(INV)ContainsElements S[0:?]
RelatedElements S[1:?](INV)ContainedInStructure S[0:1]
IfcText
IfcLabel
Description
NameIfcGloballyUniqueId
IfcOwnerHistory
GlobalId
OwnerHistory
IfcProductRepresentation
ObjectPlacementIfcObjectPlacement
Representation
ObjectType
Tag
IfcLabel
IfcIdentifer
IfcElementCompositionEnum
LongName
CompositionType
IfcProperty
HasProperties S[1:?]
(ABS)IfcBuildingElement
IfcBeamIfcColumnIfcSlabSlabTypeEnumPredefinedType
(ABS)IfcElement
ComponentIfcFastener IfcMechanical
Fastener
(ABS)IfcFeauture
Element
(ABS)IfcFeautureElement
SubtructionIfcOpeningElement
IfcRelVoidsElement
IfcRelConnectsElements
IfcPositiveLengthMeasure
IfcPositiveLengthMeasure
NominalDiameter
NominalLength
RelatedBuildingElement
RelatedOpeningElement(INV)VoidsElements
IfcIdentifer
RelatedElements
RelatingElements
PlateGirderType
OhterSteelBuiltupElement
BuiltupElementType
PlateGirderTypeEnum
(ABS)CivilStructureElement
SteelShapeElement
SteelPlateElement
PlateMemberType PlateMemberTypeEnum
ShapeMemberType ShapeMemberTypeEnum
BuiltupElementTypeEnum
BoltProperties
NutProperties
WasherProperties
WeldingProperties
拡張したクラス
継承クラス
必須属性オプション属性
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 20
Immersion in Virtual Reality
Left eye Right eye
A Design System Using Virtual Reality
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 21
106cm
Transmitter
Receiver
Liquid crystal shutter glasses
Boundary of transmitter
System Layout
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 22
Changed color by clicking the object.
VR-CAD based on Java-3D
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 23
4.3 4D Data Models
Converter
4D CAD System
3D CAD System
Converter
Process Model Product Model
Converter
Earned Value Management System
Cost Estimation SystemUnit Prices
SPI, CPI,
Quantities
Schedule
Schedule System
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 24
Microsoft Project
An instance file of Process Model
Retrieved data from MS Project
Current work performed
Previous pay day
Current pay day
Converter
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 25
Section(B)
Section(C)
Section(D)
Section(A)
Section(E)
Product model Process model
ConverterAutoCAD LDT
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 26
EVMSMicrosoft Project and Visual Basic are linked by OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) function.
Finish
Start
High cost
Fast
High cost
Slow
Low cost
Fast
Low cost Slow
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 27
Phase 1 Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4Phase 5
4D Modeling
4.4 Application of 4D model for Analysis and Construction
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 28
Comp. fixed
Hor. fixed
Stairway
Phase 1
Phase 3
Phase 4 (Water jet)
Phase 2 (Water jet)
Phase 5
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 29
5. IFC-BRIDGE• Coincidentally, IAI French Speaking Chapter developed their bridge product
model around the same time we did. They proposed their model to IAI and named it IFC-BRIDGE. There were similarities between our model and theirs.
• I visited SETRA (Service d’Etudes Techniques des Routes et Autoroutes), which is the developer of IFC-BRIDGE to discuss bridge product models in April 2004.
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 30
6. Civil Engineering Group of IAI Japan Chapter
• In November 2004, Civil Engineering Group of IAI Japan Chapter was founded.
• We have obtained funds for Joint Research with France from JSPS and French Government.
• We visited France to merge our product model with the French IFC-BRIDGE in September 2005.
• French group visited Japan to meet us and give presentations to us.
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 31
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 32
IFC-BRIDGEVersion 2.0Data Model
Eric Lebègue
Jean- Gual
Nobuyoshi Yabuki
November 2005
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 33
General structureIfcProduct
IfcElement
IfcBuildingElementIfcBridgeStructureElementIfcBridge
RelatedElements S[1:?]
Existing IFC 2x2 entity New entity
IfcBuilding
IfcRelAssignsToProduct RelatingProductRelatedObjects S[1:?]IfcProject
IfcSpatialStructureElement
IfcRelAggregatesRelatingObject RelatedObjects S[1:?]
IfcRelContainedInSpatialStructure
IfcBridgeElement
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 34
Bridge Elements
IfcBridgeElement
IfcBridgeSegmentSegments S[1:?]
IfcBridgeTendon
IfcBridgeReinforcingBar
IfcBridgeSingularInternalPointWayPoints S[1:?]
IfcElement
IfcBridgeElementComponent
IfcBridgeAnchoringDevice
IfcBridgeVoid
IfcBridgeSheath
IfcBridgePrismaticElement
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 35
IFC-ROAD
• In the meeting of September 2005 at CSTB in France, Alfred Stein, Germany, proposed IFC-ROAD effort, similar to IFC-BRIDGE, based on OKSTRA and IFC, with France, Norway, and Japan.
• The Civil Engineering Group of IAI Japan Chapter is going to cooperate with their efforts.
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 36
Integration of Cyber Infrastructures and Real Infrastructures
Cyber Infrastructures
CAD/CG FEMOther Analysis
Software PackagesGIS
DatabasesMiddleware
Design CheckingSoftware
ProjectManagementCBR System
Data Mining Multi-Agents
LinkingSensor Data
Sensor Networks RFID
Information(Order, Advices, and Support)
Various Appliances,Equipment, and Machines
Roads, Bridges, Tunnels, Railways, Stations,Rivers, Dams, Hydraulic Gates, Causways, Ports,
Sewages, Agricultural Infrastructures,Power Stations, Transmission Lines, Gas Facilities,
Communication Facilities, etc.
Real Infrastructures
People
Data Models(Product Models,
Sensor DataModels, etc.)
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 37
7. Conclusions• Time has come for 3D models in civil engineering.
• IAI will continuously play an important role for developing product models in AEC.
• Some product models developed by our group were introduced here including PC and steel girder bridges, cut and fill earthworks, and hydroelectric power stations.
• Immersion VR-CAD will be an important user interface to 3D/4D data models.
• We will need business process reengineering as well as information exchange by product models in order to increase the productivity and efficiency in a great deal.
Nobuyoshi Yabuki (c) 2005 38
Thank you.
Email: yabuki@news3.ce.muroran-it.ac.jpURL: http://yb3.ce.muroran-it.ac.jp/
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