2017 formula one technical regulations · 1.1 formula one car : an automobile designed solely for...

2017FORMULAONETECHNICALREGULATIONS

PUBLISHEDON9MARCH2017

CONTENTSSUMMARY

ARTICLE1:DEFINITIONS 6-81.1 FormulaOneCar1.2 Automobile1.3 LandVehicle1.4 Bodywork1.5 Wheel1.6 Completewheel1.7 AutomobileMake1.8 Event1.9 Weight1.10 Cubiccapacity1.11 Pressurecharging1.12 Cockpit1.13 Sprungsuspension1.14 Survivalcell1.15 Camera1.16 Camerahousing1.17 Cockpitpadding1.18 Brakecaliper1.19 Electronicallycontrolled1.20 Openandclosedsections1.21 Powertrain1.22 Powerunit1.23 Engine1.24 EnergyRecoverySystem(ERS)1.25 MotorGeneratorUnit-Kinetic(MGU-K)1.26 MotorGeneratorUnit-Heat(MGU-H)1.27 EnergyStore(ES)1.28 Compressorinlet1.29 CompressoroutletARTICLE2:GENERALPRINCIPLES 92.1 RoleoftheFIA2.2 Amendmentstotheregulations2.3 Dangerousconstruction2.4 Compliancewiththeregulations2.5 Newsystemsortechnologies2.6 Measurements2.7 Dutyofcompetitor

ARTICLE3:BODYWORKANDDIMENSIONS 10-353.1 Definitions3.2 Overalldimensions3.3 Frontwing3.4 Frontbodywork3.5 Rearbodywork3.6 Rearwingandrearimpactstructure3.7 Flooranddiffuser3.8 Aerodynamicinfluence3.9 Bodyworkflexibility3.10 Bodyworkconstruction

ARTICLE4:WEIGHT 364.1 Minimumweight4.2 Weightdistribution4.3 Weightoftyres4.4 Ballast4.5 Addingduringtherace

ARTICLE5:POWERUNIT 37-455.1 Enginespecification5.2 Othermeansofpropulsionandenergyrecovery5.3 Powerunitdimensions5.4 Weightandcentreofgravity5.5 Powerunittorquedemand5.6 Powerunitcontrol5.7 Enginehighrevlimits5.8 Exhaustsystems5.9 Variablegeometrysystems5.10 Fuelsystems5.11 Ignitionsystems5.12 EnergyRecoverySystem(ERS)5.13 Engineancillaries5.14 Engineintakeair5.15 Materialsandconstruction-Definitions5.16 Materialsandconstruction–General5.17 Materialsandconstruction–Components5.18 Materialsandconstruction–Pressurechargingandexhaustsystems5.19 Materialsandconstruction–Energyrecovery,storagesystemsandelectronicsystems5.20 Startingtheengine5.21 Stallpreventionsystems5.22 Replacingpowerunitparts

ARTICLE6:FUELSYSTEM 46-476.1 Fueltanks6.2 Fittingsandpiping6.3 Crushablestructure6.4 Fueltankfillers6.5 Refuelling6.6 Fueldrainingandsampling

ARTICLE7:OILANDCOOLANTSYSTEMSANDCHARGEAIRCOOLING 487.1 Locationofoiltanks7.2 Longitudinallocationofoilsystem7.3 Catchtank7.4 Transversallocationofoilsystem7.5 Coolantheadertank7.6 Coolingsystems7.7 OilandcoolantlinesARTICLE8:ELECTRICALSYSTEMS 49-528.1 Softwareandelectronicsinspection8.2 Controlelectronics8.3 Startsystems8.4 Dataacquisition8.5 Telemetry8.6 Drivercontrolsanddisplays8.7 Driverradio8.8 Accidentdatarecorders(ADR)andhighspeedaccidentcameras8.9 Tracksignalinformationdisplay8.10 Medicalwarningsystem8.11 InstallationofelectricalsystemsorcomponentsARTICLE9:TRANSMISSIONSYSTEM 53-569.1 Transmissiontypes9.2 Clutchcontrol9.3 Tractioncontrol9.4 Clutchdisengagement9.5 Gearboxes9.6 Gearratios9.7 Reversegear9.8 Gearchanging9.9 TorquetransfersystemsARTICLE10:SUSPENSIONANDSTEERINGSYSTEMS 57-5810.1 Sprungsuspension10.2 Suspensiongeometry10.3 Suspensionmembers10.4 Steering10.5 SuspensionuprightsARTICLE11:BRAKESYSTEM 59-6011.1 Brakecircuitsandpressuredistribution11.2 Brakecalipers11.3 Brakediscsandpads11.4 Airducts11.5 Brakepressuremodulation11.6 Liquidcooling11.7 Rearbrakecontrolsystem

ARTICLE12:WHEELSANDTYRES 61-6212.1 Location12.2 Numberofwheels12.3 Wheelmaterial12.4 Wheeldimensions12.5 Supplyoftyres12.6 Specificationoftyres12.7 Treatmentoftyres12.8 Wheelassembly

ARTICLE13:COCKPIT 63-6413.1 Cockpitopening13.2 Steeringwheel13.3 Internalcrosssection13.4 Positionofthedriver’sfeet

ARTICLE14:SAFETYEQUIPMENT 65-6814.1 Fireextinguishers14.2 Masterswitch14.3 Rearviewmirrors14.4 Safetybelts14.5 Rearlight14.6 Cockpitpadding14.7 Wheelretention14.8 Seatfixingandremoval14.9 Headandnecksupports

ARTICLE15:CARCONSTRUCTION 69-7515.1 Permittedmaterials15.2 Rollstructures15.3 Structurebehindthedriver15.4 Survivalcellspecifications15.5 Survivalcellsafetyrequirements

ARTICLE16:IMPACTTESTING 76-7816.1 Conditionsapplicabletoallimpacttests16.2 Frontaltest116.3 Frontaltest216.4 Reartest16.5 Steeringcolumntest

ARTICLE17:ROLLSTRUCTURETESTING 7917.1 Conditionsapplicabletobothrollstructuretests17.2 Principalrollstructuretest17.3 Secondrollstructuretest

ARTICLE18:STATICLOADTESTING 80-8318.1 Conditionsapplicabletoallstaticloadtests18.2 Survivalcellsidetests18.3 Fueltankfloortest18.4 Cockpitfloortest18.5 Cockpitrimtests18.6 Nosepushofftest18.7 Sideintrusiontest18.8 Rearimpactstructurepushofftest18.9 Sideimpactstructurepushofftests18.10Sideimpactstructuresqueezetests

ARTICLE19:FUEL 84-8619.1 PurposeofArticle1919.2 Definitions19.3 Properties19.4 Compositionofthefuel19.5 Air19.6 Safety19.7 Fuelapproval19.8 SamplingandtestingatanEvent

ARTICLE20:TELEVISIONCAMERASANDTIMINGTRANSPONDERS 8720.1 Presenceofcamerasandcamerahousings20.2 Locationofcamerahousings20.3 Locationandfittingofcameraandequipment20.4 Transponders20.5 Installation

ARTICLE21:FINALTEXT 88

APPENDIX1:DRAWINGS 89-97

APPENDIX2:POWERUNITSYSTEMS,FUNCTIONSANDCOMPONENTS 98-99

APPENDIX3:POWERUNITENERGYFLOW 100-102

ARTICLE1:DEFINITIONS

1.1 FormulaOneCar:

Anautomobiledesignedsolelyforspeedracesoncircuitsorclosedcourses.

1.2 Automobile:

Alandvehiclerunningonatleastfournon-alignedcompletewheels,ofwhichatleasttwoareusedforsteeringandatleasttwoforpropulsion.

1.3 Landvehicle:

Alocomotivedevicepropelledbyitsownmeans,movingbyconstantlytakingrealsupportontheearth'ssurface,ofwhichthepropulsionandsteeringareunderthecontrolofadriveraboardthevehicle.

1.4 Bodywork:

Allentirelysprungpartsofthecarincontactwiththeexternalairstream,exceptcameras,camerahousingsandthepartsdefinitelyassociatedwiththemechanicalfunctioningoftheengine,transmissionandrunninggear.Airboxes,radiatorsandengineexhaustsareconsideredtobepartofthebodywork.

1.5 Wheel:

Flangeandrim.

1.6 Completewheel:

Wheelandinflatedtyre.Thecompletewheelisconsideredpartofthesuspensionsystem.

1.7 AutomobileMake:

InthecaseofFormularacingcars,anautomobilemakeisacompletecar.Whenthecarmanufacturerfitsanenginewhichitdoesnotmanufacture,thecarshallbeconsideredahybridandthenameoftheenginemanufacturershallbeassociatedwiththatofthecarmanufacturer.Thenameofthecarmanufacturermustalwaysprecedethatoftheenginemanufacturer.ShouldahybridcarwinaChampionshipTitle,CuporTrophy,thiswillbeawardedtothemanufacturerofthecar.

1.8 Event:

AnyevententeredintotheFIAF1ChampionshipCalendarforanyyearcommencingatthescheduledtimeforscrutineeringandsportingchecksandincludingallpracticeandtheraceitselfandendingatthelaterofthetimeforthelodgingofaprotestunderthetermsoftheSportingCodeandthetimewhenatechnicalorsportingverificationhasbeencarriedoutunderthetermsofthatCode.

1.9 Weight:

Istheweightofthecarwiththedriver,wearinghiscompleteracingapparel,atalltimesduringtheEvent.

1.10 Enginecubiccapacity:

Thevolumesweptinthecylindersoftheenginebythemovementofthepistons.Thisvolumeshallbeexpressedincubiccentimetres.Incalculatingenginecubiccapacity,thenumberPishallbe3.1416.

1.11 Pressurecharging:

Increasingtheweightofthechargeofthefuel/airmixtureinthecombustionchamber(overtheweightinducedbynormalatmosphericpressure,rameffectanddynamiceffectsintheintakeand/orexhaustsystem)byanymeanswhatsoever.Theinjectionoffuelunderpressureisnotconsideredtobepressurecharging.

1.12 Cockpit:

Thevolumewhichaccommodatesthedriver.

1.13 Sprungsuspension:

Themeanswherebyallcompletewheelsaresuspendedfromthebody/chassisunitbyaspringmedium.

1.14 Survivalcell:

Acontinuousclosedstructurecontainingthefueltank,thecockpitandthepartsoftheESdefinedinArticle5.4.3.

1.15 Camera:

TelevisioncamerasthedimensionsofwhicharedefinedinDrawing6.

1.16 Camerahousing:

Adevicewhichisidenticalinshapeandweighttoacameraandwhichissuppliedbytherelevantcompetitorforfittingtohiscarinlieuofacamera.

1.17 Cockpitpadding:

Non-structuralpartsplacedwithinthecockpitforthesolepurposeofimprovingdrivercomfortandsafety.Allsuchmaterialmustbequicklyremovablewithouttheuseoftools.

1.18 Brakecaliper:

Allpartsofthebrakingsystemoutsidethesurvivalcell,otherthanbrakediscs,brakepads,caliperpistons,componentsdirectlyassociatedwiththesystemreferredtoinArticle11.7,brakehosesandfittings,whicharestressedwhensubjectedtothebrakingpressure.Boltsorstudswhichareusedforattachmentarenotconsideredtobepartofthebrakingsystem.

1.19 Electronicallycontrolled:

Anycommandsystemorprocessthatutilisessemi-conductororthermionictechnology.

1.20 Openandclosedsections:

Asectionwillbeconsideredclosedifitisfullycompletewithinthedimensionedboundarytowhichitisreferenced,ifitisnotitwillbeconsideredopen.

1.21 Powertrain:

Thepowerunitandassociatedtorquetransmissionsystems,uptobutnotincludingthedriveshafts.

1.22 Powerunit:

Theinternalcombustionengine,completewithitsancillaries,anyenergyrecoverysystemandallactuationsystemsnecessarytomakethemfunctionatalltimes.

1.23 Engine

Theinternalcombustionengineincludingancillariesandactuatorsystemsnecessaryforitsproperfunction.

1.24 EnergyRecoverySystem(ERS):

Asystemthatisdesignedtorecoverenergyfromthecar,storethatenergyandmakeitavailabletopropelthecarand,optionally,todriveanyancillariesandactuationsystemsnecessaryforitsproperfunction.

1.25 MotorGeneratorUnit-Kinetic(MGU-K):

TheKineticMotorGeneratorUnitistheelectricalmachinemechanicallylinkedtothedrivetrainaspartoftheERS.

1.26 MotorGeneratorUnit-Heat(MGU-H):

TheHeatMotorGeneratorUnitistheelectricalmachinelinkedtotheexhaustturbineofapressurechargingsystemaspartoftheERS.

1.27 EnergyStore(ES):

ThepartofERSthatstoresenergy,includingitssafetycontrolelectronicsandaminimalhousing.

1.28 CompressorInlet:

Acomponentcontainingaductofclosedcrosssectionthroughwhichallcombustionairentersanycompressor;theductmustextendupstreamofanypartofanyvariablegeometrydevicepermittedbyArticle5.9.

1.29 CompressorOutlet:

Acomponentcontainingaductofclosedcrosssectionthroughwhichallcombustionairexitsanycompressor.

ARTICLE2:GENERALPRINCIPLES

2.1 RoleoftheFIA:

ThefollowingtechnicalregulationsforFormulaOnecarsareissuedbytheFIA.

2.2 Amendmentstotheregulations:

TheseTechnicalRegulationsmayonlybechangedafter30April2016withtheunanimousagreementofallcompetitorsenteredinthe2017Championship,saveforchangesmadebytheFIAforsafetyreasonswhichmaycomeintoeffectwithoutnoticeordelay.

2.3 Dangerousconstruction:

Thestewardsofthemeetingmayexcludeavehiclewhoseconstructionisdeemedtobedangerous.

2.4 Compliancewiththeregulations:

AutomobilesmustcomplywiththeseregulationsintheirentiretyatalltimesduringanEvent.

Shouldacompetitorintroduceanewdesignorsystemorfeelthatanyaspectoftheseregulationsisunclear,clarificationmaybesoughtfromtheFIAFormulaOneTechnicalDepartment.Ifclarificationrelatestoanynewdesignorsystem,correspondencemustinclude:

a) Afulldescriptionofthedesignorsystem.

b) Drawingsorschematicswhereappropriate.

c) Thecompetitor'sopinionconcerningtheimmediateimplicationsonotherpartsofthecarofanyproposednewdesign.

d) Thecompetitor'sopinionconcerninganypossiblelongtermconsequencesornewdevelopmentswhichmaycomefromusinganysuchnewdesignsorsystems.

e) Theprecisewayorwaysinwhichthecompetitorfeelsthenewdesignorsystemwillenhancetheperformanceofthecar.

2.5 Newsystemsortechnologies:

Anynewsystem,procedureortechnologynotspecificallycoveredbytheseregulations,butwhichisdeemedpermissiblebytheFIAFormulaOneTechnicalDepartment,willonlybeadmitteduntiltheendoftheChampionshipduringwhichitisintroduced.FollowingthistheFormulaOneCommissionwillbeaskedtoreviewthetechnologyconcernedand,iftheyfeelitaddsnovaluetoFormulaOneingeneral,itwillbespecificallyprohibited.

Anyteamwhosetechnologyisprohibitedinthiswaywillthenberequiredtopublishfulltechnicaldetailsoftherelevantsystemorprocedure.

2.6 Measurements:

Allmeasurementsmustbemadewhilethecarisstationaryonaflathorizontalsurface.

2.7 DutyofCompetitor:

ItisthedutyofeachcompetitortosatisfytheFIAtechnicaldelegateandthestewardsofthemeetingthathisautomobilecomplieswiththeseregulationsintheirentiretyatalltimesduringanEvent.

Thedesignofthecar,itscomponentsandsystemsshall,withtheexceptionofsafetyfeatures,demonstratetheircompliancewiththeseregulationsbymeansofphysicalinspectionofhardwareormaterials.Nomechanicaldesignmayrelyuponsoftwareinspectionasameansofensuringitscompliance.

ARTICLE3:BODYWORKANDDIMENSIONS

Infiniteprecisioncanbeassumedoncertaindimensionsprovideditisclearthatsuchanassumptionisnotbeingmadeinordertocircumventorsubverttheintentionoftherelevantregulation.

Sectiontitles,Articletitlesanddrawings,withinthisarticle,havenoregulatoryvalue.

3.1 Definitions

3.1.1 WheelcentrelineThecentrelineofanywheelshallbedeemedtobehalfwaybetweentwostraightedges,perpendiculartothesurfaceonwhichthecarisstanding,placedagainstoppositesidesofthecompletewheelatthecentreofthetyretread.

3.1.2 Heightmeasurements

AllheightmeasurementswillbetakennormaltoandfromthereferenceplanedefinedinArticle3.7.1.

3.1.3 Distances

Allmeasurementsrelativetowheelcentrelines,carcentrelineandsurvivalcellplanes(referringtoDrawing5)willbetakenparalleltothereferenceplanedefinedinArticle3.7.1.

3.2 Overalldimensions

3.2.1 Height

Nopartofthebodyworkmaybemorethan950mmabovethereferenceplane.

3.2.2 Width

Theoverallwidthofthecar,excludingtyres,mustnotexceed2000mmwiththesteeredwheelsinthestraightaheadposition.

Bodyworkwidthbetweenthefrontandtherearwheelcentrelinesmustnotexceed1600mm.

3.2.3 Overhangs

Nopartofthecarmaybemorethan710mmbehindtherearwheelcentrelineormorethan1200mminfrontofthefrontwheelcentreline.

3.3 Frontwing

3.3.1 Overalldimensions

Allbodyworksituatedforwardofapointlying330mmbehindthefrontwheelcentreline,andmorethan250mmfromthecarcentreline,mustbenolessthan75mmandnomorethan275mmabovethereferenceplane.

Whenviewedfromabove,thisbodyworkmustliewithintheareaenclosedbytheintersectionoffourlines:

a) Adiagonallinefromapoint1200mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentrelineandonthecarcentrelinetoapoint1000mminfrontofthefrontwheelcentrelineand900mmfromthecarcentreline.

b) Alongitudinallineparalleltoand900mmfromthecarcentreline.

c) Adiagonallinefromapoint650mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentrelineandonthecarcentrelinetoapoint450mminfrontofthefrontwheelcentrelineand900mmfromthecarcentreline.

d) Alongitudinallineparalleltoand250mmfromthecarcentreline.

3.3.2 Mandatorycentralsection

Forwardofapointlying450mmaheadofthefrontwheelcentrelineandlessthan250mmfromthecarcentrelineandlessthan125mmabovethereferenceplane,onlyonesinglesectionmaybecontainedwithinanylongitudinalverticalcrosssectionparalleltothecarcentreline.Thissectionmaynotcontainanyclosedchanneltheeffectofwhichistoductairdirectlyorindirectlytoorfromtheexternalairstreamforanypurposeotherthandataacquisition.

Furthermore,withtheexceptionoflocalchangesofsectionwherethebodyworkdefinedinArticle3.3.3attachestoit,thissectionmustconformtotheprofileandincidencedefinedbythecoordinatesspecifiedinDrawing7anditslowertrailingedgepointmustbe86.650mmabovethereferenceplane.

Whenviewedfromabove,theforwardperipheryofthebodyworkdefinedinthisareamustfollowaprofiledefinedby:

a) Adiagonallinefromapoint1200mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentrelineandonthecarcentrelinetoapoint1000mminfrontofthefrontwheelcentrelineand900mmfromthecarcentreline.

b) A500mmradiustangenttothislineandperpendiculartothecarcentrelineatthecarcentrelinewithitscentrelessthan1200mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentreline.Oncethe500mmradiusisdefined,thediagonallineistrimmedtotheintersectionpointwiththeradius,retainingtheoutboardsegment.

3.3.3 Pylons

Anyhorizontalsectiontakenthroughbodyworklocatedforwardofapointlying450mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentreline,lessthan250mmfromthecarcentreline,andbetween125mmand135mmabovethereferenceplane,mayonlycontaintwoclosedsymmetricalsectionswithamaximumtotalareaof5000mm2.Thethicknessofeachsectionmaynotexceed25mmwhenmeasuredperpendiculartothecarcentreline.

Oncefullydefined,thesectionsat125mmabovethereferenceplanemustbeprojectedverticallytojointheprofilerequiredbyArticle3.3.2.Aradiusnogreaterthan10mmmaybeusedwherethesesectionsjoin.

3.3.4 Endplates

Aheadofthefrontwheelcentrelineandbetween760mmand850mmfromthecarcentrelinetheremustbebodyworkwithaprojectedareaofnolessthan95,000mm2insideview.

3.3.5 Tyredamage

Inordertopreventtyredamagetoothercars,anybodyworkoutboardofthemostinboardpartofthebodyworkusedtodefinethearearequiredbyArticle3.3.4,andwhichismorethan450mmaheadofthefrontwheelcentreline,mustbeatleast10mmthick(beingtheminimumdistancewhenmeasurednormaltothesurfaceinanydirection)witha5mmradiusappliedtoallextremities.

Inaddition,theleading30mmofthisbodyworkmustbeofprescribedlaminate,detailsofthislaminatemaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

3.4 Frontbodywork

3.4.1 Noseshape

Onlyasinglesection,whichmustbeopen,maybecontainedwithinanylongitudinalverticalcrosssectiontakenparalleltothecarcentrelineforwardofapoint150mmaheadofthefrontwheelcentreline,lessthan250mmfromthecarcentrelineandmorethan125mmabovethereferenceplane.

AnycamerasorcamerahousingsapprovedbytheFIA(andthepartsusedtoattachthesetothebodyworkuptoawidthof15mminthedirectionperpendiculartothecarcentreline),inadditiontoasingleinletapertureforthepurposeofdrivercooling,suchaperturehavingamaximumprojectedsurfaceareaof1500mm2andbeingsituatedforwardofthesectionreferredtoinArticle15.4.3(a),willbeexemptfromtheabove.

3.4.2 Noseandchassismaximumheight

Withtheexceptionofpitottubesandantenna,nobodyworksituatedforwardofthelineA-AreferredtoinDrawing5,whichislessthan250mmfromcarcentreline,mayextendaboveadiagonallinefromapointonA-Aand550mmabovethereferenceplanetoapoint50mmrearwardoftheforward-mostpointoftheimpactabsorbingstructuredefinedinArticle15.4.3and220mmabovethereferenceplane.Nobodyworklessthan250mmfromcarcentreline,andwhichissituatedforwardoftheforward-mostpointofthisdiagonalline,maybemorethan220mmabovethereferenceplane.

Withtheexceptionofatransparentwindscreen,antennaorpitottubes,nobodyworksituatedbetweenthelineA-AreferredtoinDrawing5andthesecondaryrollstructuremayliemorethan625mmabovethereferenceplane.

AnybodyworksituatedabovetheimpactabsorbingstructuredefinedbyArticle15.4.3orabovethesurvivalcell,andforwardofthelineB-B,mustbeofprescribedlaminate,detailsofthislaminatemaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

3.4.3 Exclusionvolumeunderthenoseandchassis

Insideview,theremustbenobodyworkintheareaformedbytwoverticallines,one425mmbehindthefrontwheelcentreline,one450mmaheadofthefrontwheelcentreline,onediagonallineintersectingtheverticallinesat100mmand135mmabovethereferenceplanerespectively,andonehorizontallineonthereferenceplane.

3.4.4 Exclusionvolumearoundthefrontwheels

WiththeexceptionofthemirrorsdescribedinArticle3.5.2,inplanview,theremustbenobodyworkintheareaenclosedbytheintersectionofthefollowinglines:

a) Alongitudinallineparalleltoand1000mmfromthecarcentreline.

b) Atransverseline450mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentreline.

c) Adiagonallinerunningrearwardsandoutwards,fromapoint875mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentrelineand250mmfromthecarcentreline,atanangleof28°tothecarcentreline.

d) Atransverseline875mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentreline.

e) Alongitudinallineparalleltoand165mmfromthecarcentreline.

f) Adiagonallinerunningforwardsandinwards,fromapoint430mmrearwardofthefrontwheelcentrelineand240mmfromthecarcentreline,atanangleof4.5°tothecarcentreline.

g) Adiagonallinefrom430mmrearwardofthefrontwheelcentrelineand240mmfromthecarcentrelineto550mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateand1000mmfromthecarcentreline.

3.5 Rearbodywork

3.5.1 Enginecover

a) Withtheexceptionoftheopeningdescribedinc),whenviewedfromtheside,thecarmusthavebodyworkintheareaboundedbyfourlines:onevertical1330mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline,onehorizontal550mmabovethereferenceplane,onehorizontal925mmabovethereferenceplaneandonediagonalwhichintersectsthe925mmhorizontalatapoint1000mmforwardoftherearwheelcentrelineandthe550mmhorizontalatapointlying50mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline.

Bodyworkwithinthisareamustbearrangedsymmetricallyaboutthecarcentrelineand,whenmeasured200mmverticallybelowthediagonalboundaryline,musthaveminimumwidthsof150mmand50mmrespectivelyatpointslying1000mmand50mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline.Thisbodyworkmustlieonoroutsidetheboundarydefinedbyalineartaperbetweentheseminimumwidths.

b) Bodyworklyingverticallyabovetheupperboundaryasdefinedina)maybenowiderthan125mmandmustbearrangedsymmetricallyaboutthecarcentreline.

c) Inorderthatacarmaybeliftedquicklyintheeventofitstoppingonthecircuit,theprincipalrolloverstructuremustincorporateaclearlyvisibleunobstructedopeningdesignedtopermitastrap,whosesectionmeasures60mmx30mm,topassthroughit.

3.5.2 Sidepodsheight

a) Otherthantherearviewmirrors(includingtheirmountings),eachwithamaximumareaof12000mm²and14000mm²whenviewedfromdirectlyaboveordirectlyfromthesiderespectively,nobodyworksituatedmorethan330mmbehindthefrontwheelcentrelineandmorethan330mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline,whichismorethan600mmabovethereferenceplane,maybemorethan320mmfromthecarcentreline.

b) Nobodyworkbetweentherearwheelcentrelineandaline800mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline,whichismorethan375mmfromthecarcentreline,maybemorethan500mmabovethereferenceplane.

c) Nobodyworkbetweentherearwheelcentrelineandaline400mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline,whichismorethan375mmfromthecarcentreline,maybemorethan300mmabovethereferenceplane.

3.5.3 Sideimpactstructures

TheimpactabsorbingstructuresdefinedbyArticle15.5.2mustbefullyenclosedbybodywork,suchthatnopartoftheimpactstructureisincontactwiththeexternalairflow.Whencutbyalongitudinalverticalplane,thebodyworkenclosingtheseimpactstructuresmustnotformclosedsectionsintheregionbetween300mmand875mmforwardoftherearedgeofthecockpittemplate.

3.5.4 Sidepodsleadingedge

Nopartoftheareaenclosedbytheintersectionofthefollowinglines,onaplane500mmaboveandparalleltothereferenceplane,maybevisiblefromdirectlyabovethecar:

c) Adiagonallinerunningrearwardsandoutwards,fromapoint600mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateand320mmfromthecarcentreline,atanangleof75°tothecarcentreline.

d) Adiagonallinerunningrearwardsandoutwards,fromapoint400mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateand320mmfromthecarcentreline,atanangleof75°tothecarcentreline.

3.5.5 Exclusionvolumeaheadofthesidepods

WiththeexceptionofthemirrorsdescribedinArticle3.5.2,theremustbenobodywork,inplanview,intheareaenclosedbytheintersectionofthefollowinglines:

c) Adiagonallinerunningrearwardsandoutwards,fromapoint700mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateand320mmfromthecarcentreline,atanangleof75°tothecarcentreline.

3.5.6 Bargeboardsheight

WiththeexceptionofthemirrorsdefinedinArticle3.5.2,nobodyworkwhich,inplanview,isintheareaenclosedbytheintersectionofthefollowinglinesmaybemorethan475mmabovethereferenceplane:

c) Atransverseline430mmrearwardofthefrontwheelcentreline.

3.5.7 Bodyworkshape(R75rule)

Anyverticalcrosssectionofbodyworknormaltothecarcentrelinesituatedinthevolumesdefinedbelowmustformonetangentcontinuouscurveonitsexternalsurface.Thistangentcontinuouscurvemaynotcontainanyradiuslessthan75mm:

a) Thevolumebetween175mmforwardoftherearwheelcentrelineand300mmrearwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate,whichismorethan25mmfromthecarcentrelineandmorethan100mmabovethereferenceplane.

b) Thevolumebetween100mmand300mmrearwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate,whichismorethan125mmfromthecarcentrelineandmorethan100mmabovethereferenceplane.

c) Thevolumebetween100mmrearwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateand300mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate,whichismorethan360mmfromthecarcentrelineandmorethan100mmabovethereferenceplane.

d) Thevolumebetween100mmrearwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateand450mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate,whichismorethan125mmfromthecarcentrelineandmorethan695mmabovethereferenceplane.

e) Thevolumebetween50mmand175mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline,whichismorethan25mmfromthecarcentrelineandmorethan175mmabovethereferenceplane.

Thesurfaceslyingwithinthesevolumes,whicharesituatedmorethan55mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline,mustnotcontainanyapertures(otherthanthosepermittedbyArticle3.5.8)orcontainanyverticalsurfaceswhichlienormaltothecarcentreline.

3.5.8 Apertures

OncetherelevantbodyworksurfacesaredefinedinaccordancewithArticle3.5.7,apertures,anyofwhichmayadjoinoroverlapeachother,maybeaddedforthepurposeofallowingsuspensionmembersanddriveshaftstoprotrudethroughthebodywork.Onlyoneaperturemaybeaddedforeachsuspensionmemberandnosuchaperturemayhaveanareagreaterthan12,000mm2whenprojectedontothesurfaceitself.Nopointonanaperturemaybemorethan200mmfromanyotherpointontheaperture.

3.6 Rearwingandrearimpactstructure

3.6.1 Height

Nopartofthebodyworkbehindtherearwheelcentrelinemaybemorethan800mmabovethereferenceplane.

3.6.2 Width

a) Thewidthofbodyworkbehindtherearwheelcentrelineandmorethan450mmabovethereferenceplanemustnotexceed950mm.

b) Thewidthofbodyworkbehindtherearwheelcentrelineandbetween200mmand450mmabovethereferenceplanemustnotexceed840mm.

3.6.3 Rearwingprofiles

OtherthanthebodyworkdefinedinArticle3.6.6,anybodyworkbehindtherearwheelcentrelinewhichismorethan600mmabovethereferenceplane,andlessthan455mmfromthecarcentreline,mustlieinanareawhenviewedfromthesideofthecarthatissituatedbetween150mmand500mmrearwardoftherearwheelcentreline.

WiththeexceptionofthebodyworkassociatedwithadjustmentofthesectioninaccordancewithArticle3.6.8:

a) Whenviewedfromthesideofthecar,nolongitudinalverticalcrosssectionmayhavemorethantwosectionsinthisarea,eachofwhichmustbeclosed.

b) Nopartoftheselongitudinalverticalcrosssectionsincontactwiththeexternalairstreammayhavealocalconcaveradiusofcurvaturesmallerthan100mm.

AnybodyworkassociatedwiththeadjustmentoftherearmostsectioninaccordancewithArticle3.6.8mustbelocatedeitherlessthan25mmfromthelongitudinalcentrelineofcarormorethan450mmfromthelongitudinalcentrelineofthecar.

Oncetherearmostanduppermostsectionisdefined,‘gurney’typetrimtabsmaybefittedtothetrailingedge.Whenmeasuredinanylongitudinalverticalcrosssectionnodimensionofanysuchtrimtabmayexceed20mm.

Thechordoftherearmostanduppermostclosedsectionmustalwaysbesmallerthanthechordofthelowermostsectionatthesamelateralstation.

Furthermore,thedistancebetweenadjacentsectionsatanylongitudinalverticalplanemustliebetween10mmand15mmattheirclosestposition,except,inaccordancewithArticle3.6.8,whenthisdistancemustliebetween10mmand65mm.

3.6.4 Separators

InordertoensurethattheindividualprofilesandtherelationshipbetweenthesetwosectionscanonlychangewhilstthecarisinmotioninaccordancewithArticle3.6.8,theymustbebridgedbymeansofpairsofrigidimpervioussupportsarrangedsuchthatnopartofthetrailingedgeoftheforwardsectionmaybemorethan250mmlaterallyfromapairofsupports.Thesepairsofsupportsmust:

a) Belocatednomorethan455mmfromthecarcentreline.

b) Fullyencloseeachcompletesectionsuchthattheirinnerprofilesmatchthatofeachsection.Withtheexceptionofminimallocalchangeswherethetwosectionsareadjacenttoeachother,theirouterprofilesmustbeoffsetfromtheinnerprofilesbybetween8mmand30mmandmaynotincorporateanyradiussmallerthan10mm(‘gurney’typetrimtabsmayhoweverbefittedbetweenthesupports).

c) Bealignedasapairsoastoprovideabearingacrosstheirfullthicknessandalongaprofilelengthofatleast10mmwhenthedistancebetweenthetwosectionsisatitsclosestposition.

d) Notberecessedintothewingprofiles(wherearecessisdefinedasareductioninsectionatarategreaterthan45°withrespecttoalateralaxis).

e) Bearrangedsothatanycurvatureoccursonlyinahorizontalplane(otherthanwhenthisbodyworkisadjustedinaccordancewithArticle3.6.8).

f) Bebetween2mmand5mmthick.

g) Berigidlyfixedtotheirrespectivesections.

h) Beconstructedfromamaterialwithmodulusgreaterthan50GPa.

ThesesupportswillbeignoredwhenassessingwhetherthecarisincompliancewithArticles3.6.1,3.6.3,3.6.5,3.6.6and3.6.7.

3.6.5 Rearimpactstructure

Anypartsofthecarlessthan100mmfromthecarcentrelineandmorethan500mmbehindtherearwheelcentrelinemustbesituatedbetween200mmand400mmabovethereferenceplane.

3.6.6 Pylons

Anyhorizontalsectionbetween550mmand600mmabovethereferenceplane,takenthroughbodyworklocatedrearwardofapointlying50mmforwardoftherearwheelcentrelineandlessthan100mmfromthecarcentreline,maycontainnomorethantwoclosedsymmetricalsectionswithamaximumtotalareaof5000mm².Thethicknessofeachsectionmaynotexceed25mmwhenmeasuredperpendiculartothecarcentreline.

Oncefullydefined,thesectionat595mmabovethereferenceplanemaybeextrudedupwardstojointhesectionsdefinedinArticle3.6.3.Afilletradiusnogreaterthan10mmmaybeusedwherethesesectionsjoin.

3.6.7 Endplates

a) Insideview,theprojectedareaofanybodyworklyingbetween300mmand800mmabovethereferenceplaneandbetweentherearwheelcentrelineandapoint710mmbehinditandmorethan400mmfromthecarcentrelinemustbegreaterthan230000mm².

b) Anybodyworkbehindtherearwheelcentreline,morethan100mmfromthecarcentreline,andbetween200mmand600mmabovethereferenceplanemustlieinanareamorethan400mmfromthecarcentreline.Onanyhorizontalsectionthroughthebodyworkinthisarea,atanygivenlongitudinalpositionalongthissection,thedistancebetweentheinnerandoutersurfacesmustnotexceed20mmmeasuredperpendiculartothecarcentreline.

c) Insideview,nobodyworkrearwardoftherearwheelcentreline,andbetween100mmand475mmfromthecarcentreline,maybesituatedverticallyaboveadiagonallinewhichhastheforwardpoint370mmabovethereferenceplaneandontherearwheelcentrelineandtherearwardpoint800mmabovethereferenceplaneand190mmrearwardoftherearwheelcentreline.

d) Insideview,nobodyworkrearwardoftherearwheelcentreline,andbetween100mmand475mmfromthecarcentreline,maybesituatedrearwardofadiagonallinewhichhastheforwardpoint200mmabovethereferenceplaneand450mmrearwardoftherearwheelcentrelineandtherearwardpoint800mmabovethereferenceplaneand710mmrearwardoftherearwheelcentreline.

3.6.8 Dragreductionsystem(DRS)

TheincidenceoftherearmostanduppermostclosedsectiondescribedinArticle3.6.3maybevariedwhilstthecarisinmotionprovided:

a) Itcomprisesonlyonecomponentthatmustbesymmetricallyarrangedaboutthecarcentrelinewithaminimumwidthof908mm.

b) Withtheexceptionofminimalpartssolelyassociatedwithadjustmentofthesection,nopartsofthesectionincontactwiththeexternalairstreammaybelocatedanymorethan455mmfromthecarcentreline.

c) Withtheexceptionofanyminimalpartssolelyassociatedwithadjustmentoftherearmostanduppermostsection,twoclosedsectionsareusedintheareadescribedinArticle3.6.3.

d) Anysuchvariationofincidencemaintainscompliancewithallofthebodyworkregulations.

e) Itcannotbeusedtochangethegeometryofanyduct,eitherdirectlyorindirectly,otherthanthechangetothedistancebetweenadjacentsectionspermittedbyArticle3.6.3..

f) Whenviewedfromthesideofthecaratanylongitudinalverticalcrosssection,thephysicalpointofrotationoftherearmostanduppermostclosedsectionmustbefixedandlocatednomorethan20mmbelowtheupperextremityandnomorethan20mmforwardoftherearextremityoftheareadescribedinArticle3.6.3atalltimes.

g) Thedesignissuchthatfailureofthesystemwillresultintheuppermostclosedsectionreturningtothenormalhighincidenceposition.

h) AnyalterationoftheincidenceoftheuppermostclosedsectionmayonlybecommandedbydirectdriverinputandcontrolledusingthecontrolelectronicsspecifiedinArticle8.2.

3.7 Flooranddiffuser

CompliancewiththisArticlemustbedemonstratedwithallunsprungpartsofthecarremoved.

3.7.1 Stepandreferenceplanes

WiththepartsreferredtoinArticles3.7.10,3.7.11and3.7.12removedallsprungpartsofthecarsituatedfrom430mmbehindthefrontwheelcentrelineto175mminfrontoftherearwheelcentreline,andwhicharevisiblefromunderneath,mustformsurfaceswhichlieononeoftwoparallelplanes,thereferenceplaneorthestepplane.Thisdoesnotapplytoanypartsofrearviewmirrorswhicharevisible,providedeachoftheseareasdoesnotexceed12000mm²whenprojectedtoahorizontalplaneabovethecar.

Thestepplanemustbe50mmabovethereferenceplane.

Additionally,thesurfaceformedbyallpartslyingonthereferenceplanemust:

a) Covertheareawhichisboundedbytwotransversallines,one430mmbehindthefrontwheelcentrelineandtheotherontherearwheelcentreline,andtwolongitudinallines150mmeithersideofthecarcentreline.

b) Haveamaximumwidthof500mm.

c) Besymmetricalaboutthecarcentreline.

d) Havea50mmradius(+/-2mm)oneachfrontcornerwhenviewedfromdirectlybeneaththecar,thisbeingappliedafterthesurfacehasbeendefined.

3.7.2 Transition

Thesurfacelyingonthereferenceplanemustbejoinedarounditsperipherytothesurfaceslyingonthestepplanebyaverticaltransition.Ifthereisnosurfacevisibleonthestepplaneverticallyaboveanypointaroundtheperipheryofthereferenceplane,thistransitionisnotnecessary.

3.7.3 Boundaries

Thesurfacelyingonthereferenceplanemaybecurvedupwardsatitsboundarieswithanarcofconstantcurvaturewhoseradiusofcurvatureisnogreaterthan25mm,withnoinflection,whichistangentialtothesurfaceandappliedperpendiculartotheboundary.Innocasemaythearcstartfurtherthan25mmfromtheboundary(whenmeasuredonthesurfaceandperpendiculartothisboundary).

Wheretheverticaltransitionmeetsthesurfacesonthestepplanearadiusnogreaterthan25mmispermitted(aradiusinthiscontextwillbeconsideredasanarcofconstantcurvatureappliedperpendiculartotheboundaryandtangentialtobothsurfaces).

Thesurfaceslyingonthestepplanewhichdonotmeetoneoftheverticaltransitionsmaybecurvedupwardsattheirboundarieswithanarcwhoseradiusofcurvatureisnogreaterthan100mmatanypoint,withnoinflection,whichistangentialtothesurfaceandappliedperpendiculartotheboundary.Innocasemaythearcstartfurtherthan100mmfromtheboundary(whenmeasuredonthesurfaceandperpendiculartothisboundary).

Thesurfacelyingonthereferenceplane,thesurfaceslyingonthestepplane,theverticaltransitionsbetweenthemandanysurfacesrearwardofthesurfaceslyingonthereferenceorstepplanes,mustfirstbefullydefinedbeforeanyradiuscanbeappliedorthepartsreferredtoinArticles3.7.10,3.7.11and3.7.12fitted.Anyradiusappliedisstillconsideredpartoftherelevantsurface.

3.7.4 Floorconstruction

Allpartslyingonthereferenceandstepplanes,inadditiontothetransitionbetweenthetwoplanes,mustproduceuniform,solid,hard,continuous(nofullyenclosedholes),rigid(nodegreeoffreedominrelationtothebody/chassisunit),impervioussurfacesunderallcircumstances.

Fullyenclosedholesareonlypermittedinthesurfaceslyingonthereferenceandstepplanesforwardofaline450mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate,providednopartofthecarisvisiblethroughthemwhenviewedfromdirectlybelow.Thisdoesnotapplytoanypartsofrearviewmirrorswhicharevisible,providedeachoftheseareasdoesnotexceed12000mm²whenprojectedtoahorizontalplaneabovethecar.

3.7.5 Tolerances

Tohelpovercomeanypossiblemanufacturingproblems,andnottopermitanydesignwhichmaycontraveneanypartoftheseregulations,thefollowingdimensionaltolerancesarepermittedonbodyworksituatedbetween430mmbehindthefrontwheelcentrelineandtherearwheelcentreline:averticaltoleranceof+/-3mmispermissibleacrossthesurfaceslyingonthereferenceandstepplanesandahorizontaltoleranceof3mmispermittedwhenassessingwhetherasurfaceisvisiblefrombeneaththecar.

3.7.6 Diffuserwidth

Thewidthofbodyworkbehindtherearwheelcentrelineandlessthan200mmabovethereferenceplanemustnotexceed1050mm.

3.7.7 Diffuserlength

Nopartofthecarbetween100mmand525mmfromthecarcentrelineandlessthan200mmabovethereferenceplanemaybemorethan350mmbehindtherearwheelcentreline.

3.7.8 Diffuserheightandconstruction

a) Nobodyworkwhichisvisiblefrombeneaththecarandwhichliesbetween175mminfrontoftherearwheelcentrelineandapoint350mmrearwardoftherearwheelcentrelinemaybemorethan175mmabovethereferenceplane.

Additionally,anybodyworkinthisareamustproduceuniform,solid,hard,continuous(nofullyenclosedholes),rigid(nodegreeoffreedominrelationtothebody/chassisunit),impervioussurfacesunderallcircumstances).

b) Allsprungpartsofthecarsituatedbehindaline175mminfrontoftherearwheelcentreline,whicharevisiblefromunderneathandaremorethan250mmfromthecarcentreline,mustbeatleast50mmabovethereferenceplane.

3.7.9 Continuity

a) Inanarealying450mmorlessfromthecarcentreline,andfrom450mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateto350mmrearwardoftherearwheelcentreline,anyintersectionofanybodyworkvisiblefrombeneaththecarwithalateralorlongitudinalverticalplaneshouldformonecontinuouslinewhichisvisiblefrombeneaththecar.

b) Inanarealying700mmorlessfromthecarcentreline,andfrom450mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateto350mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline,anyintersectionofanybodyworkvisiblefrombeneaththecarwithalateralorlongitudinalverticalplaneshouldformonecontinuouslinewhichisvisiblefrombeneaththecar.

3.7.10 Plank

Beneaththesurfaceformedbyallpartslyingonthereferenceplane,arectangularplank,witha50mmradius(+/-2mm)oneachfrontcorner,mustbefitted.Thisplankmaycomprisenomorethanthreepieces,theforwardoneofwhichmaynotbeanylessthan900mminlength,butmust:

a) Extendlongitudinallyfromapointlying430mmbehindthefrontwheelcentrelinetotherearwheelcentreline.

b) Haveawidthof300mmwithatoleranceof+/-2mm.

c) Bemadefromabondedassemblytheupper0.5mmofwhichmusthaveaspecificgravityofbetween1.3and1.65andtheremainderaspecificgravityofbetween1.3and1.45.

d) Haveathicknessof10mmwithatoleranceof+/-1mm.

e) Haveauniformthicknesswhennew.

f) Pocketingofthelower9.5mmoftheplankfromaboveispermittedbetween630mmto880mmandfrom1280mmbehindthefrontwheelcentreline,howeverthepocketdepthmaynotreducetheremainingplankmaterialthicknesstolessthan2mmfromeitherthelowestsurfacebelowthereferenceplanewhenneworthelowersurfaceofanyrecessesnecessarytofittheskidspermittedbyArticle3.7.11.Furthermore,theperipheryofanypocket,inanyhorizontalplaneparalleltothereferenceplane,mustbenotlessthan10mmfromeithertheedgesoftheplankoranyholesorrecessesintheplank.Inverticalcrosssectiontheinternalpocketfilletradiimustbeatleast3mmandinhorizontalcrosssection10mm.Pocketsmayonlybefilledwithamaterialhavingaspecificgravityoflessthan0.25.

g) HavenootherholesorcutoutsotherthanthosenecessarytofittheskidspermittedbyArticle3.7.11orthefastenerspermittedbyArticle3.7.12,orthoseholesspecificallymentionedinh)below.

h) HavesevenpreciselyplacedholesthepositionsofwhicharedetailedinDrawing1.Inordertoestablishtheconformityoftheplankassemblyafteruse,itsthicknesswillonlybemeasuredinthefour50mmdiameterholesandthetwoforward80mmdiameterholes,regardlessofwhetherplankorskidmaterialispresent(seeArticle3.7.11(a)).

Fourfurther10mmdiameterholesarepermittedprovidedtheirsolepurposeistoallowaccesstotheboltswhichsecuretheAccidentDataRecordertothesurvivalcell.

i) Befixedsymmetricallyaboutthecarcentrelineinsuchawaythatnoairmaypassbetweenthecompleteplankassemblyandthesurfaceformedbythepartslyingonthereferenceplane.

Theloweredgeoftheperipheryoftheplankmaybechamferedatanangleof30°toadepthof8mm,thetrailingedgehowevermaybechamferedoveradistanceof200mmtoadepthof8mm.

3.7.11 Skids

Thelowersurfaceoftheplankmaybefittedwithflushmountedmetalskidswhich:

a) Mayonlybefittedinplaceofplankmaterial.

b) Haveatotalareanogreaterthan20000mm²whenviewedfromdirectlybeneaththecar.

c) Arenogreaterthan4000mm²inareaindividuallywhenviewedfromdirectlybeneaththecar.

d) Arefittedinorderthattheirentirelowersurfacesarevisiblefromdirectlybeneaththecar.

e) Musthaveaminimumcrosssectionalthicknessof15mmacrossitsexternalboundariesinplanview.

Theminimumwallthicknessbetweenaninternalfixingholeandtheexternalboundariesoftheskidmustbenolessthan7.5mm.

f) Musthaveanuppersurfacenomorethan3mmbelowthereferenceplane.

g) MustbedesignedsuchthattheyaresecuredtothecarusingthefastenersdescribedinArticle3.7.12andthat,whenviewedfromdirectlybeneaththecar,nopartoftheskidismorethan50mmfromthecentrelineofafastenerwhichpassesthroughthatskid.

h) MustbemadefromTitaniumalloy.

3.7.12 Plankandskidsmounting

Theplankandskidsmustbefixedtothecarusingfastenerswhich:

a) ArenosmallerthanM6andaremadefromgrade12.9steel.

b) Ifusedtoattachaskidtothecar,mustemployatleast1fastenerper1000mm2ofskidarea.

c) Ifusedtoattachaskidtothecar,theteammustbeabletoshowbycalculationthattheshanksofthefasteners(whichmaybenolessthan6mmdiameter)aretheweakestpointintheattachmentoftheskidstothecar.

d) Mayusealoadspreadingwasherifrequired.

Thetotalareaofthefastenersandanyloadspreadingwashersemployedwiththemwhenviewedfromdirectlybeneaththecarmustbelessthan5000mm2.Theareaofanysinglefastenerplusitsloadspreadingwashermaynotexceed500mm².

Nopartofanyfastenerorloadspreadingwashermaybemorethan8mmbelowthereferenceplane.Fortheavoidanceofdoubt,theskidsreferredtoinArticle3.7.11willnotbetreatedasloadspreadingwashers.

3.8 Aerodynamicinfluence

WiththeexceptionoftheductsdescribedinArticle11.4,anyspecificpartofthecarinfluencingitsaerodynamicperformance:

a) Mustcomplywiththerulesrelatingtobodywork.

b) Mustberigidlysecuredtotheentirelysprungpartofthecar(rigidlysecuredmeansnothavinganydegreeoffreedom).

WiththeexceptionofthedriveradjustablebodyworkdescribedinArticle3.6.8(inadditiontominimalpartssolelyassociatedwithitsactuation)andtheductsdescribedinArticle11.4,anyspecificpartofthecarinfluencingitsaerodynamicperformancemustremainimmobileinrelationtothesprungpartofthecar.

Anydeviceorconstructionthatisdesignedtobridgethegapbetweenthesprungpartofthecarandthegroundisprohibitedunderallcircumstances.

Noparthavinganaerodynamicinfluenceandnopartofthebodywork,withtheexceptionofthepartsreferredtoinArticles3.7.10,3.7.11and3.7.12,mayunderanycircumstancesbelocatedbelowthereferenceplane.

WiththeexceptionofthepartsnecessaryfortheadjustmentdescribedinArticle3.6.8,anycarsystem,deviceorprocedurewhichusesdrivermovementasameansofalteringtheaerodynamiccharacteristicsofthecarisprohibited.

3.9 Bodyworkflexibility

3.9.1 Bodyworkmaydeflectnomorethan15mmverticallywhena1000Nloadisappliedverticallytoitatpoints675mmand975mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentrelineand795mmfromthecarcentreline.Theloadwillbeappliedinadownwarddirectionusinga50mmdiameterramonarectangularadaptermeasuring400mmx150mm.Thisadaptermustbesuppliedbytheteamand:

a) Haveaflattopsurfacewithoutrecesses.

b) Befittedtothecarsoastoapplythefullloadtothebodyworkatthetestpointandnottoincreasetherigidityofthepartsbeingtested.

c) Beplacedwiththeinner400mmedgeparalleltothecarcentrelineanddisplacedfromitby720mm.

d) Beplacedwithitsforwardedge1025mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentreline.

Thedeflectionwillbemeasuredalongtheloadingaxisatthebottomofthebodyworkatthispointandrelativetothereferenceplane.

3.9.2 Bodyworkmaydeflectnomorethan10mmverticallywhena500Nloadisappliedverticallytoit450mmforwardoftherearwheelcentrelineand650mmfromthecarcentreline.Theloadwillbeappliedinadownwarddirectionusinga50mmdiameterramandanadapterofthesamesize.Teamsmustsupplythelatterwhensuchatestisdeemednecessary.

3.9.3 Bodyworkmaydeflectbynomorethanonedegreehorizontallywhenaloadof1000Nisappliedsimultaneouslytoitsextremitiesinarearwarddirection775mmabovethereferenceplaneand20mmforwardoftheforwardedgeoftherearwingendplateat775mmabovethereferenceplane.

3.9.4 Bodyworkmaydeflectnomorethan2mmverticallywhena500Nloadisappliedsimultaneouslytoeachsideofit250mmbehindtherearwheelcentreline,325mmfromthecarcentrelineand820mmabovethereferenceplane.Thedeflectionwillbemeasuredattheouterextremitiesofthebodyworkatapoint395mmbehindtherearwheelcentreline.

Theloadwillbeappliedinadownwarddirectionthroughpadsmeasuring200mmx100mmwhichconformtotheshapeofthebodyworkbeneaththem,andwiththeiruppermosthorizontalsurface820mmabovethereferenceplane.Theloadwillbeappliedtothecentreofareaofthepads.Teamsmustsupplythelatterwhensuchatestisdeemednecessary.

3.9.5 Bodyworkmaydeflectnomorethan5mmverticallywhena4000Nloadisappliedverticallytoitatthreedifferentpointswhichlieonthecarcentrelineand100mmeithersideofit.Eachoftheseloadswillbeappliedinanupwarddirectionatapoint480mmrearwardofthefrontwheelcentrelineusinga50mmdiameterraminthetwoouterlocationsanda70mmdiameterramonthecarcentreline.

Staysorstructuresbetweenthefrontofthebodyworklyingonthereferenceplaneandthesurvivalcellmaybepresentforthistest,providedtheyarecompletelyrigidandhavenosystemormechanismwhichallowsnon-lineardeflectionduringanypartofthetest.

Furthermore,thebodyworkbeingtestedinthisareamaynotincludeanycomponentwhichiscapableofallowingmorethanthepermittedamountofdeflectionunderthetestload(includinganylineardeflectionabovethetestload),suchcomponentscouldinclude,butarenotlimitedto:

a) Joints,bearingspivotsoranyotherformofarticulation.

b) Dampers,hydraulicsoranyformoftimedependentcomponentorstructure.

c) Bucklingmembersoranycomponentordesignwhichmayhaveanynon-linearcharacteristics.

d) Anypartswhichmaysystematicallyorroutinelyexhibitpermanentdeformation.

3.9.6 Theuppermostaerofoilelementlyingbehindtherearwheelcentrelinemaydeflectnomorethan5mmhorizontallywhena500Nloadisappliedhorizontally.Theloadwillbeapplied800mmabovethereferenceplaneatthreeseparatepointswhichlieonthecarcentrelineand240mmeithersideofit.Theloadswillbeappliedinarearwarddirectionusingasuitable25mmwideadapterwhichmustbesuppliedbytherelevantteam.

3.9.7 Theforward-mostaerofoilelementlyingbehindtherearwheelcentrelineandwhichliesmorethan580mmabovethereferenceplanemaydeflectnomorethan2mmverticallywhena200Nloadisappliedvertically.Theloadwillbeappliedinlinewiththetrailingedgeoftheelementatanypointacrossitswidth.

Theloadswillbeappliedusingasuitableadapter,suppliedbytherelevantteam,which:

a) Maybenomorethan50mmwide.

b) Whichextendsnomorethan10mmforwardofthetrailingedge.

c) Incorporatesan8mmfemalethreadintheunderside.

3.9.8 Anypartofthetrailingedgeofanyfrontwingflapmaydeflectnomorethan5mm,whenmeasuredalongtheloadingaxis,whena60Npointloadisappliednormaltotheflap.

3.9.9 InordertoensurethattherequirementsofArticle3.8arerespected,theFIAreservestherighttointroducefurtherload/deflectiontestsonanypartofthebodyworkwhichappearstobe(orissuspectedof),movingwhilstthecarisinmotion.

3.10 Bodyworkconstruction

3.10.1 Inordertoavoidthespreadofdebrisonthetrackfollowinganaccident,theouterskinsofthefrontwingendplatesandanyturningvanesinthevicinityofthefrontwheels(andanysimilarlyvulnerablebodyworkpartsinthisarea),mustbemadepredominantlyfrommaterialswhichareincludedforthespecificpurposeofcontainingdebris.

TheFIAmustbesatisfiedthatallsuchpartsareconstructedinordertoachievethestatedobjective.

ARTICLE4:WEIGHT

4.1 Minimumweight:

Theweightofthecar,withoutfuel,mustnotbelessthan728kgatalltimesduringtheEvent.

If,whenrequiredforchecking,acarisnotalreadyfittedwithdry-weathertyres,itwillbeweighedonasetofdry-weathertyresselectedbytheFIAtechnicaldelegate.

4.2 Weightdistribution:

Theweightappliedonthefrontandrearwheelsmustnotbelessthan330kgand391kgrespectivelyatalltimesduringthequalifyingpracticesession.

If,whenrequiredforchecking,acarisnotalreadyfittedwithdry-weathertyres,itwillbeweighedonasetofdry-weathertyresselectedbytheFIAtechnicaldelegate.

4.3 Ballast:

Ballastcanbeusedprovideditissecuredinsuchawaythattoolsarerequiredforitsremoval.ItmustbepossibletofixsealsifdeemednecessarybytheFIAtechnicaldelegate.

4.4 Addingduringtherace:

Withtheexceptionofcompressedgases,nosubstancemaybeaddedtothecarduringtherace.Ifitbecomesnecessarytoreplaceanypartofthecarduringtherace,thenewpartmustnotweighanymorethantheoriginalpart.

ARTICLE5:POWERUNIT

5.1 Enginespecification:

5.1.1 Only4-strokeengineswithreciprocatingpistonsarepermitted.

5.1.2 Enginecubiccapacitymustbe1600cc(+0/-10cc).

5.1.3 Crankshaftrotationalspeedmustnotexceed15000rpm.

5.1.4 Fuelmassflowmustnotexceed100kg/h.

5.1.5 Below10500rpmthefuelmassflowmustnotexceedQ(kg/h)=0.009N(rpm)+5.5.

5.1.6 Pressurechargingmayonlybeeffectedbytheuseofasolesinglestagecompressorlinkedtoasolesinglestageexhaustturbinebyashaftassemblyparalleltotheenginecrankshaftandwithin25mmofthecarcentreline.Theshaftmustbedesignedsoastoensurethattheshaftassembly,thecompressorandtheturbinealwaysrotateaboutacommonaxisandatthesameangularvelocity,anelectricalmotorgenerator(MGU-H)maybedirectlycoupledtoit.Theshaftmaynotbemechanicallylinkedtoanyotherdevice.

5.1.7 Allenginesmusthavesixcylindersarrangedina90°“V”configurationandthenormalsectionofeachcylindermustbecircular.

Allsixcylindersmustbeofequalcapacity.

5.1.8 Enginesmusthavetwoinletandtwoexhaustvalvespercylinder.

Onlyreciprocatingpoppetvalveswithaxialdisplacementarepermitted.

Thesealinginterfacebetweenthemovingvalvecomponentandthestationaryenginecomponentmustbecircular.

5.1.9 Engineexhaustgasesmayonlyexitthecylinderheadthroughoutletsoutboardofthecylinderborecentrelineandnotfromwithinthe“V”centre.

5.1.10 Thecrankshaftmayonlyhavethreeconnectingrodbearingjournals.

5.2 Othermeansofpropulsionandenergyrecovery:

5.2.1 Theuseofanydevice,otherthantheenginedescribedin5.1above,andoneMGU-K,topropelthecar,isnotpermitted.

5.2.2 Energyflows,powerandESstateofchargelimitsaredefinedintheenergyflowdiagramshowninAppendix3oftheseregulations.

Whenthecarisonthetrackalapwillbemeasuredoneachsuccessivecrossingofthetimingline,however,whenenteringthepitsthelapwillend,andthenextonewillbegin,atthestartofthepitlane(asdefinedintheF1SportingRegulations).

ElectricalDCmeasurementswillbeusedtoverifythattheenergyandpowerrequirementsarebeingrespected.

Afixedefficiencycorrectionof0.95willbeusedtomonitorthemaximumMGU-Kpower.

5.2.3 TheMGU-Kmustbesolelyandpermanentlymechanicallylinkedtothepowertrainbeforethemainclutch.Thismechanicallinkmustbeoffixedspeedratiototheenginecrankshaft.

TherotationalspeedoftheMGU-Kmaynotexceed50,000rpm.

TheweightoftheMGU-K(asdefinedinline11ofAppendix2totheseregulations)maynotbelessthan7kg.

ThemaximumtorqueoftheMGU-Kmaynotexceed200Nm.ThetorquewillbereferencedtothecrankshaftspeedandthefixedefficiencycorrectiondefinedinArticle5.2.2willbeusedtomonitorthemaximumMGU-Ktorque.

ThelaminatethicknessoftheMGU-Kmaynotbelessthan0.05mm.

5.2.4 TheMGU-Hmustbesolelymechanicallylinkedtothepressurechargingsystem.Thismechanicallinkmustbeoffixedspeedratiototheexhaustturbineandmaybeclutched.

TherotationalspeedoftheMGU-Hmaynotexceed125,000rpm.

TheweightoftheMGU-H(asdefinedinline13ofAppendix2totheseregulations)maynotbelessthan4kg.

5.2.5 CarsmustbefittedwithhomologatedsensorswhichprovideallnecessarysignalstotheFIAdataloggerinordertoverifytherequirementsabovearebeingrespected.

5.3 Powerunitdimensions:

5.3.1 Cylinderborediametermustbe80mm(+/-0.1mm).

5.3.2 Thecrankshaftcentrelinemustlieonthecarcentrelineand90mm(+/-0.5mm)abovethereferenceplane.Thepowerunitmayonlytransmittorquetothegearboxbymeansofasingleoutputshaftthatmustbeco-axialwiththecrankshaft.Theoutputshaftmustrotateclockwisewhenviewedfromthefrontofthecar.

5.3.3 Valvestemdiametermustnotbelessthan4.95mm.

5.3.4 Thecrankshaftmainbearingjournaldiameter(measuredonthecrankshaft)mustnotbelessthan43.95mm.

5.3.5 Thecrankshaftcrankpinbearingjournaldiameter(measuredonthecrankshaft)mustnotbelessthan37.95mm.

5.3.6 Nocylinderoftheenginemayhaveageometriccompressionratiohigherthan18.0.

5.3.7 AllelementsofthepowerunitspecifiedintherelevantcolumnofthetableinAppendix2oftheseregulationsmustbeinstalledintheunionofthevolumesthatexistbetweentwoverticalplanesnormaltothecarcentrelineseparatedby700mmandinabox150mmlong,250mmwideand800mmhighwhichliessymmetricallyaboutthecarcentrelineimmediatelyaheadofthefrontverticalplane.

5.3.8 PowerunitmountingsmayonlycomprisesixM12studsforconnectiontothesurvivalcellandsixM12studsforconnectiontothetransmission.Allstudsmustbeusedandmaybefittedonthesurvivalcell,powerunitortransmission.TheinstalledendofthestudsmustbeM12andthefreeendmaybeadifferentdiameter.

ThemountingfacesofthestudsforconnectiontothesurvivalcellmustlieontheforwardofthetwoplanesdescribedinArticle5.3.7andbelocatedatY215/Z15(2),Y340/Z260(2)andY175/Z420(2).

ThemountingfacesofthestudsforconnectiontothetransmissionmustlieononeverticalplanenormaltothecarcentrelineandbelocatedatY100/Z15(2),Y150/Z140(2)andY255/Z345(2).

Atoleranceof+/-0.2mmwillbepermittedonalloftheabovedimensions,alldimensionsrefertothecentreofthestuds.

Thedistancebetweenthetwoplanesisfixedat480mm(+/-0.2mm).

Anypartwhichprovidesanadditionalloadpathfromthesurvivalcelltothegearbox,withaconnectiontothepowerunit,mayonlydosoifthisisincidentaltoitsprincipalpurpose.

5.4 Weightandcentreofgravity:

5.4.1 Theoverallweightofthepowerunitmustbeaminimumof145kg.

5.4.2 Thecentreofgravityofthepowerunitmaynotlielessthan200mmabovethereferenceplane.

5.4.3 ThetotalweightofthepartoftheESthatstoresenergy,i.e.thecells(includinganyclampingplates)andelectricalconnectionsbetweencells,mustbenolessthan20kgandmustnotexceed25kg.

5.4.4 Theweightofapiston(withpiston-pin,piston-pinretainersandpistonrings)maynotbelessthan300g.

5.4.5 Theweightofaconnectingrod(withfasteners,smallandbigendbearings)maynotbelessthan300g.

5.4.6 Theweightofthecompletecrankshaftassemblybetweenthemidpositionsofthefrontandrearmainbearingjournals(includingbalancemasses,bolts,bungs,O-ringsbetweentheboundaries),maynotbelessthan5300g.Seedrawing8.

5.4.7 WhenestablishingconformitywithArticles5.4.1,5.4.2andAppendix4oftheF1SportingRegulations,thehomologatedpowerunitperimeterwillbedefinedinaccordancewiththetableshowninAppendix2oftheseregulations.

5.5 Powerunittorquedemand:

5.5.1 Theonlymeansbywhichthedrivermaycontrolaccelerationtorquetothedrivenwheelsisviaasinglechassismountedfoot(accelerator)pedal.

5.5.2 Designswhichallowspecificpointsalongtheacceleratorpedaltravelrangetobeidentifiedbythedriverorassisthimtoholdapositionarenotpermitted.

5.5.3 Atanygivenenginespeedthedrivertorquedemandmapmustbemonotonicallyincreasingforanincreaseinacceleratorpedalposition.

5.5.4 Atanygivenacceleratorpedalpositionandabove4,000rpm,thedrivertorquedemandmapmustnothaveagradientoflessthan–(minus)0.045Nm/rpm.

5.6 Powerunitcontrol:

5.6.1 Themaximumdelayallowed,computedfromtherespectivesignalsasrecordedbytheADRorECU,betweentheacceleratorpedalpositioninputsignalandthecorrespondingoutputdemandsbeingachievedis50ms.

5.6.2 TeamsmayberequiredtodemonstratetheaccuracyofthepowerunitconfigurationsusedbytheECU.

5.6.3 Powerunitcontrolmustnotbeinfluencedbyclutchposition,movementoroperation.

5.6.4 Theidlespeedcontroltargetmaynotexceed4,000rpm.

5.6.5 AnumberofpowerunitprotectionsareavailableintheECU.

Aminimumofninesecondsholdtimeshouldbeconfiguredforthepowerunitprotectionsenabledduringqualifyingandrace.Theconfigurationoftheairtrayfiredetectionandthrottlefailsafeareexceptionallyunrestrictedinordertoalloweachteamtoachievethebestlevelofsafety.

5.6.6 ThepowerunitmustachievethetorquedemandedbytheFIAstandardsoftware.

5.6.7 Homologatedsensorsmustbefittedwhichmeasurethetorquegeneratedatthepowerunitoutputshaftandthetorquessuppliedtoeachdriveshaft.ThesesignalsmustbeprovidedtotheECU.

5.7 Enginehighrevlimits:

Enginehighrevlimitsmayvaryfordifferingconditionsprovidedallarecontainedwithinabandof750rpm.However,alowerrevlimitmaybeusedwhen:

a) Thegearboxisinneutral.

b) Stallpreventionisactive.

c) Thedriverclutchrequestisgreaterthan95%ofthetotalavailabletravelofthedriverclutchactuationdevice,usedonlytoprotecttheenginefollowingadrivererror.

d) Anengineprotectionisactive.

e) Thebitepointfinderstrategyisactive.

f) Thesafetycarisdeployedorduringtheformationlap.

Exceptfortheaboveconditions,powerunitactuatorsmaynotbeusedtoartificiallycontrolthepowerunitspeedoralterthepowerunitresponseinarevrangemorethan750rpmbelowthefinalrevlimit.

5.8 Exhaustsystems:

5.8.1 Withtheexceptionofincidentalleakagethroughjoints(eitherintooroutofthesystem),all(andonly)thefluidsenteringthecompressorinletandthefuelinjectorsmustexitfromtheengineexhaustsystem.

5.8.2 Engineexhaustsystemsmusthaveonlyasingleturbinetailpipeexitandeitheroneortwowastegatetailpipeexitswhichmustallberearwardfacingandthroughwhichallexhaustgasesmustpass.Allandonlytheturbineexitexhaustgasesmustpassthroughtheturbinetailpipeandallandonlythewastegateexhaustgasesmustpassthroughthewastegatetailpipe(s).Noneofthetailpipesmaybecontainedwithinanyoftheothertailpipes.

5.8.3 Thecross-sectionalareaoftheturbinetailpipeexitattherearmostpointoftheturbinetailpipemustliebetween7500mm2and14000mm2,andthetotalcross-sectionalareaofthewastegatetailpipeexit(s)attherearmostpointofthewastegatetailpipe(s)mustliebetween1590mm2and2375mm2.Iftherearetwowastegatetailpipeexitstheymustbeequalinarea.

5.8.4 Thelast150mmofeachtailpipemustinitsentirety:

a) Formathin-walledunobstructedrightcircularcylinderwithitsaxis+/-5°tothecarcentrelinewhenviewedfromabovethecarandbetween0°and5°(tailup)tothereferenceplanewhenviewedfromthesideofthecar.Theentirecircumferenceofeachexitshouldlieonasingleplanenormaltothetailpipeaxisandbelocatedattherearmostextremityofthelast150mmofthetailpipe.

b) Belocatedbetween350mmand550mmabovethereferenceplane.

c) Belocatednomorethan100mmfromthecarcentreline.

d) Bepositionedinorderthattheentirecircumferenceoftheexitofthetailpipeliesbetweentwoverticalplanesnormaltothecarcentrelineandwhichliebetween170mmand185mmrearwardoftherearwheelcentreline.

5.8.5 Theremustbenobodyworklyingwithintherightcircularcylinderswhich:

a) Sharesacommonaxiswiththatofthelast150mmofeachtailpipe.

b) Haveadiameter5mmgreaterthaneachtailpipe,startingattheexitofeachtailpipeandextendingrearwardsasfarasapoint600mmbehindtherearwheelcentreline.

c) Haveadiameter30mmgreaterthaneachtailpipe,starting2mmrearwardsoftheexitofeachtailpipeandextendingrearwardsasfarasapoint600mmbehindtherearwheelcentreline.

5.9 Variablegeometrysystems:

5.9.1 Withtheexceptionofdevicesneededforcontrolofpressurechargingsystems,variablegeometryexhaustsystemsarenotpermitted.Noformofvariablegeometryturbine(VGT)orvariablenozzleturbine(VNT)oranydevicetoadjustthegasthroatsectionattheinlettotheturbinewheelispermitted.

5.9.2 Variablevalvetimingandvariablevalveliftprofilesystemsarenotpermitted.

5.10 Fuelsystems:

5.10.1 Thepressureofthefuelsuppliedtotheinjectorsmaynotexceed500bar.OnlyapprovedpartsmaybeusedandthelistofpartsapprovedbytheFIA,andtheapprovalprocedure,maybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

5.10.2 Theremayonlybeonedirectinjectorpercylinderandnoinjectorsarepermittedupstreamoftheintakevalvesordownstreamoftheexhaustvalves.OnlyapprovedpartsmaybeusedandthelistofpartsapprovedbytheFIA,andtheapprovalprocedure,maybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

5.10.3 Allcarsmustbefittedwithasinglefuelflowsensor,whollywithinthefueltank,whichhasbeenmanufacturedbytheFIAdesignatedsuppliertoaspecificationdeterminedbytheFIA.ThissensormayonlybeusedasspecifiedbytheFIA.

5.10.4 Homologatedsensorswhichdirectlymeasurethepressureandtemperatureofthefuelsuppliedtotheinjectorsmustalsobefitted,thesesignalsmustbesuppliedtotheFIAdatalogger.

5.10.5 Anydevice,systemorprocedurethepurposeand/oreffectofwhichistoincreasetheflowrateafterthemeasurementpointisprohibited.

5.11 Ignitionsystems:

5.11.1 Ignitionisonlypermittedbymeansofasingleignitioncoilandsinglesparkplugpercylinder.Nomorethanfivesparkspercylinderperenginecyclearepermitted.

Theuseofplasma,laserorotherhighfrequencyignitiontechniquesisforbidden.

OnlyapprovedignitioncoilsmaybeusedandthelistofpartsapprovedbytheFIA,andtheapprovalprocedure,maybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

5.11.2 Onlyconventionalsparkplugsthatfunctionbyhightensionelectricaldischargeacrossanexposedgaparepermitted.

SparkplugsarenotsubjecttothematerialsrestrictionsdescribedinArticles5.16and5.17.

5.12 EnergyRecoverySystem(ERS):

5.12.1 ThesystemwillbeconsideredshutdownwhennohighvoltagecanbepresentonanyexternaloraccessiblepartoftheERS.

Theshutdownprocessmusttakenolongerthantwosecondsfromactivation.

ItmustbepossibletoshutdowntheERSviathefollowingmeans:

a) TheswitchrequiredbyArticle14.2.1.

b) TheswitchesrequiredbyArticle14.2.2.

c) TheswitchorbuttonrequiredbyArticle9.4.

5.12.2 TheERSmustshutdownwhentheECUrequiredbyArticle8.2initiatesananti-stallengineshutoff.

5.12.3 AllcarsmustbefittedwithtwoERSstatuslightswhich:

a) HavebeensuppliedbyanFIAdesignatedmanufacturerandfittedtothecarinaccordancewiththeinstructionsintheAppendixtotheseregulations.

b) AreinworkingorderthroughouttheEventevenifthemainhydraulic,pneumaticorelectricalsystemsonthecarhavefailed.

c) Remainpoweredforatleast15minutesifthecarcomestorestwithitsenginestopped.

d) Aremarkedwitha“HIGHVOLTAGE”symbolaccordingtoISO3864ofatleast30mmalongthetrianglesideandnomorethan50mmawayfromthelights.

5.12.4 AllcarsmustprovidesignalsregardingthecaroperatingandinsulationstatestotheADRinordertofacilitatecontroloftheERSstatuslights.

5.12.5 Themaximumpeakvoltageonthecarmustneverexceed1000V.

5.13 Engineancillaries:

Allcoolantpumps,oilpumps,scavengepumps,oil/airseparators,hydraulicpumpsandfuelpumpsdeliveringmorethan10barmustbemechanicallydrivendirectlyfromtheengineand/orMGU-Kwithafixedspeedratio.

5.14 Engineintakeair:

5.14.1 Withtheexceptionofincidentalleakagethroughjointsorcoolingductsintheinletsystem(eitherintooroutofthesystem),allairenteringtheenginemustenterthebodyworkthroughamaximumoftwoinletswhicharelocated:

a) Betweenthefrontofthecockpitentrytemplateandapoint500mmforwardoftherearwheelcentrelinelongitudinally.

b) Nolessthan200mmabovethereferenceplanevertically.

c) Onverticalcross-sectionsnormaltothecarcentreline.

Furthermore,anysuchinletsmustbevisibleintheirentiretywhenviewedfromthefrontofthecarandwithoutthedriverseatedinthecar.

5.14.2 Otherthanenginesumpbreathergases,exhaustgasrecirculation,andfuelforthenormalpurposeofcombustionintheengine,thesprayingofanysubstanceintotheengineintakeairisforbidden.

5.15 MaterialsandConstruction–Definitions:

5.15.1 XBasedAlloy(e.g.Nibasedalloy)–Xmustbethemostabundantelementinthealloyona%w/wbasis.TheminimumpossibleweightpercentoftheelementXmustalwaysbegreaterthanthemaximumpossibleofeachoftheotherindividualelementspresentinthealloy.

5.15.2 X-YBasedAlloy(e.g.Al-Cubasedalloy)–XmustbethemostabundantelementasinArticle5.15.1above.InadditionelementYmustbethesecondhighestconstituent(%w/w),afterXinthealloy.ThemeancontentofYandallotheralloyingelementsmustbeusedtodeterminethesecondhighestalloyingelement(Y).

5.15.3 IntermetallicMaterials(e.g.TiAl,NiAl,FeAl,Cu3Au,NiCo)–Thesearematerialswherethematerialisbaseduponintermetallicphases,i.e.thematrixofthematerialconsistsofgreaterthan50%v/vintermetallicphase(s).Anintermetallicphaseisasolidsolutionbetweentwoormoremetalsexhibitingeitherpartlyionicorcovalent,ormetallicbondingwithalongrangeorder,inanarrowrangeofcompositionaroundthestoichiometricproportion.

5.15.4 CompositeMaterials–Thesearematerialswhereamatrixmaterialisreinforcedbyeitheracontinuousordiscontinuousphase.Thematrixcanbemetallic,ceramic,polymericorglassbased.Thereinforcementcanbepresentaslongfibres(fibrelengthgreaterthan13mm)orshortfibres,whiskersandparticles(discontinuousreinforcement).Nanoscalereinforcedmaterialsaretobeconsideredascomposites.(areinforcementisconsideredtobenanoscaleifanydimensionofthereinforcementislessthan100nm.)

5.15.5 MetalMatrixComposites(MMC’s)–Thesearecompositematerialswithametallicmatrixcontainingaphaseofgreaterthan2%v/vwhichisnotsolubleintheliquidphaseofthemetallicmatrix.

5.15.6 CeramicMaterials(e.g.Al2O3,SiC,B4C,Ti5Si3,SiO2,Si3N4)–Theseareinorganic,non-metallicsolids.

5.16 Materialsandconstruction–General:

5.16.1 Unlessexplicitlypermittedforaspecificapplication,thefollowingmaterialsmaynotbeusedanywhereonthepowerunit:

a) Magnesiumbasedalloys.

b) MetalMatrixComposites(MMC’s).

c) Intermetallicmaterials.

d) Alloyscontainingmorethan5%byweightofPlatinum,Ruthenium,IridiumorRhenium.

e) Copperbasedalloyscontainingmorethan2.75%Beryllium.

f) Anyotheralloyclasscontainingmorethan0.25%Beryllium.

g) Tungstenbasealloys.

h) Ceramicsandceramicmatrixcomposites.

5.16.2 TherestrictionsinArticle5.16.1donotapplytocoatingsprovidedthetotalcoatingthicknessdoesnotexceed25%ofthesectionthicknessoftheunderlyingbasematerialinallaxes.Inallcases,otherthanunderArticle5.16.3(b),therelevantcoatingmustnotexceed0.8mm.

WherethecoatingisbasedonGold,Platinum,Ruthenium,IridiumorRhenium,thecoatingthicknessmustnotexceed0.035mm.

5.16.3 TherestrictionsinArticle5.16.1(h)donotapplytothefollowingapplications:

a) Anycomponentwhoseprimarypurposeisforelectricalorthermalinsulation.

b) Anycoatingwhoseprimarypurposeisforthermalinsulationoftheoutsideoftheexhaustsystem.

5.16.4 Magnesiumbasedalloys,wherepermitted,mustbeavailableonanon-exclusivebasisandundernormalcommercialtermstoallcompetitors.OnlythosealloyscoveredbyISO16220orISO3116andapprovedbytheFIAmaybeused.

5.17 Materialsandconstruction–Components:

5.17.1 PistonsmustrespectArticle5.16.Titaniumalloysarenotpermitted.

5.17.2 Pistonpinsmustbemanufacturedfromanironbasedalloyandmustbemachinedfromasinglepieceofmaterial.

5.17.3 Connectingrodsmustbemanufacturedfromironortitaniumbasedalloysandmustbemachinedfromasinglepieceofmaterialwithnoweldedorjoinedassemblies(otherthanaboltedbigendcaporaninterferedsmallendbush).

5.17.4 Crankshaftsmustbemanufacturedfromanironbasedalloy.

Noweldingispermittedbetweenthefrontandrearmainbearingjournals.

Nomaterialwithadensityexceeding18,400kg/m3maybeassembledtothecrankshaft.

ThesepartsassembledtothecrankshaftmaybemanufacturedinaTungstenbasedmaterial.

5.17.5 Camshaftsmustbemanufacturedfromanironbasedalloy.

Eachcamshaftandlobesmustbemachinedfromasinglepieceofmaterial.

Noweldingisallowedbetweenthefrontandrearbearingjournals.

5.17.6 ValvesmustbemanufacturedfromintermetallicmaterialsorfromalloysbasedonIron,Nickel,CobaltorTitanium.Hollowstems(e.g.sodium,orsimilar,filledforcooling)arepermitted.

Inaddition,therestrictionsdetailedinArticles5.16.2and15.1.2donotapplytovalves.

5.17.7 Reciprocatingandrotatingcomponents:

a) Reciprocatingandrotatingcomponentsmustnotbemanufacturedfromgraphiticmatrix,metalmatrixcompositesorceramicmaterials,thisrestrictiondoesnotapplytotheclutchandanyseals.

b) Rollingelementsofrollingelementbearingsmustbemanufacturedfromanironbasedalloyorfromaceramicmaterial.

c) Alltiminggearsbetweenthecrankshaftandcamshafts(includinghubs)mustbemanufacturedfromanironbasedalloy.

d) Highpressurefuelpumpselementsmaybemanufacturedfromaceramicmaterial.

e) TorsionaldamperelementsmaybemanufacturedinaTungstenbasedmaterial.

5.17.8 Staticcomponents:

a) Otherthaninsertswithinthem,enginecrankcasesincludingsump,cylinderheadsandcylinderheadcamcoversmustbemanufacturedfromcastorwroughtaluminiumorironalloys.

Nocompositematerialsormetalmatrixcompositesarepermittedeitherforthewholecomponentorlocally.

b) Otherthanpartslistedina)above,magnesiumbasedalloysarepermittedforstaticpartswhichmaynotbechangedwithoutincurringapenaltyunderArticle5.22.

c) Anymetallicstructurewhoseprimaryorsecondaryfunctionistoretainlubricantorcoolantwithintheenginemustbemanufacturedfromanironbasedalloy,analuminiumalloyoramagnesiumbasedalloyifpermittedbyArticle5.17.8(b).

d) Allthreadedfasteners,otherthanthetwoexceptionsbelow,mustbemanufacturedfromanalloybasedonCobalt,IronorNickel.Theexceptionsare:

i) Fastenerswhoseprimaryfunctionrequiresthemtobeanelectricalinsulatormaybemanufacturedfromceramicorpolymericmaterials.

ii) Fastenersthatareusedinelectroniccontrolunitsmaybemanufacturedfromaluminiumorcopperbasedalloysorpolymeric(plastic)materials.

Compositematerialsarenotpermitted.

e) Valveseatinserts,valveguidesandanyotherbearingcomponentmaybemanufacturedfrommetallicinfiltratedpre-formswithotherphaseswhicharenotusedforreinforcement.

f) BallastmaybemanufacturedinaTungstenbasedmaterial.

5.18 Materialsandconstruction–Pressurechargingandexhaustsystems:

5.18.1 Allcomponentsofthepowerunitexhaustsystem,(fromtheengineexhaustflangeuptoandincludingturbinehousingorwaste-gateexithousing)thatareincontactwiththemainexhaustgasflowmustbemanufacturedfromaCobalt,IronorNickelbasedalloy.Anygasketsorsealsareexcludedfromthisrestriction.

5.18.2 Anyrotatingandreciprocatingcomponentinthecompressor(fromcompressorinlettocompressoroutlet)mustbemanufacturedfromanaluminium,titaniumorironbasedalloy.

5.18.3 Staticcomponentsthatareneitherintheexhaustsystemnorinthecompressorlinemustbemanufacturedfromironbasedalloys,aluminiumalloysortitaniumalloys.

5.18.4 Thecompressorhousing(fromcompressorinlettocompressoroutlet)mustbemanufacturedfromaluminiumormagnesiumbasedalloys.

5.18.5 Measuresmustbetakentoensurethatintheeventoffailureoftheturbinewheelanyresultingsignificantdebrisiscontainedwithinthecar.

5.19 Materialsandconstruction–Energyrecovery,storagesystemsandelectronicsystems:

5.19.1 Allmetalliccasingsfortheenergyrecoveryandstoragesystemsmustbemanufacturediniron,aluminiumortitaniumbasedalloysandmustcomplywithallaspectsofArticle5.16exceptforpowerelectroniccoolingbaseplatewheremetalmatrixcompositemaybeused.

5.19.2 Allmetalliccasingsforelectronicsystems,withtheexceptionofmetalliccasingsfortheenergyrecoveryandstoragesystems,mustbemanufacturediniron,aluminium,titaniumormagnesiumbasedalloys.

5.19.3 EnergystoragedevicesarenotsubjecttoArticles5.16.1a),b),c)andh)norto5.16.2.

5.19.4 PermanentmagnetsinelectricalmachinesarenotsubjecttoArticles5.16.1a),b),c)orh)nortoArticle5.16.2.

5.19.5 Electroniccomponentscontainedinsideelectronicunitsarenotsubjecttoanymaterialrestriction.

5.20 Startingtheengine:

Asupplementarydevicetemporarilyconnectedtothecarmaybeusedtostarttheengineintheteam’sdesignatedgaragearea,inthepitlaneandonthegrid.

5.21 Stallpreventionsystems:

Ifacarisequippedwithastallpreventionsystem,andinordertoavoidthepossibilityofacarinvolvedinanaccidentbeingleftwiththeenginerunning,allsuchsystemsmustbeconfiguredtostoptheenginenomorethantensecondsafteractivation.

Thesolepurposeofsuchsystemsistopreventtheenginestallingwhenadriverlosescontrolofthecar.Ifthecarisinsecondgearorabovewhenthesystemisactivatedmultiplegearchangesmaybemadetoeitherfirstgearorneutral,underallothercircumstancestheclutchalonemaybeactivated.

Eachtimesuchasystemisactivatedtheclutchmustbefullydisengagedandmustremainsountilthedriverde-activatesthesystembymanuallyoperatingtheclutchwitharequestgreaterthan95%ofthetotalavailabletravelofthedriversclutchactuationdevice.

5.22 Replacingpowerunitparts:

RefertothetableinAppendix2oftheseregulations.

Thepartslistedas“EXC”inthetablereferredtoabovemaybechangedwithoutincurringapenaltyunderArticle23.3oftheF1SportingRegulations.IfchanginganyofthesepartsinvolvesbreakingasealthismaybedonebutmustbecarriedoutunderFIAsupervision.AnypartschangedmayonlybereplacedbypartshomologatedinaccordancewithAppendix4oftheF1SportingRegulations.

ARTICLE6:FUELSYSTEM

6.1 Fueltanks:

6.1.1 ThefueltankmustbeasinglerubberbladderconformingtoorexceedingthespecificationsofFIAStandardFT5-1999,thefittingoffoamwithinthetankhoweverisnotmandatory.AlistofapprovedmaterialsmaybefoundinTechnicalListNo.1(FueltankmaterialshomologatedonthebasisofFT3-1999,FT3.5-1999andFT5-1999)ontheFIAwebsite.

6.1.2 Whenviewedinlateralprojection,allthefuelstoredonboardthecarmustbesituatedbetweentheforward-mostofthetwoverticalplanesreferredtoinArticle5.3.7andthelinea-b-cinDrawing2.

Furthermore,nofuelcanbestoredmorethan300mmforwardofpointc)inDrawing2.However,amaximumof2litresoffuelmaybekeptoutsidethesurvivalcell,butonlythatwhichisnecessaryforthenormalrunningoftheengine.

6.1.3 Fuelmustnotbestoredmorethan400mmfromthelongitudinalaxisofthecar.

6.1.4 Norubberbladdersshallbeusedmorethan5yearsafterthedateofmanufacture.

6.2 Fittingsandpiping:

6.2.1 Allaperturesinthefueltankmustbeclosedbyhatchesorfittingswhicharesecuredtometallicorcompositeboltringsbondedtotheinsideofthebladder.Thetotalareaofanysuchhatchesorfittingswhichareincontactwiththefuelmaynotexceed30000mm².

Boltholeedgesmustbenolessthan5mmfromtheedgeoftheboltring,hatchorfitting.

6.2.2 Allfuellinesbetweenthefueltankandtheenginemusthaveaselfsealingbreakawayvalve.Thisvalvemustseparateatlessthan50%oftheloadrequiredtobreakthefuellinefittingortopullitoutofthefueltank.

6.2.3 Nolinescontainingfuelmaypassthroughthecockpit.

6.2.4 Alllinesmustbefittedinsuchawaythatanyleakagecannotresultintheaccumulationoffuelinthecockpit.

6.2.5 Allcomponentscontainingfuelatapressuregreaterthan10barmustbelocatedoutsidethefueltank.

6.3 Crushablestructure:

The fuel tankmust be completely surroundedby a crushable structure,which is an integralpart of the survival cell and must be able to withstand the loads required by the tests inArticles18.2.1and18.3.

6.4 Fueltankfillers:

Fueltankfillersmustnotprotrudebeyondthebodywork.Anybreatherpipeconnectingthefueltanktotheatmospheremustbedesignedtoavoidliquidleakagewhenthecarisrunninganditsoutletmustnotbelessthan250mmfromthecockpitopening.

Allfueltankfillersandbreathersmustbedesignedtoensureanefficientlockingactionwhichreducestheriskofanaccidentalopeningfollowingacrashimpactorincompletelockingafterrefuelling.

6.5 Refuelling:

6.5.1 Acovermustbefittedoveranyrefuellingconnectoratalltimeswhenthecarisrunningonthetrack.Thecoveranditsattachmentsmustbesufficientlystrongtoavoidaccidentalopeningintheeventofanaccident.

6.5.2 Nofuelintendedforimmediateuseinacarmaybemorethantendegreescentigradebelowambienttemperature.Whenassessingcompliance,theambienttemperaturewillbethatrecordedbytheFIAappointedweatherserviceprovideronehourbeforeanypracticesessionortwohoursbeforetherace.Thisinformationwillalsobedisplayedonthetimingmonitors.

ThetemperatureoffuelintendedforuseinacarmustbemeasuredviaanFIAapprovedandsealedsensor.

6.5.3 Theuseofanydeviceonboardthecartodecreasethetemperatureofthefuelisforbidden.

6.6 Fueldrainingandsampling:

6.6.1 Competitorsmustprovideameansofremovingallfuelfromthecar.

6.6.2 Competitorsmustensurethata1.0litresampleoffuelmaybetakenfromthecaratanytimeduringtheEvent.

Afterapracticesession,ifacarhasnotbeendrivenbacktothepitsunderitsownpower,itwillberequiredtosupplytheabovementionedsampleplustheamountoffuelthatwouldhavebeenconsumedtodrivebacktothepits.TheadditionalamountoffuelwillbedeterminedbytheFIA.

6.6.3 Allcarsmustbefittedwitha–2'Symetrics'malefittinginordertofacilitatefuelsampling.Ifanelectricpumponboardthecarcannotbeusedtoremovethefuelanexternallyconnectedonemaybeusedprovideditisevidentthatarepresentativefuelsampleisbeingtaken.IfanexternalpumpisuseditmustbepossibletoconnecttheFIAsamplinghosetoitandanyhosebetweenthecarandpumpmustbe-3indiameterandnotexceed2minlength.DetailsofthefuelsamplinghosemaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

6.6.4 Thesamplingproceduremustnotnecessitatestartingtheengineortheremovalofbodywork(otherthanthenoseboxassemblyandthecoveroveranyrefuellingconnector).

ARTICLE7:OILANDCOOLANTSYSTEMSANDCHARGEAIRCOOLING

7.1 Locationofoiltanks:

Alloilstoragetanksmustbesituatedbetweenthefrontwheelaxisandtherearmostgearboxcasinglongitudinally,andmustbenofurtherthanthelateralextremitiesofthesurvivalcellarefromthelongitudinalaxisofthecar.

7.2 Longitudinallocationofoilsystem:

Nootherpartofthecarcontainingoilmaybesituatedbehindthecompleterearwheels.

7.3 Catchtank:

Inordertoavoidthepossibilityofoilbeingdepositedonthetrack,theenginesumpbreathermustventintothemainengineairintakesystem.

7.4 Transversallocationofoilsystem:

Nopartofthecarcontainingoilmaybemorethan700mmfromthecarcentreline.

7.5 Coolantheadertanks:

AnyheadertankusedonthecarwithawaterbasedcoolantmustbefittedwithanFIAapprovedpressurereliefvalvewhichissettoamaximumof3.75bargaugepressure,detailsofthereliefvalvemaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.Ifthecarisnotfittedwithaheadertank,analternativepositionmustbeapprovedbytheFIA.

7.6 Coolingsystems:

Thecoolingsystemsofthepowerunit,includingthatofthechargeair,mustnotintentionallymakeuseofthelatentheatofvaporisationofanyfluidwiththeexceptionoffuelforthenormalpurposeofcombustionintheengineasdescribedinArticle5.14.

7.7 Oilandcoolantlines:

7.7.1 Nolinescontainingcoolantorlubricatingoilmaypassthroughthecockpit.

7.7.2 Alllinesmustbefittedinsuchawaythatanyleakagecannotresultintheaccumulationoffluidinthecockpit.

7.7.3 Nohydraulicfluidlinesmayhaveremovableconnectorsinsidethecockpit.

ARTICLE8:ELECTRICALSYSTEMS

8.1 Softwareandelectronicsinspection:

8.1.1 PriortothestartofeachseasonthecompleteelectricalsystemonthecarmustbeexaminedandallonboardandcommunicationssoftwaremustbeinspectedbytheFIATechnicalDepartment.

TheFIAmustbenotifiedofanychangespriortotheEventatwhichsuchchangesareintendedtobeimplemented.

8.1.2 Allre-programmablemicroprocessorsmusthaveamechanismthatallowstheFIAtoaccuratelyidentifythesoftwareversionloaded.

AcceptablesolutionstoverifytheprogrammedsoftwaremaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

8.1.3 Allelectronicunitscontainingaprogrammabledevice,andwhichareintendedforuseatanEvent,mustbepresentedtotheFIAbeforeeachEventinorderthattheycanbeidentified.

8.1.4 Allon-carsoftwareversionsmustberegisteredwiththeFIAbeforeuse.

8.1.5 TheFIAmustbeabletotesttheoperationofanycompulsoryelectronicsafetysystemsatanytimeduringanEvent.

8.2 Controlelectronics:

8.2.1 Allcomponentsofthepowerunit,gearbox,clutchanddifferential,inadditiontoallassociatedactuators,mustbecontrolledbyanElectronicControlUnit(ECU)whichhasbeenmanufacturedbyanFIAdesignatedsuppliertoaspecificationdeterminedbytheFIA.

TheECUmayonlybeusedwithFIAapprovedsoftwareandmayonlybeconnectedtothecontrolsystemwiringloom,sensorsandactuatorsinamannerspecifiedbytheFIA.

AdditionalinformationregardingtheECUsoftwareversionsandsetupmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

8.2.2 Allcontrolsensors,actuatorsandFIAmonitoringsensorswillbespecifiedandhomologatedbytheFIA.DetailsofthehomologationprocessmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

Eachandeverycomponentofthecontrolsystemwillbesealedanduniquelyidentifiedandtheiridentitiestrackedthroughtheirlifecycle.

Thesecomponentsandunitsmaynotbedisassembledormodifiedinanywayandsealsandidentifiersmustremainintactandlegible.

8.2.3 ThecontrolsystemwiringloomconnectivitymustbeapprovedbytheFIA.

AllwiringloomsmustbebuilttoensurethateachcontrolsensorandeachcontrolactuatorconnectedtotheECUiselectricallyisolatedfromlogging-onlysensorsconnectedtoeithertheECUorateamdataacquisitionunit.

Ingeneral,theremustbenoactiveorpassiveelectroniccomponentinthecontrolloom.Exceptions(e.g.terminationresistors)mustbeapprovedbytheFIAbeforeuse.

AdditionalwiringguidelinesmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

8.2.4 Ifsensorfaultsorerrorsaredetectedbythedriverorbytheon-boardsoftware,back-upsensorsmaybeusedanddifferentsettingsmaybemanuallyorautomaticallyselected.However,anyback-upsensorornewsettingchoseninthiswaymustnotenhancetheperformanceofthecar.Anydriverdefaultturnedonduringthestartlockoutperiodmaynotbeturnedoffbeforetheendofthatperiod.

8.2.5 PneumaticvalvepressuremayonlybecontrolledviaapassivemechanicalregulatororfromtheECUanditsoperationwillbemonitoredbytheECU.

8.3 Startsystems:

8.3.1 Anysystem,thepurposeand/oreffectofwhichistodetectwhenaracestartsignalisgiven,isnotpermitted.

8.3.2 TheECUwillimplementa“lockout”periodaftereachracestartorpitstopduringwhichanumberofpowerunitandclutchrelatedfunctionswillbefrozenordisabled.DetailsofthestrategymaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

8.4 Dataacquisition:

8.4.1 Toassistscrutineering,theFIArequiresunlimitedaccesstothefollowingECUinformationbefore,duringandafteranytracksession:

a) Applicationparameterconfigurations.

b) Loggeddataandevents.

c) Real-timetelemetrydataandevents.

ThroughouttheEvent,theloggingmemoryandeventsbuffermayonlybeclearedbyanFIAengineer.

TheFIAmusthavetheabilitytoconnecttotheECUviaajumpbatteryusinganFIAlaptop.TheteamsshouldmakeajumpbatteryavailableatalltimesduringtheEvent.

Theteamsshouldtransferthereal-timetelemetrydataandeventsontheFIAnetworkasrequestedby,andintheformatdefinedby,theFIA.

Priortotherace,theECUdataloggermustbeconfiguredinsuchawaythatallowsloggingofdataforatleasttwohoursandfifteenminuteswithoutexceedingthesizeoftheloggermemory.

8.4.2 Anydataacquisitionsystem,telemetrysystemorassociatedsensorsadditionaltothoseprovidedbytheECUandADRmustbephysicallyseparateandelectricallyisolatedfromanycontrolelectronicswiththeexceptionof:

a) Theprimaryregulatedvoltagesupply.

b) Thecarsystemground.

c) CommunicationlinkstotheECU,telemetryunitandADR.

d) Powersupplies,providedtheyarenotusedtopoweranycontrolelectronics,controlsensorsoractuators.

e) Timesynchronisationlines.

f) Powerunitsynchronisationlines.

g) Anumbilicalloomwhoseconnectorwillremaindisconnectedwhenthecarismoving.

Nojunctionboxorbreak-outboxmaybesharedbetweentheECUsystemandateamdataacquisitionsystem.

Theuseofanycoupling,beithardwired,magnetic,opticalorothersuchlinkwhichallowsthetransmissionofsignalswillnotbeconsideredasadequateisolationinthecontextofthisArticle.

8.5 Telemetry:

8.5.1 AllcarsmustbefittedwithatelemetrysystemwhichhasbeenmanufacturedbytheFIAdesignatedsuppliertoaspecificationdeterminedbytheFIA.

8.5.2 TelemetrysystemsmustoperateatfrequencieswhichhavebeenapprovedbytheFIA.

8.5.3 Pittocartelemetryisprohibited.

8.6 Drivercontrolsanddisplays:

8.6.1 AnyelectronicmodulesusedfordriverinformationdisplaysandswitchinputsmustbesuppliedbyanFIAdesignatedsuppliertoaspecificationdeterminedbytheFIAandbesuitablyhousedbyeachteam.

8.6.2 Anysinglecontroldevice,includingbutnotlimitedtoswitch,button,paddleorpedal,usedbythedrivermustbeconnectedtoasingleanalogueordigitalinputoftheECU.

Exceptionswillbeconsideredtohandlethefollowing:

a) Aspareclutchpaddlesensor.

b) Aspareacceleratorpedalsensor.

c) Aseparate"kick-down"sensorwhichindicatesthattheacceleratorpedalhasbeendeliberatelydepressedpastfulltravel.

d) Multiplexedshiftsignals.

e) Asparebrakepressureandpedalsensor.

AnyinterfacebetweensuchdriveroperateddevicesandtheECUmustbeapprovedbytheFIA.

8.6.3 Anyalterationofthedriver’scontrolsmayonlybecommandedbydirect,deliberateandprimarydriveractions.

TheloggedrawsignalsfromtheECUinputsmustprovideatruerepresentationofthedriver’sactions.

8.7 Driverradio:

OtherthanauthorisedconnectionstotheFIAECU,anyvoiceradiocommunicationsystembetweencarandpitsmustbestand-aloneandmustnottransmitorreceiveotherdata.AllsuchcommunicationsmustbeopenandaccessibletoboththeFIAandbroadcasters.

8.8 Accidentdatarecorders(ADR)andhighspeedaccidentcameras:

8.8.1 Therecordermustbefittedandoperated:

a) InaccordancewiththeinstructionsoftheFIA.

b) Symmetricallyaboutthecarcentrelineandwithitstopfacingupwards.

c) Witheachofits12edgesparalleltoanaxisofthecar.

d) Lessthan200mmabovethereferenceplane.

e) Inapositionwithinthecockpitwhichisreadilyaccessibleatalltimesfromwithinthecockpitwithouttheneedtoremoveplankorfloor.

f) Inorderthattheentireunitliesbetween30%and50%ofthewheelbaseofthecar.

g) Viaanti-vibrationmountingsgivingaclearanceof5mmtoallotherobjects.

h) Withitsconnectorsfacingforwards.

i) Inorderthatitsstatuslightisvisiblewhenthedriverisseatednormally.

j) Inorderthatthedownloadconnectoriseasilyaccessiblewhenthedriverisseatednormallyandwithouttheneedtoremovebodywork.

8.8.2 Therecordermustbeconnectedtotwoexternal500gaccelerometerswhicharesolidlyboltedtothesurvivalcell,onthecarcentreline,usingfour4mmbolts.Onemustbeasclosetothenominalcarcentreofgravityaspracticalandtheotherasfarforwardaspossibleinsidethesurvivalcell.Theforwardaccelerometermaybemountedtotheundersideofthetopsurfaceprovideditissolidlyboltedtoastructuralpartofthesurvivalcell.

8.8.3 Therecordermustbepoweredfromanominally12Vsupplysuchthatitsinternalbatterycanberechargedatalltimeswhenthecar’selectronicsystemsarepoweredandwhenthecarsystemsareswitchedoff,butajumpbatteryorumbilicalisconnected.

8.8.4 AnADRandtwoaccelerometersmustbefittedtoeverycaratalltimesduringanEventandatalltestsattendedbymorethanoneteam.

8.8.5 DetailsoftheconnectionstotheADRmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

8.8.6 Forthepurposeofaccidentanalysis,eachcarmustbefittedwithahighspeedcamerawhichhasbeenmanufacturedbytheFIAdesignatedsuppliertoaspecificationdeterminedbytheFIA.ThisshouldbefittedtothecarduringeachEventandalltestswhichareattendedbymorethanoneteam,teamsmustusetheirbestendeavourstoensurethatitisinworkingorderatalltimes.

ThecameramustbefittedinaccordancewiththeinstructionsoftheFIA,detailsofwhichmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

8.9 Tracksignalinformationdisplay:

Allcarsmustbefittedwithred,blueandyellowcockpitlightsthepurposeofwhicharetogivedriversinformationconcerningtracksignalsorconditions.ThelightsmustbeLEDseachwithaminimumdiameterof5mmandfitteddirectlyinthedriver’snormallineofsight.

Detailsofthelightcontrolsystem,whichmustbefittedtoeverycar,maybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

8.10 Medicalwarningsystem:

InordertogiverescuecrewsanimmediateindicationofaccidentseverityeachcarmustbefittedwithawarninglightwhichisconnectedtotheFIAdatalogger.

Thelightmustfaceupwardsandberecessedintothetopofthesurvivalcellnomorethan150mmfromthecarcentrelineandthefrontofthecockpitopeningandasneartotheclutchdisengagementsystem,asdescribedinArticle9.4,asispractical.

DetailsofthelightanditscontrolsystemmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

8.11 Installationofelectricalsystemsorcomponents:

8.11.1 Exceptionally,eachcarmaybeequippedwithamaximumoffivetestsensorinstallations,whichdonotcomplywiththeTechnicalRegulations,duringP1andP2,provided:

a) TheycouldnotmateriallyaffecttheoutcomeanyoftheimpacttestsdescribedinArticles16.2,16.3and16.4.

b) TheycomplywithArticles3.2and3.6.1.

c) Theydonotreduceoraffectdrivervisibility.

d) Theydonotobstructon-boardcameraviews.

Anysuchtestsensorinstallationsdonotneedtobehomologated.

TheFIAtechnicaldelegatemustbenotifiedofanyintendedtestsensorinstallationspriortotheEventatwhichtheyarefirstused.

8.11.2 CompetitorsmustbenotifiedofanychangestotheinstallationinstructionsforanyFIAspecifiedsystemsorcomponentsbefore1Marchofthepreviousseason.

ARTICLE9:TRANSMISSIONSYSTEM

9.1 Transmissiontypes:

Notransmissionsystemmaypermitmorethantwowheelstobedriven.

9.2 Clutchcontrol:

Thefollowingappliesonlytothemaindrivetrainclutchorclutches,anyclutchusedexclusivelyaspartofanERSisexempt.

9.2.1 Ifmultipleclutchoperatingdevicesareused,theymustallhavethesamemechanicaltravelcharacteristicsandbemappedidentically.

9.2.2 Designswhichallowspecificpointsalongthetravelrangeoftheclutchoperatingdevicetobeidentifiedbythedriverorassisthimtoholdapositionarenotpermitted.

9.2.3 Theminimumandmaximumtravelpositionsoftheclutchoperatingdevicemustcorrespondtotheclutchfullyengagednormalrestpositionandfullydisengaged(incapableoftransmittinganyuseabletorque)positionsrespectively.

9.2.4 Designsorsystemswhichinadditiontotypicalinherenthydraulicandmechanicalpropertiesaredesignedto,orhavetheeffectof,adjustingorotherwiseinfluencingtheamount,orrate,ofengagementbeingdemandedbytheFIAECU,arenotpermitted.

9.2.5 Theamountbywhichtheclutchisengagedmustbecontrolledsolelyanddirectlybythedriverwiththeexceptionof:

a) Stallprevention.

b) Gearshifts.

c) Bitepointfinderwherebrakepressure,wheelspeedanddriverclutchdemandsafeguardsareused.

d) De-clutchprotections.

e) Drivetrainprotectiononthetrackoutsideofanystartlockoutperiodorimmediatelyfollowingstallpreventionactivationonly.

f) Testsignalsenabledonlywhenthecarisconnectedtothegaragesystem.

Therelationshipbetweentheclutchoperatingdeviceinthecockpitandtheamountofclutchengagementmaybenon-linearbutmustremainfixed.

9.2.6 Whentheclutchoperatingdeviceisreleasedfromitsmaximumtravelpositionitmustreturntoitsrestingpositionwithin50ms.

Themaximumdelayallowed,computedfromtherespectivesignalsasrecordedbytheADRorECU,betweentheclutchdrivercontrolinputsignalandthecorrespondingoutputdemandbeingachievedis50ms.

9.2.7 Anydeviceorsystemwhichnotifiesthedriveroftheamountofclutchsliporengagementisnotpermitted.

9.3 Tractioncontrol:

Nocarmaybeequippedwithasystemordevicewhichiscapableofpreventingthedrivenwheelsfromspinningunderpowerorofcompensatingforexcessivetorquedemandbythedriver.

Anydeviceorsystemwhichnotifiesthedriveroftheonsetofwheelspinisnotpermitted.

9.4 Clutchdisengagement:

Allcarsmustbefittedwithameansofdisengagingtheclutchforaminimumoffifteenminutesintheeventofthecarcomingtorestwiththeenginestopped.ThissystemmustbeinworkingorderthroughouttheEventevenifthemainhydraulic,pneumaticorelectricalsystemsonthecarhavefailed.ThissystemmustalsodisconnectanyERSsystemfittedtothecar.

Inorderthatthedriveroramarshalmayactivatethesysteminlessthanfiveseconds,theswitchorbuttonwhichoperatesitmust:

a) Faceupwardsandberecessedintothetopofthesurvivalcellnomorethan150mmfromthecarcentreline.

b) Bedesignedinorderthatamarshalisunabletoaccidentallyre-engagetheclutch.

c) Belessthan150mmfromthefrontofthecockpitopening.

d) Bemarkedwithaletter"N"inredatleast40mmtall,withalinethicknessofatleast4mm,insideawhitecircleofatleast50mmdiameterwitharededgewithalinethicknessofatleast2mm.

9.5 Gearboxes:

9.5.1 Agearboxisdefinedasallthepartsinthedrivelinewhichtransfertorquefromthepowerunitoutputshaft,asdescribedinArticle5.3.2,tothedriveshafts(thedriveshaftsbeingdefinedasthosecomponentswhichtransferdrivetorquefromthesprungmasstotheun-sprungmass).Itincludesallcomponentswhoseprimarypurposeisforthetransmissionofpowerormechanicalselectionofgears,bearingsassociatedwiththesecomponentsandthecasinginwhichtheyarehoused.

9.5.2 InthiscontextthefollowingpartsarenotconsideredpartofthegearboxandmaybechangedwithoutincurringapenaltyundertheF1SportingRegulations.IfchanginganyofthesepartsinvolvesbreakinganFIAappliedsealthismaybedonebutmustbecarriedoutunderFIAsupervision:

a) Theclutchassemblyandthepowerunitoutputshaft,providedthisislocatedpriortoanymechanicalspeedreductionfromtheengine.

b) Theclutchactuatorandclutchreleasebearing(s).

c) Inboarddriveshaftjointsandsealsbutnottheirhousingifthathousingisintegralwiththegearboxoutputshaftandthereforepartofthesprungmass.

d) Thehydraulicsystempriortothepointatwhichitproducesdirectmechanicalmovementofthegearselectionmechanismbymeansofhydraulicactuator(s).

e) Oil,oilpumps,oilfilters,oilseals,oilcoolersandanyassociatedhosesorpipes.

f) Electricalsensors,actuators,servovalvesandwiring.

g) Anypartsassociatedwiththesuspensionorfunctioningofthesprungsuspensionthatareattachedtothegearboxcasing.

h) Therearimpactstructureprovideditcanbeseparatedfromanygearboxcasing.

i) Anyothercomponentmountedtothecasingwhoseprimarypurposeisunconnectedwiththetransmissionofpowerorselectionofgears.

9.6 Gearratios:

9.6.1 Thenumberofforwardgearratiosmustbe8.

9.6.2 Eachcompetitormustnominatetheforwardgearratios(calculatedfromenginecrankshafttodriveshafts)tobeemployedwithintheirgearbox.ThesenominationsmustbedeclaredtotheFIAtechnicaldelegateatorbeforethefirstEventoftheChampionship.For2017only,acompetitormayre-nominatetheseratios,whichmustbedeclaredasaset,oncewithintheChampionshipseason.Insuchcasestheoriginalnominationwillbecomeimmediatelyvoid,however,gearboxescurrentlyinuseandpartwaythroughtheirsixracecycle,maycontinuetobeusedwiththeoriginallynominatedgearsuntiltheendofthatcycle.

9.6.3 Noforwardgearratiopairmaybe:

a) Lessthan12mmwidewhenmeasuredacrossthegeartoothattherootdiameteroranypoint1mmaboveorbelowtherootdiameter.Abovethisareaeachsideofthegearteethmaybechamferedbyamaximumof10˚.Inaddition,achamferorradiusnotexceeding2.0mmmaybeappliedtothesidesandthetipoftheteeth.

b) Lessthan85mmbetweencentres.

c) Lessthan600ginweight(excludinganyintegralshaftorcollar).Ifanintegralshaftorcollaristobeexcludedthemassofthismaybeshownbycalculationassumingthegeartobe12mmwideandtheshaftgeometrytobethesameasthatwhereslideongearsareused.

9.6.4 Gearratiosmustbemadefromsteel.

9.6.5 ContinuouslyvariabletransmissionsystemsarenotpermittedtotransmitthepowerofthepowerunitdefinedinArticle5.1.

9.7 Reversegear:

AllcarsmustbeabletobedriveninreversebythedriveratanytimeduringtheEvent.

9.8 Gearchanging:

9.8.1 Automaticgearchangesareconsideredadriveraidandarethereforenotpermitted.

Forthepurposesofgearchanging,theclutchandpowerunittorqueneednotbeunderthecontrolofthedriver.

9.8.2 Gearchangingisrestrictedduringthefollowingperiods:

Onegearchangeispermittedaftertheracehasstartedandbeforethecarspeedhasreached80km/h,providedeverygearfittedtothecariscapableofachievingatleast80km/hat15,000rpm.

9.8.3 Theminimumpossiblegearthedriverisabletoselectmustremainfixedwhilstthecarismoving.

Eachindividualgearchangemustbeseparatelyinitiatedbythedriverand,withinthemechanicalconstraintsofthegearbox;therequestedgearmustbeengagedimmediatelyunlessover-revprotectionisusedtorejectthegearshiftrequest.Onceagearchangerequesthasbeenacceptednofurtherrequestsmaybeaccepteduntilthefirstgearchangehasbeencompleted.

MultiplegearchangesmayonlybemadeunderArticle5.22orwhenashifttogearboxneutralismadefollowingarequestfromthedriver.

Ifanover-revprotectionstrategyisusedthismayonlypreventengagementofthetargetgear,itmustnotinduceadelaygreaterthan50ms.Ifagearchangeisrefusedinthisway,engagementmayonlyfollowanewandseparaterequestmadebythedriver.

Anyde-bouncetimeusedtoconditiondrivergearchangerequestsmustbefixed.

9.8.4 Themaximumpermitteddurationfordownchangesandupchangesis300msand200msrespectively.Themaximumpermitteddelayforthelatteris80msfromthetimeofthedriverrequesttotheoriginalgearbeingdisengaged.

Thedurationofagearchangeisdefinedasthetimefromtherequestbeingmadetothepointatwhichallgearchangeprocessesareterminated.Ifforanyreasonthegearchangecannotbecompletedinthattimethecarmustbeleftinneutralortheoriginalgear.

9.8.5 Distancechannelortrackpositionisnotconsideredanacceptableinputtogearboxcontrol.

9.9 Torquetransfersystems:

9.9.1 Anysystemordevicethedesignofwhichiscapableoftransferringordivertingtorquefromaslowertoafasterrotatingwheelisnotpermitted.

9.9.2 Anydevicewhichiscapableoftransferringtorquebetweentheprincipalaxesofrotationofthetwofrontwheelsisprohibited.

ARTICLE10:SUSPENSIONANDSTEERINGSYSTEMS

10.1 Sprungsuspension:

10.1.1 Carsmustbefittedwithsprungsuspension.

10.1.2 Anysuspensionsystemfittedtothefrontwheelsmustbesoarrangedthatitsresponseresultsonlyfromchangesinloadappliedtothefrontwheels.

10.1.3 Anysuspensionsystemfittedtotherearwheelsmustbesoarrangedthatitsresponseresultsonlyfromchangesinloadappliedtotherearwheels.

10.2 Suspensiongeometry:

10.2.1 Withthesteeringwheelfixed,thepositionofeachwheelcentreandtheorientationofitsrotationaxismustbecompletelyanduniquelydefinedbyafunctionofitsprincipallyverticalsuspensiontravel,saveonlyfortheeffectsofreasonablecompliancewhichdoesnotintentionallyprovidefurtherdegreesoffreedom.

10.2.2 Anypowereddevicewhichiscapableofalteringtheconfigurationoraffectingtheperformanceofanypartofanysuspensionsystemisforbidden.

10.2.3 Noadjustmentmaybemadetoanysuspensionsystemwhilethecarisinmotion.

10.3 Suspensionmembers:

10.3.1 Withtheexceptionofminimallocalchangesofsectionforthepassageofhydraulicbrakelines,electricalwiringandwheeltethersortheattachmentofflexures,rodendsandsphericalbearings,thecross-sectionsofeachmemberofeverysuspensioncomponent,whentakennormaltoastraightlinebetweentheinnerandouterattachmentpoints,must:

a) Intersectthestraightlinebetweentheinnerandouterattachmentpoints,withtheexceptionoffrontsuspensionelementsforthesolepurposeofensuringminimumclearancewiththewheelrimatfullsteeringlock.

b) Haveamajoraxisnogreaterthan100mm.

c) Haveanaspectrationogreaterthan3.5:1.

d) Havenodimensionwhichexceeds100mm.

Themajoraxiswillbedefinedasthelargestaxisofsymmetryofanysuchcross-section.Thelengthoftheintersectionofthisaxiswiththecross-sectionmustnotbelessthan95%ofthemaximumdimensionofthesection.

10.3.2 Suspensionmembershavingsharedattachmentpointswillbeconsideredbyavirtualdissectionintodiscretemembers.

10.3.3 Nomajoraxisofacrosssectionofasuspensionmember,takennormaltoastraightlinebetweentheinnerandouterattachmentpoints,whenassessedinaccordancewithArticle10.3.1,maysubtendananglegreaterthan10°tothereferenceplanewiththecarsettothenominaldesignrideheight.

10.3.4 Non-structuralpartsofsuspensionmembersareconsideredbodywork.

10.3.5 Theremaybenomorethansixsuspensionmembersconnectingeachsuspensionuprighttothefullysprungpartofthecar.

Redundantsuspensionmembersarenotpermitted.

10.3.6 Inordertohelppreventawheelbecomingseparatedintheeventofallsuspensionmembersconnectingittothecarfailing,flexibletetherseachwithacrosssectionalareagreaterthan110mm²mustbefitted.Thesolepurposeofthetethersistopreventawheelbecomingseparatedfromthecar,theyshouldperformnootherfunction.

Thetethersandtheirattachmentsmustalsobedesignedinordertohelppreventawheelmakingcontactwiththedriver'sheadduringanaccident.

EachwheelmustbefittedwithtwotetherseachofwhichcomplywithFIAstandard8864-2013andeachofwhichhasaminimumenergyabsorptionof7kJ.

Eachtethermusthaveitsownseparateattachmentsatbothendswhich:

a) Areabletowithstandatensileforceof70kNinanydirectionwithinaconeof45°(includedangle)measuredfromtheloadlineoftherelevantsuspensionmember.

b) Onthesurvivalcellorgearboxareseparatedbyatleast100mmmeasuredbetweenthecentresofthetwoattachmentpoints.

c) Oneachwheel/uprightassemblyareseparatedbyatleast90°radiallywithrespecttotheaxisofthewheeland100mmmeasuredbetweenthecentresofthetwoattachmentpoints.

d) Areabletoaccommodatetetherendfittingswithaminimuminsidediameterof15mm.

Furthermore,nosuspensionmembermaycontainmorethanonetether.

Eachtethermustexceed450mminlengthandmustutiliseendfittingswhichresultinatetherbendradiusgreaterthan7.5mm.

10.4 Steering:

10.4.1 Anysteeringsystemwhichpermitsthere-alignmentofmorethantwowheelsisnotpermitted.

10.4.2 Powerassistedsteeringsystemsmaynotbeelectronicallycontrolledorelectricallypowered.Nosuchsystemmaycarryoutanyfunctionotherthanreducethephysicaleffortrequiredtosteerthecar.

10.4.3 Nopartofthesteeringwheelorcolumn,noranypartfittedtothem,maybeclosertothedriverthanaplaneformedbytheentirerearedgeofthesteeringwheelrim.Allpartsfixedtothesteeringwheelmustbefittedinsuchawayastominimisetheriskofinjuryintheeventofadriver’sheadmakingcontactwithanypartofthewheelassembly.

10.4.4 Thesteeringwheel,steeringcolumnandsteeringrackassemblymustpassanimpacttest,detailsofthetestproceduremaybefoundinArticle16.5.

10.5 SuspensionUprights:

10.5.1 ThesuspensionuprightsmayonlybemadefromUNSA92014,UNSA92618,UNSA97075orEN/AA7022aluminiumalloys.

10.5.2 Theloadsfromthesuspensionmembersandwheelbearingsmustindividuallyandentirelybecarriedbythesuspensionupright.Exceptionallyuptothreesuspensionmembersmaybeconnectedtogetherbytitanium,aluminiumalloyorsteelcomponentsbeforetheirloadispassedintotheupright.

10.5.3 Suspensionuprightsmaynotprotrudebeyond:

a) Averticalplaneparalleltotheinnerfaceofthewheelrimanddisplacedfromitby120mmtowardthecarcentreline.

b) Aradiusof180mmfromthecentreofthewheelwhenviewedfromtheside.

Theabovemeasurementswillbemadewiththewheelheldinaverticalposition.

ARTICLE11:BRAKESYSTEM

11.1 Brakecircuitsandpressuredistribution:

11.1.1 Withtheexceptionofapowerunit,allcarsmustbeequippedwithonlyonebrakesystem.Thissystemmustcomprisesolelyoftwoseparatehydrauliccircuitsoperatedbyonepedal,onecircuitoperatingonthetwofrontwheelsandtheotheronthetworearwheels.Thissystemmustbedesignedsothatifafailureoccursinonecircuitthepedalwillstilloperatethebrakesintheother.

Thediametersofthemastercylindersactingonthetworearwheelsandthetwofrontwheelsmustbewithin2mmofeachotherandhavethesameavailabletravel.Thesameprinciplemustbeappliedinmulti-stagemastercylinderdesigns.

11.1.2 Thebrakesystemmustbedesignedinorderthattheforceexertedonthebrakepadswithineachcircuitarethesameatalltimes.

11.1.3 Anypowereddevice,otherthanthesystemreferredtoinArticle11.7,whichiscapableofalteringtheconfigurationoraffectingtheperformanceofanypartofthebrakesystemisforbidden.

11.1.4 Anychangeto,ormodulationof,thebrakesystemwhilstthecarisonthetrackmustbemadebythedriver'sdirectphysicalinputorbythesystemreferredtoinArticle11.7,andmaynotbepre-set.

11.2 Brakecalipers:

11.2.1 Allbrakecalipersmustbemadefromaluminiummaterialswithamodulusofelasticitynogreaterthan80Gpa.

11.2.2 Nomorethantwoattachmentsmaybeusedtosecureeachbrakecalipertothecar.

11.2.3 Nomorethanonecaliper,withamaximumofsixpistons,ispermittedoneachwheel.

11.2.4 Thesectionofeachcaliperpistonmustbecircular.

11.3 Brakediscsandpads:

11.3.1 Nomorethanonebrakediscispermittedoneachwheelwhichmusthavethesamerotationalvelocityasthewheelitisconnectedto.

11.3.2 Alldiscsmusthaveamaximumthicknessof32mmandamaximumoutsidediameterof278mm.

11.3.3 Nomorethantwobrakepadsarepermittedoneachwheel.

11.4 Airducts:

Airductsaroundthefrontandrearbrakeswillbeconsideredpartofthebrakingsystemandshallnotprotrudebeyond:

a) Aplaneparalleltothegroundsituatedatadistanceof160mmabovethehorizontalcentrelineofthewheel.

b) Aplaneparalleltothegroundsituatedatadistanceof160mmbelowthehorizontalcentrelineofthewheel.

c) Averticalplaneparalleltotheinnerfaceofthewheelrimanddisplacedfromitby120mmtowardthecarcentreline.

Furthermore:

d) Whenviewedfromthesidetheductsmustnotprotrudeforwardsbeyondaradiusof330mmfromthecentreofthewheelorbackwardsbeyondaradiusof180mmfromthecentreofthewheel.

e) Theductsmaynotrotatewiththewheelsnormaythey,oranyoftheirmountings,protrudeaxiallybeyondtheouterfaceofthewheelfastener.

f) Nopartofthecar,otherthanthosespecificallydefinedinArticles12.8.1and12.8.2,mayobscureanypartofthewheelwhenviewedfromtheoutsideofthecartowardsthecarcentrelinealongtheaxisofthewheel.

Allmeasurementswillbemadewiththewheelheldinaverticalposition.

11.5 Brakepressuremodulation:

11.5.1 Nobrakingsystemmaybedesignedtopreventwheelsfromlockingwhenthedriverappliespressuretothebrakepedal.

11.5.2 Nobrakingsystemmaybedesignedtoincreasethepressureinthebrakecalipersabovethatachievedbythedriverapplyingpressuretothepedalunderallconditions.

11.6 Liquidcooling:

Liquidcoolingofthebrakesisforbidden.

11.7 Rearbrakecontrolsystem:

Thepressureintherearbrakingcircuitmaybeprovidedbyapoweredcontrolsystemprovidedthat:

a) Thedriverbrakepedalisconnectedtoahydraulicmastercylinderthatgeneratesapressuresourcethatcanbeappliedtotherearbrakingcircuitifthepoweredsystemisdisabled.

b) ThepoweredsystemiscontrolledbythecontrolelectronicsdescribedinArticle8.2.

ARTICLE12:WHEELSANDTYRES

12.1 Location:

Wheels must be external to the bodywork in plan view, with the rear aerodynamic deviceremoved.

12.2 Numberofwheels:

Thenumberofwheelsisfixedatfour.

12.3 Wheelmaterial:

WheelsmustbemadefromAZ70orAZ80magnesiumalloys.

12.4 Wheeldimensions:

12.4.1 Completewheelwidthmustliebetween370mmand385mmwhenfittedtothefrontofthecarandbetween455mmand470mmwhenfittedtotherear.

12.4.2 Completewheeldiametermustnotexceed670mmwhenfittedwithdry-weathertyresor680mmwhenfittedwithwetweathertyres.

12.4.3 Completewheelwidthanddiameterwillbemeasuredhorizontallyataxleheight,withthewheelheldinaverticalpositionandwhenfittedwithnewtyresinflatedto1.4bar.

12.4.4 Wheeldimensionsandgeometrymustcomplywiththefollowingspecifications:

a) Theminimumwheelthicknessis2.5mm.

b) Theminimumbeadthicknessis4.0mm(measuredfromhumptoouteredgeofthelip).

c) TheETRTOstandardbeadprofileisprescribed.

d) Thetyremountingwidthsare13.7”(348.0mm+/-0.5mm)front;16.9”(429.3mm+/-0.5mm)rear.

e) Thewheellipthicknessis9mm(+/-1mm).

f) Theouterlipdiameteris358mm(+/-1mm).

g) Aliprecessofmaximum1.0mmdepthbetweenaradiusof165mmandaradiusof173mmfromwheelaxisispermitted(forwheelbranding,logo,partnumber,etc.).

h) Withtheexceptionofthewheellip,onlyasingleturnedprofilewithamaximumthicknessof8mmisallowedradiallyoutboardoftheexclusionzonesspecifiedinArticle12.4.5.

i) Thedesignofthewheelmustmeetthegeneralrequirementsofthetyresupplierforthemountinganddismountingoftyresincludingallowanceforsensorsandvalves.

j) Thewheeldesigncannotbehandedbetweenleftandrightdesigns.

12.4.5 Nowheelmaterialispermittedinthefollowingexclusionzones:

a) Aconcentriccylinderofdiameter305mmandlength115mmpositionedwithitsinnerfacelyinginthesameplaneastheinboardfaceofthefrontwheel.

b) Aconcentriccylinderofdiameter305mmandlength25mmpositionedwithitsouterfacelyinginthesameplaneastheoutboardfaceofthefrontwheel.

c) Aconcentriccylinderofdiameter305mmandlength100mmpositionedwithitsinnerfacelyinginthesameplaneastheinboardfaceoftherearwheel.

d) Aconcentriccylinderofdiameter305mmandlength30mmpositionedwithitsouterfacelyinginthesameplaneastheoutboardfaceoftherearwheel.

12.4.6 Whenviewedperpendiculartotheplaneformedbytheouterfaceofthewheelandbetweenthediametersof120mmand270mmthewheelmayhaveanareaofnogreaterthan24,000mm2.

12.5 Supplyoftyres:

12.5.1 Alltyresmustbeusedassuppliedbythemanufacturer,anymodificationortreatmentsuchascutting,grooving,theapplicationofsolventsorsoftenersisprohibited.Thisappliestodry,intermediateandwet-weathertyres.

12.5.2 If,intheopinionoftheappointedtyresupplierandFIAtechnicaldelegate,thenominatedtyrespecificationprovestobetechnicallyunsuitable,thestewardsmayauthorisetheuseofadditionaltyrestoadifferentspecification.

12.5.3 If,intheinterestsofmaintainingcurrentlevelsofcircuitsafety,theFIAdeemsitnecessarytoreducetyregrip,itshallintroducesuchrulesasthetyresuppliermayadviseor,intheabsenceofadvicewhichachievestheFIA'sobjectives,specifythemaximumpermissiblecontactareasforfrontandreartyres.

12.6 Specificationoftyres:

12.6.1 Tyrespecificationswillbedeterminedbythetyresupplier,inagreementwiththeFIA,nolaterthan1Septemberofthepreviousseasonfortheconstructionand1DecemberfortherangeofcompoundstobeusedduringtheChampionshipseason.Oncedeterminedinthisway,thespecificationofthetyreswillnotbechangedwithouttheagreementofatleast70%ofthecompetingteams.

Notwithstandingtheabove,theFIAmaydecidetochangethespecificationduringtheChampionshipseasonforsafetyreasonswithoutnoticeordelay.

12.7 Treatmentoftyres:

12.7.1 Tyresmayonlybeinflatedwithairornitrogen.

12.7.2 Anyprocesstheintentofwhichistoreducetheamountofmoistureinthetyreand/orinitsinflationgasisforbidden.

12.7.3 Theonlypermittedtypeoftyreheatingdevicesareblanketswhichuseresistiveheatingelements.Theheatingelementsmayonlyactupontheoutertyresurface.

12.8 Wheelassembly:

12.8.1 Theonlypartswhichmaybephysicallyattachedtothewheelinadditiontothetyrearesurfacetreatmentsforappearanceandprotection,valvesforfillinganddischargingthetyre,wheelfasteners,balanceweights,drivepegs,tyrepressureandtemperaturemonitoringdevicesandspacersontheinboardmountingfaceofidenticalspecificationonallwheelsforthesameaxle.

12.8.2 Thewheelmustbeattachedtothecarwithasinglefastener.Theouterdiameterofthefastenermustnotexceed105mmandtheaxiallengthmustnotexceed75mm.ThewheelfastenermaynotattachormountanyparttothecarexceptthewheelassemblydescribedinArticle12.8.1.

12.8.3 Acompletewheelmustcontainasinglefixedinternalgasvolume.Novalves,bleedsorpermeablemembranesarepermittedotherthantoinflateordeflatethetyrewhilstthecarisstationary.

12.8.4 Deviceswhichareusedtofitorremovewheelfastenersmayonlybepoweredbycompressedairornitrogen.

Anysensorsystemsmayonlyactpassively.

ARTICLE13:COCKPIT

13.1 Cockpitopening:

13.1.1 Inordertoensurethattheopeninggivingaccesstothecockpitisofadequatesize,thetemplateshowninDrawing2willbeinsertedintothesurvivalcellandbodywork.

Duringthistestthesteeringwheel,steeringcolumn,seatandallpaddingrequiredbyArticles14.6.1-6(includingfixings),mayberemovedand:

a) Thetemplatemustbeheldhorizontalandloweredverticallyfromabovethecaruntilitsloweredgeis525mmabovethereferenceplane.

b) ReferringtoDrawing2,theedgeofthetemplatewhichliesonthelined-emustbenolessthan1800mmbehindthelineA-AshowninDrawing5.

Anymeasurementsmadefromthecockpitentrytemplate(whenreferredtoinArticles13.1.3,14.3.3,15.2.2,15.4.5,15.4.6,15.5.4,16.3and18.5),mustalsobemadewhilstthetemplateisheldinthisposition.

13.1.2 Theforwardextremityofthecockpitopening,evenifstructuralandpartofthesurvivalcell,mustbeatleast50mminfrontofthesteeringwheel.

13.1.3 Thedrivermustbeabletoenterandgetoutofthecockpitwithoutitbeingnecessarytoopenadoororremoveanypartofthecarotherthanthesteeringwheel.Whenseatednormally,thedrivermustbefacingforwardsandtherearmostpartofhiscrashhelmetmaybenomorethan125mmforwardoftherearedgeofthecockpitentrytemplate.

13.1.4 Fromhisnormalseatingposition,withallseatbeltsfastenedandwhilstwearinghisusualdrivingequipment,thedrivermustbeabletoremovethesteeringwheelandgetoutofthecarwithin5secondsandthenreplacethesteeringwheelinatotalof10seconds.

Forthistest,thepositionofthesteeredwheelswillbedeterminedbytheFIAtechnicaldelegateandafterthesteeringwheelhasbeenreplacedsteeringcontrolmustbemaintained.

13.2 Steeringwheel:

Thesteeringwheelmustbefittedwithaquickreleasemechanismoperatedbypullingaconcentricflangeinstalledonthesteeringcolumnbehindthewheel.

13.3 Internalcrosssection:

13.3.1 Afreeverticalcrosssection,whichallowstheoutertemplateshowninDrawing3tobepassedverticallythroughthecockpittoapoint100mmbehindthefaceoftherearmostpedalwhenintheinoperativeposition,mustbemaintainedoveritsentirelength.

TheonlythingswhichmayencroachonthisareaarethesteeringwheelandanypaddingthatisrequiredbyArticle14.6.7.

13.3.2 Afreeverticalcrosssection,whichallowstheinnertemplateshowninDrawing3tobepassedverticallythroughthecockpittoapoint100mmbehindthefaceofrearmostpedalwhenintheinoperativeposition,mustbemaintainedoveritsentirelength.

Theonlythingwhichmayencroachonthisareaisthesteeringwheel.

13.3.3 Thedriver,seatednormallywithhisseatbeltsfastenedandwiththesteeringwheelremovedmustbeabletoraisebothlegstogethersothathiskneesarepasttheplaneofthesteeringwheelintherearwarddirection.Thisactionmustnotbepreventedbyanypartofthecar.

13.4 Positionofthedriver’sfeet:

13.4.1 Thesurvivalcellmustextendfrombehindthefueltankinaforwarddirectiontoapointatleast300mminfrontofthedriver'sfeet,withhisfeetrestingonthepedalsandthepedalsintheinoperativeposition.

13.4.2 Whenheisseatednormally,thesolesofthedriver'sfeet,restingonthepedalsintheinoperativeposition,mustnotbesituatedforwardofthefrontwheelcentreline.

ARTICLE14:SAFETYEQUIPMENT

14.1 Fireextinguishers:

14.1.1 Allcarsmustbefittedwithafireextinguishingsystemwhichwilldischargeintothecockpitandintotheenginecompartment.

14.1.2 AnyextinguishantlistedintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulationsispermitted.

14.1.3 Thequantityofextinguishantmayvaryaccordingtothetypeofextinguishantused,alistofquantitiesmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

14.1.4 Whenoperated,thefireextinguishingsystemmustdischarge95%ofitscontentsataconstantpressureinnolessthan10secondsandnomorethan30seconds.

Ifmorethanonecontainerwithextinguishantisfitted,theymustbereleasedsimultaneously.

14.1.5 Eachpressurevesselmustbeequippedwithameansofcheckingitspressurewhichmayvaryaccordingtothetypeofextinguishantused.AlistofpressuresmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

14.1.6 Thefollowinginformationmustbevisibleoneachcontainerwithextinguishant:

a) Typeofextinguishant;

b) Weightorvolumeoftheextinguishant;

c) Datethecontainermustbecheckedwhichmustbenomorethantwoyearsafterthedateoffilling.

14.1.7 Allpartsoftheextinguishingsystemmustbesituatedwithinthesurvivalcellandallextinguishingequipmentmustwithstandfire.

14.1.8 Anytriggeringsystemhavingitsownsourceofenergyispermitted,provideditispossibletooperateallextinguishersshouldthemainelectricalcircuitsofthecarfail.

Thedrivermustbeabletotriggertheextinguishingsystemmanuallywhenseatednormallywithhissafetybeltsfastenedandthesteeringwheelinplace.

Furthermore,ameansoftriggeringfromtheoutsidemustbecombinedwiththecircuitbreakerswitchesdescribedinArticle14.2.1.Theymustbemarkedwithaletter"E"inredatleast80mmtall,withalinethicknessofatleast8mm,insideawhitecircleofatleast100mmdiameterwitharededgewithalinethicknessofatleast4mm.

14.1.9 Thesystemmustworkinanyposition,evenwhenthecarisinverted.

14.1.10Allextinguishernozzlesmustbesuitablefortheextinguishantandbeinstalledinsuchawaythattheyarenotdirectlypointedatthedriver.

14.2 Masterswitch:

14.2.1 Thedriver,whenseatednormallywiththesafetybeltsfastenedandthesteeringwheelinplace,mustbeabletocutofftheelectricalcircuitstotheignition,allfuelpumpsandtherearlightbymeansofasparkproofcircuitbreakerswitch.

Thisswitchmustbelocatedonthedashboardandmustbeclearlymarkedbyasymbolshowingaredsparkinawhiteedgedbluetriangle.

14.2.2 Theremustalsobetwoexteriorhorizontalhandleswhicharecapableofbeingoperatedfromadistancebyahook.ThesehandlesmustbesituatedatthebaseofthemainrolloverstructureonbothsidesofthecarandhavethesamefunctionastheswitchdescribedinArticle14.2.1.

14.3 Rearviewmirrors:

14.3.1 Allcarsmusthavetwomirrorsmountedsothatthedriverhasvisibilitytotherearandbothsidesofthecar.

14.3.2 Thereflectivesurfaceofeachmirrormustbeatleast150mmwide,thisbeingmaintainedoveraheightofatleast50mm.Additionally,eachcornermayhavearadiusnogreaterthan10mm.

14.3.3 Allpartsoftherearviewmirrors,includingtheirhousingsandmountings,mustbesituatedbetween250mmand500mmfromthecarcentrelineandbetween550mmand750mmfromtherearedgeofthecockpitentrytemplate.

14.3.4 TheFIAtechnicaldelegatemustbesatisfiedbyapracticaldemonstrationthatthedriver,whenseatednormally,canclearlydefinefollowingvehicles.

Forthispurpose,thedrivershallberequiredtoidentifyanyletterornumber,150mmhighand100mmwide,placedanywhereonboardsbehindthecar,thepositionsofwhicharedetailedbelow:

Height : From400mmto1000mmfromtheground.

Width : 4000mmeithersideofthecarcentreline.

Position : 10mbehindtherearwheelcentreline.

14.4 Safetybelts:

Itismandatorytoweartwoshoulderstraps,oneabdominalstrapandtwostrapsbetweenthelegs.ThesestrapsmustbesecurelyfixedtothecarandmustcomplywithFIAstandard8853-2016.

14.5 Rearlight:

AllcarsmusthavearedlightinworkingorderthroughouttheEventwhich:

a) HasbeensuppliedbyanFIAdesignatedmanufacturer.

b) Facesrearwardsat90°tothecarcentrelineandthereferenceplane.

c) Isclearlyvisiblefromtherear.

d) Ismountednominallyonthecarcentreline.

e) Ismounted300mm(+/-5mm)abovethereferenceplane.

f) Isnolessthan595mmbehindtherearwheelcentrelinemeasuredparalleltothereferenceplane.

g) Canbeswitchedonbythedriverwhenseatednormallyinthecar.

Thetwomeasurementsabovewillbetakentothecentreoftherearfaceofthelightunit.

14.6 Cockpitpadding:

14.6.1 Allcarsmustbeequippedwiththreeareasofpaddingforthedriver’sheadwhich:

a) Aresoarrangedthattheycanberemovedfromthecarasonepart.

b) Arelocatedbytwohorizontalpegsbehindthedriver'sheadandtwoquickreleasefixings,whichareclearlyindicatedandeasilyremovablewithouttools,atthefrontcorners.Notapeorsimilarmaterialmaybeusedtocovertheforwardfixingsoftheheadrest.

c) Aremadefromamaterialwhichissuitablefortherelevantambientairtemperature,detailsofapprovedmaterialsandthetemperaturebandsinwhichtheyshouldbeusedmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

d) Arecovered,inallareaswherethedriver’sheadislikelytomakecontact,withtwopliesofAramidfibre/epoxyresincompositepre-pregmaterialinplainweave60gsmfabricwithacuredresincontentof50%(+/-5%)byweight.

e) Arepositionedsoastobethefirstpointofcontactforthedriver'shelmetintheeventofanimpactprojectinghisheadtowardsthemduringanaccident.

14.6.2 Thefirstareaofpaddingforthedriver’sheadmustbepositionedbehindhimandbebetween75mmand90mmthickoveranareaofatleast40000mm².Ifnecessary,andonlyfordrivercomfort,anadditionalpieceofpaddingnogreaterthan10mmthickmaybeattachedtothisheadrestprovideditismadefromasimilarmaterialwhichincorporatesalowfrictionsurface.

14.6.3 Whilstheisseatednormallythetwofurtherareasofpaddingforthedriver’sheadmustbepositionedinanareaboundedbytwoverticallinesandonehorizontallinethroughthefront,rearandlowerextremitiesofthedriver’shelmet(onthecarcentreline),andtheuppersurfaceofthesurvivalcell.

Eachofthesemustcoveranareagreaterthan35750mm²whenviewedfromthesideofthecarandbenolessthan95mmthick,thisminimumthicknessbeingmaintainedtotheupperedgesofthesurvivalcellandovertheirentirelength.Theminimumthicknesswillbeassessedperpendiculartothecarcentrelinebutaradiusnogreaterthan10mmmaybeappliedalongtheirupperinboardedges.

Furthermore,anyvoidbetweentheseareasofpaddingandtheareadescribedinArticle14.6.2mustalsobecompletelyfilledwiththesamematerial.

Ifnecessary,andonlyfordrivercomfort,anadditionalpieceofpaddingnogreaterthan20mmthickmaybeattachedtotheseheadrestsprovidedtheyaremadefromasimilarmaterialwhichincorporatesalowfrictionsurface.

14.6.4 Forwardofthesideareasofpaddingfurthercockpitpaddingmustbeprovidedoneachsideofthecockpitrim.Thepurposeoftheadditionalpaddingistoaffordprotectiontothedriver'sheadintheeventofanobliquefrontalimpactandmustthereforebemadefromthesamematerialastheotherthreeareasofpadding.

Theseextensionsmust:

a) Besymmetricallypositionedaboutthecarcentrelineandacontinuationofthesideareasofpadding.

b) Bepositionedwiththeiruppersurfacesatleastashighasthesurvivalcellovertheirentirelength.

c) Havearadiusontheirupperinboardedgenogreaterthan10mm.

d) Bepositionedinorderthatthedistancebetweenthetwoisnolessthan320mm.

e) Beashighaspracticablewithintheconstraintsofdrivercomfort.

14.6.5 Allofthepaddingdescribedabovemustbesoinstalledthatifmovementofthedriver'shead,inanyexpectedtrajectoryduringanaccident,weretocompressthefoamfullyatanypoint,hishelmetwouldnotmakecontactwithanystructuralpartofthecar.

14.6.6 Nopartofthepaddingdescribedabovemayobscuresightofanypartofthedriver'shelmetwhenheisseatednormallyandviewedfromdirectlyabovethecar.

14.6.7 Inordertominimisetheriskofleginjuryduringanaccident,additionalareasofpaddingmustbefittedeachsideof,andabove,thedriver’slegs.

Theseareasofpaddingmust:

a) BemadefromamaterialdescribedintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

b) Benolessthan25mmthickovertheirentirearea.

c) Covertheareasituatedbetweenpointslying50mmbehindthecentreofthepointatwhichthesecondrollstructuretestiscarriedoutand100mmbehindthefaceoftherearmostpedalwhenintheinoperativeposition,asshowninDrawing4.

d) CovertheareaabovethelineA-AshowninDrawing3.

14.7 Wheelretention:

14.7.1 Allcars,whilstundertheirownpower,mustbefittedwithdualstagedeviceswhichwillretainthewheelfastenerintheeventofitcomingloosefrombothitsfullfittedpositionandfromanyangularpositionbeforethefastenerbeginstoengageontheaxlethread.

14.7.2 Eachteammustprovidetestresultswhichdemonstratethatthesewheelretentiondeviceswillpreventawheelcomingoffthecarintheeventofthefastenereitherbeingleftlooseorbecomingloose.

14.7.3 Furthermore,thedualstageretainingsystemsmustincorporateameansofallowingthewheeloperator/fittertovisuallyidentifyanincorrectlyfittedfastener.

14.8 Seatfixingandremoval:

14.8.1 Inorderthataninjureddrivermayberemovedfromthecarinhisseatfollowinganaccident,allcarsmustbefittedwithaseatwhich,ifitissecured,mustbedonesowithnomorethantwobolts.Ifboltsareusedtheymustbe:

a) Clearlyindicatedandeasilyaccessibletorescuecrews.

b) Fittedvertically.

c) Removablewiththesametoolforallteamsandwhichisissuedtoallrescuecrews.

14.8.2 Theseatmustbeequippedwithreceptacleswhichpermitthefittingofbeltstosecurethedriverandonewhichwillpermitthefittingofaheadstabilisationdevice.

14.8.3 Theseatmustberemovablewithouttheneedtocutorremoveanyoftheseatbelts.

14.8.4 Detailsofthetoolreferredtoabove,thebeltreceptaclesandtheheadstabilisationdevicemaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

14.9 Headandnecksupports:

Noheadandnecksupportwornbythedrivermaybelessthan25mmfromanystructuralpartofthecarwhenheisseatedinhisnormaldrivingposition.

ARTICLE15:CARCONSTRUCTION

15.1 Permittedmaterials:

15.1.1 Thefollowingisthelistofpermittedmaterials.ThesearetheonlymaterialspermittedtobeusedintheconstructionoftheFormulaOneCarprovidedonlythatinallcasesthematerialisavailableonanon-exclusivebasisandundernormalcommercialtermstoallcompetitors.

Permittedmaterials:

1) Aluminiumalloys.

2) Siliconcarbideparticulatereinforcedaluminiumalloymatrixcomposites.

3) Steelalloys.

4) Cobaltalloys.

5) Copperalloyscontaining≤2.5%byweightofBeryllium.

6) Titaniumalloys(butnotforuseinfastenerswith<15mmdiametermalethread).

7) Magnesiumalloys.

8) Nickelbasedalloyscontaining50%<Ni<69%.

9) Tungstenalloy.

10) Thermoplastics:monolithic,particulatefilled,shortfibrereinforced.

11) Thermosets:monolithic,particulatefilled,shortfibrereinforced.

12) Carbonfibresmanufacturedfrompolyacrylonitrile(PAN)precursor.(*)

13) Carbonfibresmanufacturedfrompolyacrylonitrile(PAN)precursorwhichhave:

- Atensilemodulus≤550GPa.

- Adensity≤1.92g/cm3.

- Unidirectionalorplanarreinforcementwithintheirpre-impregnatedform,notincludingthreedimensionalweavesorstitchedfabrics(butthreedimensionalpreformsandfibrereinforcementusingZ-pinningtechnologyarepermitted).

- Nocarbonnanotubesincorporatedwithinthefibreoritsmatrix.

- Apermittedmatrix,notincludingacarbonmatrix.

14) Aramidfibres.

15) Poly(p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole)fibres(e.g.“Zylon”).

16) Polyethylenefibres.

17) Polypropylenefibres.

18) EandSGlassfibres.

19) Sandwichpanelcores:Aluminium,Nomex,polymerfoams,syntacticfoams,balsawood,carbonfoam.

20) Thematrixsystemutilisedinallpre-impregnatedmaterialsmustbeepoxy,cyanateester,phenolic,bismaleimide,polyurethane,polyesterorpolyimidebased.(*)

21) Thematrixsystemutilisedinallpre-impregnatedmaterialsmustbeepoxy,cyanateesterorbismaleimidebased.

22) Monolithicceramics.

[Materialsmarked(*)arepermittedonlyforpartsclassifiedaseitherfront,rearorsideimpactstructures,sideintrusionpanelsorsuspensionmembersasregulatedbyArticles15.4.3,15.5.3,15.4.6,15.4.7and10.3oftheTechnicalRegulationsrespectively.]

Exceptions:

1) Allelectricalcomponents(e.g.controlboxes,wiringlooms,sensors).

2) Allseals&rubbers(e.g.rubberboots,o-rings,gaskets,anyfluidseals,bumprubbers).

3) Fluids(e.g.water,oils).

4) Tyres.

5) Coatingsandplatings(e.g.DLC,nitriding,chroming).

6) Paint.

7) Adhesives.

8) Thermalinsulation(e.g.felts,goldtape,heatshields).

9) Allcurrentlyregulatedmaterials(e.g.fuelbladder,headrest,extinguishant,padding,plank).

10) Brakeandclutchfrictionmaterials.

11) AllpartsofpowerunitshomologatedaccordingtoAppendix4oftheSportingRegulations.

15.1.2 Nopartsofthecarmaybemadefrommetallicmaterialswhichhaveaspecificmodulusofelasticitygreaterthan40GPa/(g/cm3).TeststoestablishconformitywillbecarriedoutinaccordancewithFIATestProcedure03/03,acopyofwhichmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

15.2 Rollstructures:

15.2.1 Allcarsmusthavetworollstructureswhicharedesignedtohelppreventinjurytothedriverintheeventofthecarbecominginverted.

Theprincipalstructuremustbeatleast940mmabovethereferenceplaneatapoint30mmbehindtherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate.Thesecondarystructuremustbeinfrontofthesteeringwheelanditshighestpointmaybenomorethan1050mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate.

Thetworollstructuresmustbeofsufficientheighttoensurethedriver'shelmetandhissteeringwheelareatleast70mmand50mmrespectivelybelowalinedrawnbetweentheirhighestpointsatalltimes.Themeasurementswillbetakennormaltothelinebetweenthehighestpointsofthetwostructures.

15.2.2 TheprincipalstructuremustpassastaticloadtestdetailsofwhichmaybefoundinArticle17.2.Furthermore,eachteammustsupplydetailedcalculationswhichclearlyshowthatitiscapableofwithstandingthesameloadwhenthelongitudinalcomponentisappliedinaforwarddirection.

15.2.3 ThesecondarystructuremustpassastaticloadtestdetailsofwhichmaybefoundinArticle17.3.Thehighestpointofthesecondarystructuremaynotbemorethan670mmabovethereferenceplane.

15.2.4 Theprincipalrollstructuremusthaveaminimumenclosedstructuralcrosssectionof10000mm²,inverticalprojection,acrossahorizontalplane50mmbelowitshighestpoint.Theareathusestablishedmustnotexceed200mminlengthorwidthandmaynotbelessthan10000mm2belowthispoint.

15.2.5 Thesecondaryrollstructuremusthaveaminimumenclosedstructuralcrosssectionof10000mm²,inverticalprojection,acrossahorizontalplane50mmbelowitshighestpoint.

15.3 Structurebehindthedriver:

Thepartsofthesurvivalcellimmediatelybehindthedriverwhichseparatethecockpitfromthecar’sfueltank,andwhichlielessthan150mmfromthecarcentreline,maybesituatednofurtherforwardthanthelinea-b-c-d-eshowninDrawing2.

Inordertovalidatetheintegrityofthisstructurethesurvivalcellmustpassanimpacttestagainstasolidverticalbarrierplacedatrightanglestothecarcentreline.DetailsofthetestproceduremaybefoundinArticle16.3.

15.4 Survivalcellspecifications:

15.4.1 EverysurvivalcellmustincorporatethreeFIAsuppliedtranspondersforidentificationpurposes.Thesetranspondersmustbeapermanentpartofthesurvivalcell,bepositionedinaccordancewithDrawing6andmustbeaccessibleforverificationatanytime.

15.4.2 Thesurvivalcellmusthaveanopeningforthedriver,theminimumdimensionsofwhicharegiveninArticle13.1.Anyotherductsoropeningsinthesurvivalcellmusteither:

a) Beoftheminimumsize,andforthesolepurposeof,allowingaccesstomechanicalcomponents.

b) Beforthesolepurposeofcoolingthedriverormechanicalorelectricalcomponents,theareaofanysuchductoropeningmaynotexceed3000mm2.

15.4.3 Animpactabsorbingstructuremustbefittedinfrontofthesurvivalcell.Thisstructureneednotbeanintegralpartofthesurvivalcellbutmustbesolidlyattachedtoitandbearrangedsymmetricallyaboutthecarcentreline.

Nopartofthisstructuremayliemorethan525mmabovethereferenceplaneanditsforward-mostpointmustnotbelessthan1050mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentreline.

Itmusthave:

a) Asingleexternalverticalcross-section,perpendiculartothecarcentreline,ofmorethan9000mm²atapoint50mmbehinditsforward-mostpoint.Nopartofthiscross-sectionmaylielessthan135mmabovethereferenceplaneanditsoverallwidthmustnotexceed140mm.

b) Asingleexternalverticalcross-section,perpendiculartothecarcentreline,ofmorethan20000mm²atapoint150mmbehinditsforward-mostpoint.Theoverallwidthofthiscross-sectionmustnotexceed330mm.

Whenmeasuringthesesections,onlypartsbetweenthehighestpointofthesectionand100mmverticallybelowthispoint,maybeconsidered.

Eachexternalverticalcross-section,takenperpendiculartothecarcentrelinebetweenpoints150mmbehindtheforward-mostpointofthestructureand150mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentreline,mustbeasinglesectionwithanareawhichexceedsavaluegivenbyalineartaperfrom20000mm²to60000mm²respectively.

Furthermore,alllinesdrawnnormallyandexternallytoaverticalcross-sectiontaken150mmaheadofthefrontwheelcentrelineandperpendiculartothecarcentreline,mustnotcrossaverticallongitudinalplanelyingonthecarcentreline.

15.4.4 ReferringtoDrawing5:

TheexternalwidthofthesurvivalcellbetweenthelinesB-BandC-Cmustbenolessthan450mmandmustbeatleast60mmpersidewiderthanthecockpitopeningwhenmeasurednormaltotheinsideofthecockpitaperture.Theseminimumdimensionsmustbemaintainedoveraheightofatleast350mm.

ThewidthofthesurvivalcellmaytaperforwardofthelineB-Bbut,ifthisisthecase,theoutersurfacemustnotlieclosertothecarcentrelinethanaplanewhichhasalineartapertoaminimumwidthof300mmatthelineA-A.

Theminimumwidthmustbearrangedsymmetricallyaboutthecarcentreline,mustbemaintainedoveraheightofatleast400mmatthelineB-Band275mmatthelineA-A.TheheightatanypointbetweenA-AandB-Bmustnotbelessthantheheightdefinedbyalineartaperbetweenthesetwosections.Whenassessingtheminimumexternalcross-sectionsofthesurvivalcell,radiiof50mmatthelineB-B,andreducingatalinearrateto25mmatthelineA-A,willbepermitted.

Followingtheapplicationofthepermittedradii,theexternalcross-sectionsofthesurvivalcellbetweenthelinesA-AandB-Bmust,overtheirrespectiveminimumwidths,haveaminimumheightof300mmatthelineB-Breducingatalinearratetoaminimumheightof225mmatthelineA-A.Furthermore,nopartofanyexternalcrosssectionofthesurvivalcellinthisareawhichliesmorethan250mmabovethereferenceplanemaycontainanyconcaveradiusofcurvature.

TheminimumheightofthesurvivalcellbetweenthelinesA-AandB-Bneednotbearrangedsymmetricallyaboutthehorizontalcentrelineoftherelevantsectionbutmustbemaintainedoveritsentirewidth.

ThemaximumheightofthesurvivalcellbetweenthelinesA-AandB-Bis625mmabovethereferenceplane.

Nopartofthesurvivalcell,noranypartrigidlyattachedtoit(withtheexceptionofthepanelofprescribedlaminatereferredtoinArticle3.4.2,pitottubesandantenna),maylieaboveadiagonallinestarting525mmabovethereferenceplaneatA-Aandrisingto625mmabovethereferenceplaneatapoint375mmbehindA-A.

NopartofsectionstakenatthelinesA-AandB-Bmayliemorethan525mmand625mmrespectivelyabovethereferenceplane.

TheminimumheightofthesurvivalcellbetweenthelinesB-BandC-Cis550mm.

15.4.5 WhenthetestreferredtoinArticle13.1.1iscarriedoutandthetemplateisinpositionwithitsloweredge525mmabovethereferenceplane,theshapeofthesurvivalcellmustbesuchthatnopartofitisvisiblewhenviewedfromeithersideofthecar.Thepartsofthesurvivalcellwhicharesituatedeachsideofthedriver'sheadmustbenomorethan550mmapart.

Inordertoensurethatthedriver’sheadisnotundulyexposedandforhimtomaintaingoodlateralvisibilityhemust,whenseatednormallyandlookingstraightaheadwithhisheadasfarbackaspossible,havehiseyevisiblewhenviewedfromtheside.Thecentreofgravityofhisheadmustliebelowthetopofthesurvivalcellatthisposition.Whenviewedfromthesideofthecar,thecentreofgravityofthedriver’sheadwillbedeemedtobetheintersectionofaverticallinepassingthroughthecentreofhisearandahorizontallinepassingthroughthecentreofhiseye.

15.4.6 Inordertogiveadditionalprotectiontothedriverintheeventofasideimpactaflattestpanelofuniformconstruction,whichisdesignedandconstructedinordertorepresentasectionofthesurvivalcellsides,mustpassastrengthtest.DetailsofthetestproceduremaybefoundinArticle18.7.

ReferringtoDrawing5,withtheexceptionoflocalreinforcementand/orinserts,allpartsofthesurvivalcellwhichareaswideorwiderthantheminimumwidthsstipulatedinArticle15.4.4,includinganyradiiapplied,mustbemanufacturedtothesamespecificationasasinglepanelwhichsatisfiestherequirementsofArticle18.7.However,additionalpliesmaybeusedandcorethicknessmaybeincreasedwhereapplicable,andlocalreliefapplied,providedtheFIAtechnicaldelegateissatisfiedineachcasethattheoverallstrengthofthestructurehasbeenimprovedbydoingso.

Furthermore,partstothistestedspecificationmustcoveranareawhich:

a) Beginsnolessthan250mmhighatthelineA-Ataperingatalinearratetoaminimumof450mmhighatthelineB-B.

b) Liesbetweentwohorizontallines100mmand550mmabovethereferenceplanebetweenthelineB-Bandtherearofthesurvivalcell.

15.4.7 OncetherequirementsofArticles15.4.4,15.4.6,15.5.1,15.5.2,15.5.4,15.5.5,16.1,16.2,16.3,17.1,17.2,17.3,18.1,18.2,18.3,18.4,18.5,18.6,18.7and18.9havebeenmet,panelsnolessthan6.2mmthickmustthenbepermanentlyattachedtothesurvivalcellsides.Thesepanelsmust:

a) Inalongitudinalsense,coverthearealyingbetweenthelineB-Bandalinesituated50mmbehindthelinea-b-cshowninDrawing2(whenmeasurednormaltothelinea-b-c).A50mmhorizontallineartapermaybeincludedatbothends(whenmeasurednormaltotheboundary).

b) Inaverticalsense,coverthearealyingbetweentwohorizontalplanes100mmand550mmabovethereferenceplane.

Furthermore,whenviewedfromtheside,thepanelmustcoverthecockpitentrytemplateshowninsideelevationinDrawing2.Behindaverticallinewhichlies375mmforwardoftherearedgeofthecockpitentrytemplatea20mmtapermaybeincludedatthetopedgeofthepanel.

c) Beconstructedfrom16pliesofZylonandtwopliesofcarbon,preciselay-updetailsmustbefollowedandmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

d) Bepermanentlyattachedtothesurvivalcellwithanappropriateadhesivewhichhasbeenappliedovertheirentiresurface.

Cut-outsinthesepanelstotalling35000mm²persidewillbepermittedforfittingaroundsideimpactstructures,wiringloomholesandessentialfixings.

15.4.8 OncetherequirementsofArticles15.4.4,15.4.6,15.5.1,15.5.2,15.5.4,15.5.5,16.1,16.2,16.3,17.1,17.2,17.3,18.1,18.2,18.3,18.4,18.5,18.6,18.7and18.9havebeenmetonefurtherpanel,whichmaybemadeinamaximumofthreepartsbutwhichisnolessthan3.0mmthick,mustthenbepermanentlyattachedtothesurvivalcell.Thispanelmust:

a) Inalongitudinalsense,coverthearealyingbetweenaverticalplane300mmtotherearofthelineA-Aandaverticalplane650mmforwardoftherearedgeofthecockpitentrytemplate.A25mmhorizontallineartapermaybeincludedatbothends.

b) Inaverticalsense,covereverypartoftheouterskinofthesurvivalcellinthearealyingbetweentwohorizontalplanes60mmand550mmabovethereferenceplane.ThiswillnotapplyatthetopofthispanelwhereanyradiuspermittedbyArticle15.4.4fallsinsidetheminimumpermittedchassiswidthnorfortheareafittedwiththepaneldefinedbyArticle15.4.7.

c) Ifmadeinmorethanonepart,havealladjacentpartsoverlappingbyaminimumof25mm.Theseoverlapsmayincludelineartapersinthethicknessofbothparts.

d) OverlapthepaneldefinedbyArticle15.4.7alongalljoiningedgesbyaminimumof25mm.Theseoverlapsmayincludelineartapersinthethicknessofbothparts.

e) BeconstructedfromsevenpliesofZylonandtwopliesofcarbon,preciselay-updetailsmustbefollowedandmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

f) Bepermanentlyattachedtothesurvivalcellwithanappropriateadhesivewhichhasbeenappliedoveritsentiresurfaceincludingalloverlappingjoints.

Cut-outsinthispaneltotalling15000mm²persidewillbepermittedforfittingaroundwiringloomholesandessentialfixings.

15.5 Survivalcellsafetyrequirements:

15.5.1 Thesurvivalcellandfrontalabsorbingstructuremustpassanimpacttestagainstasolidverticalbarrierplacedatrightanglestothecarcentreline.DetailsofthetestproceduremaybefoundinArticle16.2.

15.5.2 Betweentheprincipalandsecondaryrollstructures,twoimpactabsorbingstructuresmustbefittedoneachsideofthesurvivalcellandmustbesolidlyattachedtoit.Thepurposeofthesestructuresistoprotectthedriverintheeventofalateralimpactand,inordertoensurethisisthecase,strengthtestsofthemountingsmustbecarriedoutsuccessfully.DetailsofthetestproceduremaybefoundinArticles18.9and18.10.

Theimpactabsorbingstructuresmustbemanufacturedandmountedtothesurvivalcellinaccordancewiththefollowingspecifications:

a) TheconstructionandgeometryofthestructuresmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

b) Thestructuresmustbemountedwiththeprincipalaxesoftheirprismaticmountingsectionsperpendiculartothelongitudinalandverticalcentreplaneofthecar,andwiththecentresofareaoftheiroutermostlongitudinalverticalcrosssectionspositioned:

i) Longitudinally:500mm(+/-25mm)forwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateandwithin1mmofeachother.

ii) Vertically:Between400mmand520mmabovethereferenceplaneandbetween70mmand190mmabovethereferenceplanefortheupperandlowerstructuresrespectively.

iii) Laterally:Within1mmofeachother.

RefertothedrawingswhichmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

c) Mountingsmustbepermanentlybondedtothestructurestoenablethemtobeattachedtothesurvivalcell,eachofthemmust:

i) IncorporateaclosedendandinternalabutmenttotheimpactstructurethatmustbecapableofwithstandingthelateralloaddescribedinArticle18.10withoutastructuralcontributionfromthebondedinterface.

ii) Lieentirelyinboardofaplanewhichlies292mminboardoftheoutermostlongitudinalverticalcrosssectionoftheimpactstructure.

iii) BearrangedinorderthattheoutermostsurfacecreatedbyaninterfacebetweenthemountingandstructureliesonaverticalsurfacethatislocatedwithinthezoneindicatedintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

iv) Bearrangedinorderthattheinnermostextentofthebondedinterfacebetweenthemountingandstructureisoffsetinboardbyaminimumof44mmfromtheverticalsurfacedefinedin(iii)above.

v) Bearrangedinorderthatthebondedinterfacecoverstheentireexternalareaofthestructurebetweentheinnermostandoutermostextentsdefinediniii)andiv)above.

d) Toallowfordebriscompaction,theinternalvolumeofthe:

i) Upperstructuremustbeemptyoutboardofaverticalplaneintersectingthestructureleadingedgeat367mmandtrailingedgeat342mmmeasuredfromtheoutermostlongitudinalverticalcrosssectionoftheimpactstructureasindicatedintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

ii) Lowerstructuremustbeemptyoutboardofaverticalplaneintersectingthestructureleadingedgeat382mmandtrailingedgeat357mmmeasuredfromtheoutermostlongitudinalverticalcrosssectionoftheimpactstructureasindicatedintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

Nopartswhich,intheopinionoftheFIAtechnicaldelegate,wouldpreventproperfunctionoftheimpactstructuresintheeventofalateralimpactmaybepresentinthevolumelyingbetween300mmand700mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate,andbetween50mmand600mmabovethereferenceplane,andoutboardofaplane280mminboardoftheoutermostlongitudinalverticalcrosssectionoftheimpactstructures.

15.5.3 Animpactabsorbingstructuremustbefittedbehindthegearboxsymmetricallyaboutthecarcentrelinewiththecentreofareaofitsrearmostface300mm(+/-5mm)abovethereferenceplaneandnolessthan575mmbehindtherearwheelcentreline.

Therearmostfaceoftheimpactstructuremustbearectangularsectionnolessthan100mmwide,thisminimumwidthmustbemaintainedoveraheightofatleast130mmandeachcornermayincorporatearadiusnogreaterthan10mm.

Furthermore,whenviewedfromtheside,thelowestandhighestpointsoftheimpactabsorbingstructurebetweenitsrearfaceand50mmaftoftherearwheelcentrelinemaynotbeseparatedverticallybymorethan275mm.

Betweentherearfaceandtherearwheelcentrelinenodimensionoftheareathusdefinedmaydiminishnormayanypartofthestructureorgearboxwhichisvisiblefrombelow,otherthanthepermittedradii,behigherthantheloweredgeoftherearface.Pocketsofminimumsizewithinthestructurearepermittedforthesolepurposeofattachingsuspensionmembers.

Thisstructuremustpassanimpacttestandmustbeconstructedfrommaterialswhichwillnotbesubstantiallyaffectedbythetemperaturesitislikelytobesubjectedtoduringuse.DetailsofthetestproceduremaybefoundinArticle16.4.

Inordertominimisethelikelihoodofthestructurepenetratingasurvivalcell,itmustbedesignedsothatthemajorityofitsmaterialliesevenlyarounditsperimeter.Therefore,theperimeterofeveryverticalcrosssectionbetweenpoints50mmforwardofitsrearfaceand200mmforwardofitsrearfacemustbeofauniformconstructionand,withtheexceptionofminimallocalchangesforattachments,haveaminimumthicknessof1.75mm.Materialwithaspecificgravityoflessthan1willnotbeconsideredwhencalculatingthesethicknessesand,furthermore,anyinternalstructuremustnotbethickerthananypartoftheperimeteratthatsection.

Onlythosepartsofthestructurewhichgenuinelycontributetoitsperformanceduringtheimpacttest,andwhicharedesignedandfittedforthatsolepurpose,willbeconsideredwhenassessingcompliancewithanyoftheabove.

15.5.4 Thesurvivalcellmustalsobesubjectedtofiveseparatestaticloadtests:

1) Onaverticalplanepassingthroughthecentreofthefueltank.

2) Onaverticalplanepassingthroughtherearmostpointatwhichtheouterendoftheforward-mostfrontwheeltetherwouldmakecontactwiththesurvivalcellwhenswungabouttheinnerattachment.

3) Frombeneaththefueltank.

4) Oneachsideofthecockpitopening.

5) Frombeneaththecockpitfloor.

DetailsofthetestproceduresmaybefoundinArticle18.2,18.3,18.4and18.5.

15.5.5 Totesttheattachmentsofthefrontal,sideandrearimpactabsorbingstructuresstaticsideloadtestsmustbecarriedout.DetailsofthesetestproceduresmaybefoundinArticles18.6,18.8and18.9.2.

ARTICLE16:IMPACTTESTING

16.1 Conditionsapplicabletoallimpacttests:

16.1.1 AlltestsmustbecarriedoutinaccordancewithFIATestProcedure01/00,inthepresenceofanFIAtechnicaldelegateandbyusingmeasuringequipmentwhichhasbeencalibratedtothesatisfactionoftheFIAtechnicaldelegate.AcopyofthetestproceduremaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

16.1.2 Anysignificantmodificationintroducedintoanyofthestructurestestedshallrequirethatparttopassafurthertest.

16.2 Frontaltest1:

Tosimulatein-carconditions,allpartswhichcouldmateriallyaffecttheoutcomeofthetestmustbefittedtotheteststructurewhichmustbesolidlyfixedtothetrolleythroughthemountingpointsofthenosestructure,butnotinsuchawayastoincreaseitsimpactresistance.

Ifthetestfacilityincludesasystemtomanageexcessresidualenergy(intheeventthatthenosestructurefailstoabsorballthetestenergy),suchasystemmustnotinanywaymodifytheresultsduringasuccessfultest.

Forthepurposesofthistest,thetotalweightofthetrolleyandteststructureshallbe780kg(+1%/-0)andthevelocityofimpactnotlessthan15metres/second.

Theresistanceoftheteststructuremustbesuchthatduringtheimpacteither:

a) Thepeakdecelerationoverthefirst100mmofdeformationdoesnotexceed10g.

b) Thepeakpermissibledecelerationincreaseslinearlyfrom10gat100mmto20gat150mmofdeformation.

c) Thepeakdecelerationoverthefirst60kJenergyabsorptiondoesnotexceed20g.

d) Theaveragedecelerationoverthefirst150mmofdeformationexceeds2.5g.

e) Thepeakdecelerationofthetrolleydoesnotexceed45g.

a) Thepeakforceoverthefirst100mmofdeformationdoesnotexceed75kN.

b) Thepeakpermissibleforceincreaseslinearlyfrom75kNat100mmto150kNat150mmofdeformation.

c) Thepeakforceoverthefirst60kJenergyabsorptiondoesnotexceed150kN.

d) Theaverageforceoverthefirst150mmofdeformationexceeds18.75kN.

e) Thepeakforcedoesnotexceed337.5kN.

Furthermore,theremustbenodamagetothemountingsofthenose.

ThistestmustbecarriedoutonthefrontalimpactabsorbingstructurewhichwassubjectedtothefirsttestdescribedinArticle18.6.

16.3 Frontaltest2:

A50mm(+/-1mm)thickaluminiumplateshouldbeattachedtothefrontbulkheadofthesurvivalcellthroughthemountingpointsofthefrontalimpactabsorbingstructure.Theplateshould:

a) Measure500mm(+/-1mm)widex375mm(+/-1mm)high.

b) Befittedsymmetricallyaboutthecarcentreline.

c) Befittedinaverticalsenseinordertoensureforcedistributionissimilartothatwiththenosefitted.

d) HavesixM10x30mmholesintheouterfacearrangedina125mmsquaregridpattern,twosquareswideandonesquarehigh,aboutitsgeometriccentre.Thetestlaboratorywillthenfita5mmthick500mmx275mmsteelplatetotheseholesusinga5mmwasherstack.

Allpartswhichcouldmateriallyaffecttheoutcomeofthetestmustbefittedtotheteststructurewhichmustbesolidlyfixedtothetrolleythroughitsenginemountingpointsbutnotinsuchawayastoincreaseitsimpactresistance.

Thefueltankmustbefittedandmustbefullofwater.

Adummyweighingatleast75kgmustbefittedwithsafetybeltsdescribedinArticle14.4fastened.However,withthesafetybeltsunfastened,thedummymustbeabletomoveforwardsfreelyinthecockpit.ThedummyshallbeequippedwithahelmettoFIA8860orFIA8859andanFHRtoFIA8858(theweightofthehelmetandFHRshouldberecorded,butshouldnotbeincludedinthe75kg).Thesafetybeltsshallbefastenedtorepresentin-raceconditions.

Thefireextinguishers,asdescribedinArticle14.1mustalsobefitted.

Forthepurposesofthistest,thetotalweightofthetrolleyandteststructureshallbebetween900kgand925kgandthevelocityofimpactnotlessthan15metres/second.

Theimpactwallmustbefittedwithsixcrushtubeswhichdevelopacombined360kNasfollows:

a) 2x64kNtubesfromT-zerotoT-end,directedintothelowerleftandrightM10attachmentpoints.

b) 1x40kNtubefromT-100mmtoT-end,directedintothelowercentralM10attachmentpointand1x64kNtubefromT-100mmtoT-end,directedintotheuppercentralM10attachmentpoint.

c) 2x64kNtubesfromT-200mmtoT-end,directedintotheupperleftandrightM10attachmentpoints.

Theresistanceoftheteststructuremustbesuchthatfollowingtheimpactthereisnodamagetothesurvivalcellortothemountingsofthesafetybeltsorfireextinguishers.

Themaximumdecelerationinthechestofthedummyforacumulative3msshallbereported,thisbeingtheresultantofdatafromthethreeorthogonalaxes.

ThistestmaybecarriedoutonanysurvivalcellprovidedithasbeensuccessfullysubjectedtothetestsdescribedinArticles17.2,17.3and18.2-5.ThetestmusthoweverbecarriedoutonthesurvivalcellwhichwassubjectedtothetestdescribedinArticle18.6.

SpecificationsofthecrushtubesandtestarrangementmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

16.4 Reartest:

Allpartswhichwillbefittedbehindtherearfaceoftheengineandwhichcouldmateriallyaffecttheoutcomeofthetestmustbefittedtotheteststructure.Ifsuspensionmembersaretobemountedonthestructuretheymustbefittedforthetest.Thestructureandthegearboxmustbesolidlyfixedtothegroundandasolidobject,havingamassof780kg(+1%/-0)andtravellingatavelocityofnotlessthan11metres/second,willbeprojectedintoit.

Theobjectusedforthistestmustbeflat,measure450mm(+/-3mm)wideby550mm(+/-3mm)highandmayhavea10mmradiusonalledges.Itsloweredgemustbeatthesamelevelasthecarreferenceplane(+/-3mm)andmustbesoarrangedtostrikethestructureverticallyandat90°tothecarcentreline.

Duringthetest,thestrikingobjectmaynotpivotinanyaxisandthecrashstructuremaybesupportedinanywayprovidedthisdoesnotincreasetheimpactresistanceofthepartsbeingtested.

Theresistanceoftheteststructuremustbesuchthatduringtheimpact:

a) Thepeakdecelerationoverthefirst225mmofdeformationdoesnotexceed20g.

b) Themaximumdecelerationdoesnotexceed20gformorethanacumulative15ms,thisbeingmeasuredonlyinthedirectionofimpact.

Furthermore,allstructuraldamagemustbecontainedwithintheareabehindtherearwheelcentreline.

ThistestmustbecarriedoutontherearimpactabsorbingstructurewhichwassubjectedtothetestdescribedinArticle18.8.

16.5 Steeringcolumntest:

ThepartsreferredtoinArticle10.4.4mustbefittedtoarepresentativeteststructure;anyotherpartswhichcouldmateriallyaffecttheoutcomeofthetestmustalsobefitted.Theteststructuremustbesolidlyfixedtothegroundandasolidobject,havingamassof8kg(+1%/-0)andtravellingatavelocityofnotlessthan7metres/second,willbeprojectedintoit.

Theobjectusedforthistestmustbehemisphericalwithadiameterof165mm(+/-1mm).

Forthetest,thecentreofthehemispheremuststrikethestructureatthecentreofthesteeringwheelalongthesameaxisasthemainpartofthesteeringcolumn.

Duringthetestthestrikingobjectmaynotpivotinanyaxisandtheteststructuremaybesupportedinanywayprovidedthisdoesnotincreasetheimpactresistanceofthepartsbeingtested.

Theresistanceoftheteststructuremustbesuchthatduringtheimpactthepeakdecelerationoftheobjectdoesnotexceed80gformorethanacumulative3ms,thisbeingmeasuredonlyinthedirectionofimpact.

Afterthetest,allsubstantialdeformationmustbewithinthesteeringcolumnandthesteeringwheelquickreleasemechanismmuststillfunctionnormally.

ARTICLE17:ROLLSTRUCTURETESTING

17.1 Conditionsapplicabletobothrollstructuretests:

17.1.1 Rubber3mmthickmaybeusedbetweentheloadpadsandtherollstructure.

17.1.2 Bothpeakloadsmustbeappliedinlessthanthreeminutesandbemaintainedfor10seconds.

17.1.3 Undertheload,deformationmustbelessthan25mminthecaseoftheprincipalrollstructureand50mminthecaseofthesecondaryrollstructure,measuredalongtheloadingaxisandanystructuralfailurelimitedto100mmbelowthetopoftherolloverstructurewhenmeasuredvertically.

17.2 Principalrollstructuretest:

Aloadequivalentto50kNlaterally,60kNlongitudinallyinarearwarddirectionand90kNvertically,mustbeappliedtothetopofthestructurethrougharigidflatpadwhichis200mmindiameterandperpendiculartotheloadingaxis.

Duringthetest,therollstructuremustbeattachedtothesurvivalcellwhichissupportedonitsundersideonaflatplate,fixedtoitthroughitsenginemountingpointsandwedgedlaterallybyanyofthestaticloadtestpadsdescribedinArticle18.2.

17.3 Secondaryrollstructuretest:

Averticalloadof75kNmustbeappliedtothetopofthestructurethrougharigidflatpadwhichis100mmindiameterandperpendiculartotheloadingaxis.Theloadingaxismustbealignedwiththehighestpointofthestructure.

Duringthetest,therolloverstructuremustbeattachedtothesurvivalcellwhichisfixedtoaflathorizontalplate.

ARTICLE18:STATICLOADTESTING

18.1 Conditionsapplicabletoallstaticloadtests:

18.1.1 ThetestsdescribedinArticles18.2,18.3,18.4and18.5mustbecarriedoutoneverysurvivalcellintendedforuse.Duringthesetests(ondeflectionsgreaterthan3.0mm),thedeflectionacrosstheinnersurfacesmustnotexceed120%ofthedeflectionobtainedonthechassisusedforthetestsdescribedinArticles17.2and17.3.

18.1.2 Deflectionsanddeformationswillbemeasuredatthecentreofareaofcircularloadpadsandatthetopofrectangularpads.

18.1.3 Allpeakloadsmustbeappliedinlessthanthreeminutes,throughaballjointedjunctionatthecentreofareaofthepad,andmaintainedfor30seconds.

18.1.4 Followingthetestsdescribedin18.2,18.3,18.4and18.5,permanentdeformationmustbelessthan1.0mm(0.5mmin18.3and18.4)aftertheloadhasbeenreleasedfor1minute.

18.1.5 AlltestsmustbecarriedoutbyusingmeasuringequipmentwhichhasbeencalibratedtothesatisfactionoftheFIAtechnicaldelegate.

18.1.6 Aradiusof3mmispermissibleontheedgesofallloadpadsandrubber3mmthickmaybeplacedbetweenthemandtheteststructure.

18.1.7 Forthetestsdescribedin18.2,18.3,18.4and18.5,thesurvivalcellsmustalwaysbeproducedinanidenticalconditioninorderthattheirweightsmaybecompared.Iftheweightdiffersbymorethan5%fromtheonesubjectedtotheimpacttestsdescribedinArticles16.2and16.3furtherfrontalandsideimpacttestsandrollstructuretestsmustbecarriedout.

18.2 Survivalcellsidetests:

18.2.1 Fortest1),referredtoinArticle15.5.4,pads100mmlongand300mmhigh,whichconformtotheshapeofthesurvivalcell,mustbeplacedagainsttheoutermostsidesofthesurvivalcellwiththeloweredgeofthepadatthelowestpartofthesurvivalcellatthatsection.

Aconstanttransversehorizontalloadof25.0kNwillbeappliedand,undertheload,theremustbenostructuralfailureoftheinneroroutersurfacesofthesurvivalcell.

18.2.2 Fortest2),referredtoinArticle15.5.4,pads200mmindiameterwhichconformtotheshapeofthesurvivalcell,mustbeplacedagainsttheoutermostsidesofthesurvivalcell.

Thecentreofthepadsmustpassthroughtheplanementionedaboveandthemidpointoftheheightofthestructureatthatsection.

Aconstanttransversehorizontalloadof30.0kNwillbeappliedtothepadsand,undertheload,theremustbenostructuralfailureoftheinneroroutersurfacesofthesurvivalcellandthetotaldeflectionmustnotexceed15mm.

18.3 Survivalcellfloortest:

Apadof200mmdiametermustbeplacedonthesurvivalcellfloor,inapositiondeterminedbytheFIAtechnicaldelegate,andaverticalupwardsloadof12.5kNapplied.

Undertheload,theremustbenostructuralfailureoftheinneroroutersurfacesofthesurvivalcell.

18.4 Cockpitfloortest:

Apadof200mmdiametermustbeplacedbeneaththesurvivalcell,onthecarcentrelineandwithitscentre600mmforwardoftherearedgeofthecockpitentrytemplate,andaverticalupwardsloadof15kNapplied.

Undertheload,theremustbenostructuralfailureoftheinneroroutersurfacesofthesurvivalcell.

18.5 Cockpitrimtests:

Twopads,eachofwhichis50mmindiameter,mustbeplacedonbothsidesofthecockpitrimwiththeirupperedgesatthesameheightasthetopofthecockpitsidewiththeircentresatapoint250mmforwardoftherearedgeofthecockpitopeningtemplatelongitudinally.

Aconstanttransversehorizontalloadof50kNwillthenbeappliedat90°tothecarcentrelineand,undertheload,theremustbenostructuralfailureoftheinneroroutersurfacesofthesurvivalcell.

Thistestmustberepeatedatpositions50mmand150mmforwardoftherearedgeofthecockpitopeningtemplatelongitudinally.

18.6 Nosepushofftests:

Nosesofidenticaldesignmustbesubjectedtotwoseparatetests.

Test1:

Duringthefirsttestthenosemustbemountedtothesamefixturethatisusedforthefrontalimpacttest1.

Aconstanttransversalhorizontalloadof40.0kNmustthenbeappliedtoonesideoftheimpactabsorbingstructure,usingapadidenticaltotheonesusedinthelateraltestsinArticle18.2.1,atapoint550mmfromthefrontwheelaxis.

Thecentreofareaofthepadmustpassthroughtheplanementionedaboveandthemid-pointoftheheightofthestructureattherelevantsection.After30secondsofapplication,theremustbenofailureofthestructureorofanyattachmentbetweenthestructureandthefixture.

Test2:

Duringthesecondtestthesurvivalcellmustberestingonaflatplateandsecuredtoitsolidlybutnotinawaythatcouldincreasethestrengthoftheattachmentsbeingtested.

Aconstanttransversalhorizontalloadof40.0kNmustthenbeappliedtoonesideoftheimpactabsorbingstructure,usingapadidenticaltotheonesusedinthelateraltestsinArticle18.2.1,atapoint550mmfromthefrontwheelaxis.

Thecentreofareaofthepadmustpassthroughtheplanementionedaboveandthemid-pointoftheheightofthestructureattherelevantsection.After30secondsofapplication,theremustbenofailureofthestructureorofanyattachmentbetweenthestructureandthesurvivalcell.

18.7 Sideintrusiontest:

18.7.1 ThetestmustbecarriedoutinaccordancewithFIATestProcedure02/05,inthepresenceofanFIAtechnicaldelegateandbyusingmeasuringequipmentwhichhasbeencalibratedtothesatisfactionoftheFIAtechnicaldelegate.AcopyofthetestproceduremaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

18.7.2 Thetestpanelmustbe500mmx500mmandwillbetestedbyforcingarigidtruncatedconethroughthecentreofthepanelatarateof2mm(+/-1mm)perseconduntilthedisplacementexceeds150mm.

Duringthefirst100mmofdisplacementtheloadmustexceed250kNandtheenergyabsorptionmustexceed6000J.Theremustbenosystematicdamagetotheborderordamagetothefixturebeforetheserequirementshavebeenmet.

18.8 Rearimpactstructurepushofftest:

Duringthetestthegearboxandthestructuremustbesolidlyfixedtothegroundbutnotinawaythatcouldincreasethestrengthoftheattachmentsbeingtested.

Aconstanttransversalhorizontalloadof40kNmustthenbeappliedtoonesideoftheimpactabsorbingstructure,usingapadidenticaltotheonesusedinthelateraltestsinArticle18.2.1,atapoint400mmbehindtherearwheelaxis.

Thecentreofareaofthepadmustpassthroughtheplanementionedaboveandthemidpointoftheheightofthestructureattherelevantsection.After30secondsofapplication,theremustbenofailureofthestructureorofanyattachmentbetweenthestructureandthegearbox.

18.9 Sideimpactstructurepushofftests:

18.9.1 Eachteammustsupplydetailedcalculationswhichclearlyshowthatthemountingsoftheupperandlowersideimpactstructuresarecapableofwithstanding:

a) Horizontalloadsof40kNand60kNappliedsimultaneouslytotheupperandlowerstructuresrespectivelyinarearwarddirectionthroughball-jointedpads,whichmayconformtotheshapeofthestructures,measuring100mmhighx100mmwideandwhosecentreofarealies100mminboardofthecentreoftheoutermostlongitudinalverticalcross-sectionoftheimpactstructure.

b) Horizontalloadsof40kNand60kNappliedsimultaneouslytotheupperandlowerstructuresrespectivelyinaforwarddirectionthroughball-jointedpads,whichmayconformtotheshapeofthestructures,measuring100mmhighx100mmwideandwhosecentreofarealies100mminboardofthecentreoftheoutermostlongitudinalverticalcross-sectionoftheimpactstructure.

c) Averticalloadof35kNappliedinanupwarddirectiontothelowerimpactstructurethroughaball-jointedpad,whichmayconformtotheshapeofthestructure,measuring200mmlongx100mmwidewhosecentreofarealies100mminboardofthecentreoftheoutermostlongitudinalverticalcrosssectionoftheimpactstructure.

d) Averticalloadof27kNappliedinadownwarddirectiontotheupperimpactstructurethroughaball-jointedpad,whichmayconformtotheshapeofthestructure,measuring200mmlongx100mmwidewhosecentreofarealies100mminboardofthecentreoftheoutermostlongitudinalverticalcrosssectionoftheimpactstructure.

Inallcasesthecalculationsshouldshowthattherewillbenostructuralfailureoftheparts.Itshouldbeassumedthatball-jointedpadsareused,thejointlyingatthecentreofareaofthepad.

18.9.2 ThesetestsmaybecarriedoutonanysurvivalcellprovidedithasbeensuccessfullysubjectedtothetestsdescribedinArticles17.2,17.3and18.2-5.Thetestsmaybeperformedoneithersideofthesurvivalcell.

Duringthepushoffteststhesurvivalcellmustberestingonaflatplateandsecuredtoitsolidlybutnotinawaythatcouldincreasethestrengthoftheattachmentsbeingtested.

TemporaryspacersrepresentingpartsectionsofthepanelsdescribedinArticle15.4.7maybeincorporatedwithintheassemblyoftheimpactstructurestothesurvivalcell.Thesespacersmaynotinanywayincreasethestrengthofthesurvivalcellbeingtested.

DummytestpartsmaybeusedinplaceoftheimpactstructureprovidedthetestpartincorporatesidenticalmountingdetailstothosedescribedinArticle15.5.2(c)anddoesnotinanywayincreasethestrengthoftheattachmentsbeingtested.

Duringthefirsttestrearwardhorizontalloadsof40kNand60kNappliedsimultaneouslytotheupperandlowerstructuresrespectivelythroughballjointsorball-jointedpadswhosecentreofarealies100mminboardofthecentreoftheoutermostcross-sectionofthedummyimpactstructures.

Duringthesecondtestanupwardverticalloadof35kNmustthenbeappliedtothelowerimpactabsorbingstructureusingaballjointoraball-jointedpadwhosecentreofarealies100mminboardofthecentreoftheoutermostcrosssectionofthedummylowerimpactstructure.

Afterfivesecondsofapplicationtheremustbenofailureofanystructuresorofanyattachmentbetweenthestructureandthesurvivalcell.

18.10Sideimpactstructuresqueezetests:

ThistestmaybecarriedoutonanysurvivalcellwhichhasbeensubjectedtothetestsdescribedinArticles17.2,17.3and18.2-5.Thetestmaybeperformedoneithersideofthesurvivalcell.

Duringthetest,thesurvivalcellmaybesupportedinanywayprovidedthisdoesnotincreasethestrengthoftheattachmentsbeingtested.

TemporaryspacersrepresentingpartsectionsofthepanelsdescribedinArticle15.4.7maybeincorporatedwithintheassemblyoftheimpactstructurestothesurvivalcell.Thesespacerscannotinanywayincreasethestrengthofthesurvivalcellbeingtested.

DummytestpartsmaybeusedinplaceoftheimpactstructureprovidedthetestpartsincorporateidenticalmountingdetailstothosedescribedinArticle15.5.2(c)anddonotinanywayincreasethestrengthoftheattachmentsbeingtested.

Loadsof100kNand150kNmustbeappliedsimultaneouslytothedummyupperandlowerstructuresrespectivelyinalateraldirectionusingahemisphericalpadorballjoint,loadingthroughthecentrecrosssection,292mmfromtheoutermostlongitudinalverticalcross-sectionofbothimpactstructures.

Afterfivesecondsofapplicationtheremustbenofailureofthesurvivalcellortheattachmentsbetweenthestructuresandthesurvivalcell.

Eachteammustsupplydetailedcalculationswhichclearlyshowthatthemountingsoftheupperandlowersideimpactstructuressatisfytherequirementof15.5.2(c)(i).

ARTICLE19:FUEL

19.1 PurposeofArticle19:

19.1.1ThepurposeofthisArticleistoensurethatthefuelusedinFormulaOneispetrolasthistermisgenerallyunderstood.

19.1.2 ThedetailedrequirementsofthisArticleareintendedtoensuretheuseoffuelsthatarecomposedofcompoundsnormallyfoundincommercialfuelsandtoprohibittheuseofspecificpower-boostingchemicalcompounds.Acceptablecompoundsandcompoundclassesaredefinedin19.2and19.4.3.Inaddition,tocoverthepresenceoflowlevelimpurities,thesumofcomponentslyingoutsidethe19.2and19.4.3definitionsarelimitedto1%maxm/mofthetotalfuel.

19.1.3 Anypetrol,whichappearstohavebeenformulatedinordertosubvertthepurposeofthisregulation,willbedeemedtobeoutsideit.

19.2 Definitions:

Paraffins - Straightchainandbranchedalkanes.

Olefins - Straightchainandbranchedmono-olefinsanddi-olefins.

- Monocyclicmono-olefins(withfiveormorecarbonatomsinthering)withorwithoutparaffinicsidechains.

Di-olefins - Straightchainorbranchedormonocyclichydrocarbons(withfiveormorecarbonatomsinanyring)withorwithoutparaffinicsidechains,containingtwodoublebondspermolecule.

Naphthenes - Monocyclicalkanes(withfiveormorecarbonatomsinthering)withorwithoutparaffinicsidechains.

Aromatics - Monocyclicandbicyclicaromaticringswithorwithoutparaffinicorolefinicsidechains.Onlyonedoublebondmaybepresentoutsidethearomaticring.

Oxygenates - Organiccompoundscontainingoxygen.

Biocomponents- Paraffins,olefins,di-olefins,naphthenes,aromaticsandoxygenates,asdefinedabove,derivedinwholeorpartfrombiologicalorigins.Forthepurposesofquantification,thebiocomponentcontributionofagivenmoleculeisdefinedasthecarbon,hydrogenandoxygenatomsfrombiologicaloriginasapercentofthetotalmolecule,onamass/massbasis.Thebiocomponentcontributionofaco-producedstreamisdeterminedasthebiofeedstockpercentageonamass/massbasis.

19.3 Properties:

Theonlyfuelpermittedispetrolhavingthefollowingcharacteristics: Property Units Min Max TestMethod (RON+MON)/2 87.0 ASTMD2699/D2700 Oxygen wt% 3.7 ElementalAnalysis Nitrogen mg/kg 500 ASTMD5762 Benzene wt% 1.0 GC-MS DVPE kPa 45 60(1) EN13016-1 Lead mg/l 5 ASTMD3237 OxidationStability minutes 360 ASTMD525 Sulphur mg/kg 10 ENISO20846

Electricalconductivity pS/m 200 ASTMD2624 FinalBoilingPoint oC 210 ISO3405 DistillationResidue %v/v 2.0 ISO3405(1) ThemaximumDVPEmayriseto68kPaifaminimumof2%bio-methanoland/orbio-ethanol

areincludedinthefuel.

ThefuelwillbeacceptedorrejectedaccordingtoASTMD3244withaconfidencelimitof95%.19.4 Compositionofthefuel:

19.4.1 Thecompositionofthepetrolmustcomplywiththespecificationsdetailedbelow:

Component Units Min Max TestMethod Aromatics wt% 40* GCMS Olefins wt% 17* GCMS Totaldi-olefins wt% 1.0 GCMS Totalstyreneandalkylderivatives wt% 1.0 GCMS *Valuescorrectedforfueloxygencontent.

Inaddition,thefuelmustcontainnosubstancewhichiscapableofexothermicreactionintheabsenceofexternaloxygen.

19.4.2 Thetotalofindividualhydrocarboncomponentspresentatconcentrationsoflessthan5%m/mofthetotalfuelmustbeatleast30%m/mofthehydrocarboncomponentofthefuel.

19.4.3 Theonlyoxygenatespermittedareparaffinicmono-alcoholsandparaffinicmono-etherswithafinalboilingpointbelow210°C.

19.4.4 Aminimumof5.75%(m/m)ofthefuelmustcomprisebio-components.

19.4.5 Initiallythebio-componentsarerestrictedtooxygenates.However,hydrocarbons(asdefinedin19.2)andoxygenates(lyingoutsidethe19.4.3definition)ormixturesthereof,whichhavebeenproducedfrombiomass,maybeincludedinFormulaOnefuelaspartofthe5.75%biocomponentsquota,providedthatasuitableanalyticalprocedureisavailablefortheirquantificationandtoverifytheirbiologicalorigin.TheiruseinF1fuelwillbedependentonevidenceindicatingthatthesupplierisgenuinelydevelopingthesecompoundsforuseincommercialfuels.

19.4.6Manganesebasedadditivesarenotpermitted.

19.5 Air:

Onlyambientairmaybemixedwiththefuelasanoxidant.

19.6 Safety:

19.6.1AllcompetitorsmustbeinpossessionofaMaterialSafetyDataSheetforeachtypeofpetrolused.ThissheetmustbemadeoutinaccordancewithECDirective93/112/EECandallinformationcontainedthereinstrictlyadheredto.

19.7 Fuelapproval:

19.7.1BeforeanyfuelmaybeusedinanEvent,twoseparatefivelitresamples,insuitablecontainers,mustbesubmittedtotheFIAforanalysisandapproval.

19.7.2 NofuelmaybeusedinanEventwithoutpriorwrittenapprovaloftheFIA.

19.7.3 NocompetitormayhavemorethanfivefuelformulationsapprovedforuseduringaChampionshipseason.

19.7.4 NocompetitormayhavemorethantwoapprovedfuelsavailableduringanEvent.

19.8 SamplingandtestingatanEvent:

19.8.1AllsampleswillbetakeninaccordancewiththeFIAFormulaOnefuelsamplingprocedure,acopyofwhichmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

19.8.2 Fueldensitywillalsobecheckedandmustbewithin0.25%ofthefigurenotedduringpre-approvalanalysis.

19.8.3 FuelsamplestakenduringanEventwillbecheckedforconformitybyusingagaschromatographictechnique,whichwillcomparethesampletakenwithanapprovedfuel.Sampleswhichdifferfromtheapprovedfuelinamannerconsistentwithevaporativeloss,willbeconsideredtoconform.However,theFIAretainstherighttosubjectthefuelsampletofurthertestingatanFIAapprovedlaboratory.

19.8.4GCpeakareasofthesamplewillbecomparedwiththoseobtainedfromthereferencefuel.Increasesinanygivenpeakarea(relativetoitsadjacentpeakareas)whicharegreaterthan12%,oranabsoluteamountgreaterthan0.10%forcompoundspresentatconcentrationsbelow0.8%,willbedeemednottocomply.

Ifapeakisdetectedinafuelsamplethatwasabsentinthecorrespondingreferencefuel,anditspeakarearepresentsmorethan0.10%ofthesummedpeakareasofthefuel,thefuelwillbedeemednottocomply.

Ifthedeviationsobserved(above)byGCindicatethattheyareduetomixingwithanotherFormulaOnefuel,whichhasbeenapprovedbytheFIAforusebytheteam,thefuelsamplewillbedeemedtocomply,providedthattheadulterantfuelispresentatnomorethan10%inthesample.

ARTICLE20:TELEVISIONCAMERASANDTIMINGTRANSPONDERS

20.1 Presenceofcamerasandcamerahousings:

AllcarsmustbefittedwithatleastfivecamerasorcamerahousingsatalltimesthroughouttheEvent.

20.2 Locationofcamerahousings:

Camerahousings,whenused,mustbefittedinthesamelocationascameras.DetailsconcerningthesizeandweightofallcamerahousingsmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.

20.3 Locationandfittingofcameraequipment:

20.3.1 Allcarsmustbeequippedwithfourpositionsinwhichcamerasorcamerahousingscanbefitted.ReferringtoDrawing6,allcarsmustcarry(i)acamerainposition4and(ii)acameraorcamerahousinginpositions1,2(bothsides)and3.

AnydecisionastowhetheracameraorcamerahousingisfittedinthosepositionswillbebyagreementbetweentherelevantCompetitorandtheCommercialRightsHolder.

20.3.2 AnypartprovidedbytheCompetitorforthepurposeofaligningacameraorcamerahousinginpositions2or3correctlywillbeconsideredpartofthecameraorhousingprovideditdoesnotexceed15mminwidthandisbeingfittedforthatsolepurpose.

20.3.3 Anycameraorcamerahousingfittedinpositions2,3or4showninDrawing6mustbemountedinorderthatitsmajoraxisdoesnotsubtendananglegreaterthan1°tothereferenceplane.

20.3.4 Whenviewedfromthesideofthecar,theentirecameraorcamerahousinginposition2showninDrawing6mustliewithintheareaformedbytwoverticallines150mmand450mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentreline,ahorizontalline325mmabovethereferenceplaneandadiagonallinefromapointonA-Aand550mmabovethereferenceplanetoapoint50mmrearwardoftheforward-mostpointoftheimpactabsorbingstructuredefinedinArticle15.4.3and220mmabovethereferenceplane.Furthermore,theentirecameraorcamerahousinginposition2mustbemountedmorethan150mmfromcarcentreline.

Anycameraorcamerahousingfittedinthelefthandposition2showninDrawing6mustbemountedinorderthatitsmajoraxiswherepassingthroughthecentreofthecameralens(orcorrespondingpositionforacamerahousing)doesnotintersectanypartofthecarlyingforwardofthecameraorcamerahousing.

20.3.5 Thecamerafittedinposition4showninDrawing6mustbemountedinorderthatitsforward-mostpointisnomorethan80mmrearwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate.

20.3.6 Thecamerafittedinposition3showninDrawing6mustbemountedinorderthatitsforward-mostpointisnomorethan280mmrearwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateandtheentirecameraorcamerahousingisbetween675mmand950mmabovethereferenceplaneandmorethan75mmfromcarcentreline.

20.4 Transponders:

Allcarsmustbefittedwithtwotimingtransponderssuppliedbytheofficiallyappointedtimekeepers.ThesetranspondersmustbefittedinstrictaccordancewiththeinstructionsdetailedintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.Teamsmustusetheirbestendeavourstoensurethatthetranspondersareinworkingorderatalltimes.

20.5 Installation:

Competitorsmustbenotifiedofanychangestothecameraortransponderinstallationinstructionsbefore30Juneofthepreviousseason.

ARTICLE21:FINALTEXT

ThefinaltextfortheseregulationsshallbetheEnglishversionshouldanydisputeariseovertheirinterpretation.

APPENDIX1

DRAWINGS

2017F1TechnicalRegulations91/102

9March2017

APPENDIX2

POWERU

NITSYSTEM

S,FUNCTIO

DCOMPO

9March2017

ListofPUfunctions/system

s/components

Article1.22

Definition

Article5.3.7

LegalityBox

Article5.4.1Weight

Article5.4.2

Cen.Gravity

Article5.22

Seal.Perim.

App.4SportingRegs.

1AllEnginesub-assem

bliessealedaccordingtoArticle23oftheF1SportingRegulations(e.g.enginecom

ponentswithincam

-covers,cylinderheads,crankcase,anygearcase)INC

pressurechargingcomponents(e.g.com

pressorfrominlettooutletincludingw

heel;turbinefrom

inlettooutletincludingwheel;shaft,bearingsandhousings)

3Wastegate,Pop-offvalveorsim

ilarINC

EXCINC

Engineairinletsystemfrom

plenumentrytocylinderhead(e.g.plenum

,trumpets,

throttles)INC

EXCINC

exhaustsystemfrom

theengineexhaustflangeuptobutnotincludingtheturbineorwastegateexittail-pipe

EXCEXC

mountedfuelsystem

components:(e.g.HighPressurefuelhose,fuelrail,fuelinjectors,

accumulators)

EXCINC

mountedelectricalcom

ponents(e.g.wiringloom

withinlegalityvolum

e,sensors,actuators,ignitioncoils,alternator,sparkplugs)

EXCINC

8AllPU

coolantpumps,oilpum

ps,scavengepumps,oilairseparatorsandfuelhighpressure

pumps(deliveringm

orethan10bar)includinganyofthefollowingassociatedcom

ponents:motors,actuators,filters,brackets,supports,screw

s,nuts,dowels,w

ashers,cables,oilorairseals.Alltubesorhosesbetw

eencomponentsofthePU

thatarenotdescribedbyline26.Excludeshydraulicpum

psandERSpartsdescribedinline9.

EXCINC

9Coolingpum

ps(andassociatedmotors,actuators,associatedfilters,brackets,support,

screws,nuts,dow

els,washers,cables,tubes,hoses,oilorairseals)partlyorw

hollyforERScom

ponentsnotmandatorilyincludedinthePU

legalityvolume.

EXCINC

EXCEXC

10MainPU

oiltank,catchtanks,andanybreathersystemconnectedtothem

andassociatedfilters,brackets,support,screw

s,nuts,dowels,w

ashers,cables,tubes,hoses,oilorairseals

EXCINC

11MGU-Kexcludingm

echanicalpowertransm

issioncomponentsandm

ountingaccessoriesINC

12MGU-Km

EXCINC

13MGU-Hexcludingm

ountingaccessories.INC

14MGU-Hm

EXCINC

15ESpartsdefinedinArticle5.4.3

EXCEXC

EXCINC

16ESexcludingpartsdefinedinArticle5.4.3

EXCEXC

17Wiringbetw

eenanyECUandphasesofM

EXCINC

EXCEXC

18Wiringbetw

eenanyECUandphasesofM

EXCINC

EXCEXC

9March2017

19Wiringbetw

eenECUandES

EXCINC

EXCEXC

9March2017

20AnyECU

orassociateddevicecontainingprogrammablesem

iconductorsorcontaininghighpow

erswitchingdevices.Thisincludes,butisnotlim

itedto,MGU-Kcontrolunit,M

controlunit,injectorcontrolunit,ignitioncontrolunit,voltageregulator,intelligentsensorsandactuatorscontainingcom

plexelectronics.

Thisexcludesassociatedbrackets,supports,screws,nuts,dow

els,washersorcables.

ExcludesStandardECUandFIAsensors.

EXCINC

21Brackets,supports,screw

s,nuts,dowels,w

ashersorcablesassociatedtothepartslistedinline20.

EXCINC

EXCEXC

22StandardECU

EXCEXC

23Anyactuatorsneededtom

akethePUfunctionatalltim

es.(exceptspecificexclusions)INC

EXCINC

24Intakeupstream

ofcompressorinletuptoandincludingtheairfilter.

EXCEXC

25HeatShieldsandassociatedm

ountinghardware.

EXCEXC

26Watersystem

accumulators

EXCEXC

27Heatexchangersandtheirassociatedaccessories.(includedbutnotlim

itedtotubes,hoses,supports,bracketsandfasteners)

EXCEXC

28Hydraulicsystem

(e.g.pumps,accum

ulators,manifolds,servo-valves,solenoids,actuators)

otherthanservovalve(s)andactuator(s)forPUcontrol.

EXCEXC

29Hydraulicsystem

servovalve(s)andactuator(s)forPUcontrol.

EXCINC

30Fuelfeedpum

psdeliveringlessthan10barsandtheirassociatedaccessories(includedbutnotlim

itedtotubes,hoses,supports,bracketsandfasteners).EXC

EXCEXC

31Anyancillaryequipm

entassociatedwiththePU

airvalvesystemsuchasregulatorsor

compressors.

EXCEXC

32ExhaustbeyondturbineexitandW

Gexitandassociatedbrackets,support,screw

s,nuts,dow

els,washersorcables.

EXCEXC

33Studsusedtom

ountPUtochassisorgearbox.

EXCEXC

34Flyw

heel,clutchandclutchactuationsystembetw

eenthePUandthegearbox.

EXCEXC

35Liquids.

EXCEXC

36Ballastm

ountedonthePUupto2kg.Thisisperm

itted(subjecttoArticle4.4)butanyinexcessof2kgw

illberemovedbeforem

easuringPUweight.

EXCINC

EXCEXC

37Ballastm

ountedonthePUinexcessof2kg.

EXCEXC

38Wiringharnessesw

hicharenotordinarilypartofapowerunit.

EXCEXC

9March2017

APPENDIX3

POWERU

ERGYFLOW

9March2017

2017 formula one technical regulations · 1.1 formula one car : an automobile designed solely for...

Documents

physical forces affecting an automobile … forces affecting...

aleshire formula one lawsuit 062211

federation internationale de l' automobile appendix to...

2012 formula one technical regulations...1.7 automobile make...

formula one -2011 sporting regulations

unit one automobile structure

2018 formula one sporting regulations - … · 2018 formula...

aerodynamics analysis of formula one...

design optimization of formula one

2020 formula one technical regulations1.1 formula one car...

2022 formula 1 sporting regulations · 2021. 4. 30. · 2.3...

introducing formula one group

formula one engines wikipedia

formula one project

f1(formula one) car

2014 formula one technical regulations...

2013 formula one technical...

formula one 2014 racing schedule

federation internationale de l' automobile appendix to …...

formula for success: multilevel modelling of formula one...