3.0 early hominids · hominids social studies 10| a. morrison [adapted in part from s. saunders...
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EARLY HOMINIDS
Social Studies 10| A. Morrison
[Adapted in part from S. Saunders & A. Champion]
OUTCOME
1.2 Identify the physical characteristic which increased human ability to adapt and survive.
NOTES
•Handout| Early Hominids• As we go through the following information, keep
track of it on your Early Hominids notes chart.
HUMAN ANCESTORS
•Human evolution has taken about eight million years.•Our earliest ancestors were hominids.
•Hominid| the earliest human-like creatures.• They did not look like modern humans – they were
ape-like.
•We can trace our evolution through the following ancestors:
AUSTRALOPITHECUS
aka “Southern Ape”
Evolution: Eastern Africa c. 3.9 million years ago
Physical features:
Ape-like handsBrain the size of an orange
Size: Adults about 4ft tall
Walking: Upright, but still climbed trees
AUSTRALOPITHECUS
Tools: May have used branches
Food: Mostly vegetarian, scavenged some meat
Fire: Unable to use it; probably afraid of it
CASE STUDY: LUCY
•How do we know this?• Lucy, Ethiopia 1974
• As you watch the video: what evidence does Lucy provide us about early hominids?
• Lucy: 3.2 million year old mother of man [BBC] (2:03)| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3U5KkOYRkA
HOMO HABILIS
aka “Handy Man”
Evolution: c. 2 million years ago
Physical features:
Larger brainHands could grasp tools
Size: Adults about 4.5ft tall
Walking: Upright
HOMO HABILIS
Tools: Made stone tools
Food: Hunter-gatherersFollowed food sources
Fire: Used it (took it from natural fires), but could not make it
HOMO ERECTUS
aka “Upright Man”
Evolution: c. 1.6 million years ago
Physical features:
Brain 2/3 the size of a modern human
Size: Similar to modern human
Walking: Fully upright
HOMO ERECTUS
Tools: Made stone toolsEarly hand axes
Food: Hunter-gatherersFollowed food sources
Fire: Learned to make fire
CASE STUDY: PEKING MAN
• China, 1927• As you watch the video: what
evidence does Peking Man provide us about early hominids?
• Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian [UNESCO] (2:57)| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5KEsQP5i6M
HOMO SAPIEN SAPIEN
aka “Wise Man”
Evolution: c. 50 000 years ago
Physical features:
Human
Size: Same as modern human
Walking: Bipedal – always upright
HOMO SAPIEN SAPIEN
Tools: Weapons, bone needles, fish hooks, clothing
Food: Hunter-gatherersHunted in groups
Fire: Made and used fire
SUB-CATEGORIES
• Homo sapiens became briefly sub-categorized… but Neanderthals didn’t survive.
ßNeanderthal
Cro-magnon à
CASE STUDY: CHEDDAR MAN
• UK, 1903• As you watch the video: what
evidence does Cheddar Man provide us about early humans?
• Cheddar Man: DNA shows early Briton had dark skin [BBC News] (1:31)| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lWDWVDu01P0
ACTIVITY
• Facts About Human Evolution (12:31)|
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROwKq3kxPEA
• As you watch the video, fill in the handout “Early Hominids – Evolutionary Advantages”
DISCUSSION
•What feature of evolution was the most important in the survival of early hominids? Why?•Discuss with a partner or group of 4.•Give evidence to support your answer.
• Be prepared to share.
END
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