3d knitted textiles
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B HIR D R UNIVERSITY
Ethiopian Institute of Textiles and FashionTechnology(EITEX)
SEMINAR ON 3D KNITTING
PREPARED BY: SELAMU TEMESGEN
SUBMITTED TO : Dr.S.Kathirrvelu Professor Textile Tech.
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Contents
Introduction
Classification of 3D knitted fabrics
Manufacturing method for 3d textiles
Properties of weft and warp knitted 3D fabrics
Types of machines used for 3D weft and warpknitting
Application of 3D fabrics
Principles to obtain 3d knitted fabrics
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3D-Textiles
1.Introduction
Development of three-dimensional knittedfabrics dates from the 19thcentury
The concept of three-dimensional of the textile
materials is not related to the intrinsic value ofdimensions found on the three axes (x, y, z), but to
the relationship between them.
This relation characterises the importance of thedimensions in the geometry of the material.
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A three-dimensional fabric, regardless of the
process used, is a continuous ensemble, with fully
integrated fibre, characterised by multiaxial spatial
orientation
Creating a three-dimensional effect on knits is based
on the following techniques:
I. Insertion of additional yarns along multiple
directions;
II. Knitting and linking independent layers in
different ways;
III. Spatial shaping.
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2. Classification of 3D knitted fabrics
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3.3D Textiles - ManufacturingMethods
Manufacturing methods:
Braiding
Weft knitting
Warp knitting
Weaving
Stitched assemblies
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Manufacturing Methods WeftKnitting
Basic technique: Forming a loop through previously formed such
loops.
One yarn makes one row of the fabric.
General properties: The specific shape of the individual loops results in an elastic
material
Fabric thickness is low 3D geometry
Patterning allows manufacturing of tailor-made
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Fabric Formation Elements Weft
Knitting
Individually controlled needles
Consecutive knitting on every next needle
One thread per row
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4. Machines used Weft
Knitting
Two kinds of machines:
Flat bed
Possibility to make tubular products, shells, thicknessreinforced (spacer knits) and some complex structuresas a combination of these
Patterning of shape and loop architecture Circular
Tubular and spacer tubular fabrics
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5.ApplicationScope Weft Knitting
Weft Knitting:
Somewhat limited 3D application dueto the relatively low thickness of thematerial
Biomedical
Composites (formable matrix)
Reinforcement (Y-pipe, T-Pipe)
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Manufacturing Methods Warp
Knitting
Basic technique:
Fabric formed by interconnecting loops.
Machine used-Double needle bar raschel is commonly used
A set of individual yarns for every needle.
General properties:
Less elastic fabrics
Products with considerable thickness 3D structures
Patterning allows repeated structures to be manufactured
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Fabric Formation Elements Warp
Knitting
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Application Scope Warp
Knitting
Warp Knitting:
Composite materials
Aerospace industry composite matrix
Civil engineering concrete reinforcement, acoustic
insulation
Military - ballistic protectionBiomedical vascular stents
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5 P i i l f Ob i i Th
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5.Principles for Obtaining Three-
Dimensional Knitted Fabrics
To produce three-dimensional fabrics, the knitted material can be
formed by the technique called spatial fashioning technique (also
known as flechage).
Three-dimensional structures can be created also
by knitting stitches and loops combined with the
lateral movement of the needle bed.
By increasing or decreasing the number of working
needles it is possible to create three dimensional
knitted items on intarsia knits.
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Conti
The methods of making three-dimensional items on
flat knitting machines are:
1. Incomplete knitted rows technique (spatial
fashioning);
2. The use of patterns with 3D effects egg. Knittingtuck stitches patterns combined with racking;
3. Knitting separate fabrics connected in between
sandwich/spacer fabrics;
4. Integral knitting /wholegarment.
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Conti
1 Incomplete Rows Knitting Technique
Incomplete rows knitting technique is atechnique used by designers of knits to create
three-dimensional knitted items or tubular
knits
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2.Use of Patterned Structures with 3D Effects
The most known example is the so called egg nest fabric, created by
Shima Seiki.
The pattern is based on cardigan evolutions combined
with successive racking in opposite directions.
Another example is a jersey fabric with a zone with miss stitches while the carriers produce
stitches on the opposite bed.
When the missing stitches are discharges, the stitches
produced on the opposite bed are transferred to theworking bed.
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3 Sandwich Fabrics A knitted layered item (sandwich) is a 3D structure,
composed from two outer layers knitted together
independent, connected by byarns or other knittedlayers, as shown below
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Sandwich fabrics with connection through knitted layers present a largerange of development possibilities :
increase in the fabric thickness based on the length of the connection
layers;
modification of the geometry of external fabrics due to the use of
connecting layers with different length;
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4. Integral Knitting TechniqueIntegral knitting technique is an improved stage in the development of
technologies for flat knitting machines .
So far it is the most advanced knitting technology throughwhich a garment is completely assembled on a knittingmachine without the need of sewing. Seamless knittingtechnology is a method that cuts off waste and reduces
costs. The seamless garment is very comfortable and resistant
to wear.
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THE END
THANKS
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