36250202 railway signalling
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BY
SHAHNAWAZ HAQUE
DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
GURU NANAK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
RAILWAY
SIGNALLING
RAILWAY
SIGNALLING
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Principles of SignallingPrinciples of Signalling
The Time Interval System
Fixed Signalling
Distant Signals
Interlocking Blocks
The Track Circuit
Multi-Aspect Signals
Four-Aspect Signalling A Safe Braking Distance
The Overlap
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Track Unoccupied
Track Occupied
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Automatic Warning System(AWS)Automatic Warning System(AWS)
An alarm sounds in the driver's cab whenever a train approachesa caution or stop signal. If the driver fails to acknowledge thealarm, the train brakes are applied. The system is called AWS.
A form of a track mounted, non-contact inductor.
The AWS "ramp" as the inductor is known, is placed about 185 m
on the approach side of the signal between the rails. AWS ramp contains a pair of magnets, the first permanent, the
second an electro-magnet linked to the signal to provide anindication of the aspect.
Operation is based on energising and denergising of the electro-
magnet. Enforcement-A very simple system called trainstop is used.
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Train Protection and WarningTrain Protection and Warning System (TPWS)System (TPWS) If a train approaches a stop signal showing a danger aspect
at too high a speed to enable it to stop at the signal, it willbe forced to stop, regardless of any action (or inaction) by
the driver.
Consists of two pairs of electronic loops are placed between
the rails. Each pair consists of, first an arming loop and
secondly, a trigger loop.
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TPWS Unit
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Automatic Train Protection(ATP)Automatic Train Protection(ATP)
It can be either mechanical or electronic.
Electronic ATP involves track to train transmission ofsignal aspects and (sometimes) their associatedspeed limits.
ATP Speed Codes-Gives two pieces of information
about the state of the line ahead - what speed can itdo in this block and what speed must it be doing bythe time it enters the next block.
ATP Speed Code includes an antennae on the train,
electronic track circuitry and generates codes The code data consists of two parts, the authorised
speed code for this block and the target speed codefor the next block.
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ATP Code TransmissionATP Code Transmission
ATP Signalling codes contained in the track circuits are transmitted to thetrain.
Data is passed to an on-board decoding and safety processor.
The permitted speed is checked against the actual speed. At the trackside, the signal aspects of the sections ahead are monitored
and passed to the code generator for each block.
The code generator sends the appropriate codes to the track circuit.8/22/2010
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Route SignallingRoute Signalling Junctions-Signals are provided at junctions.
The signal has to perform two functions -to confirm to the driver that the route is set and thepoints locked for the indicated route and that theblock ahead is clear.
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Route Locking -The section of track between the signal and the
points is "route locked.-Once this track circuit is occupied the point control is
locked and the points cannot be moved.
Track locking-the track circuit at the points is also interlocked withthe point operation system to prevent any movement taking place
while the train is passing through
Route SignallingRoute Signalling
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Automatic TrainAutomatic Train Operation(ATO)Operation(ATO) It is the non-safety part of train operation related to station stops
and starts. The basic requirement of ATO is to tell the train approaching a
station where to stop so that the complete train is in the platform
Use of beacon - originally a looped cable, now usually a fixedtransponder
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ANY QUESTIONS???ANY QUESTIONS???
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THANK YOUTHANK YOU
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