2014 asabe

PREDICTING CHANGES IN GREENHOUSE

GASES EMISSIONS IN MUCK SOIL USING

PHYSICAL OBSERVATIONS

Ahmad S. Mat Su1,2, Viacheslav I. Adamchuk1, Joann K. Whalen3, Chandra A. Madramootoo1 , Hsin-Hui Huang1, Katina Tam3, and Hicham Benslim3

1Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Canada.

2Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia. 3Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Canada

Presented at

ASABE & CSBE/SCGAB Annual International Meeting

Palais des congres de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

July 13-16th, 2014

Session 210: 141898760

Muck soil (organic soil) and issues

Objectives

Materials and Method

» Soil physical properties measurement

» Gas sampling and flux calculation

Results

Summary

2

Redox, Nitrification, & denitrification

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To deploy wireless sensor network (WSN) to measure temporal soil

physical properties

To investigate the cross-relationship of soil water content and soil

temperature with GHG emission during growing season

5

Sherrington

Truro

St. Louis de Blandford St. Emmanuel

Leamington

Harrow

U S A

Nova Scotia

Crop Onion

Elevation 52 – 60 m above MSL

Soil Muck soil

Set up 24 Gas chambers, 3 weather stations

Non irrigation

Québec

Ontario

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%2Station 3

Station 2

Station 1

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Station 1SH08

SH07SH06

SH05SH04

SH03SH02

SH01

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%2Station 2

SH16SH15

SH14SH13

SH12SH11

SH10SH09

""""""""SH24

SH23

SH22

SH21

SH20

SH19

SH18SH17

0 10.5km

Non irrigation

Irrigation

Irrigation

Non irrigation Irrigation

Muck soil

» Organic matter >80 % (minimum >30%)

» Minimum thickness of 40 cm

» "O" layer contains mainly litters, fibres,

mosses build up originally from the swampy

forest saturated with water for prolonged

periods *Canada Soil Survey Committee, Subcommittee on Soil Classification, 1978

Station 2

Mineralized organic soil

Station 1

Medium organic soil

Station 3

High organic soil

Irrigated soil

Non-Irrigated

1m

Weather station & GPRS modem

30-45cm depth

4m 4m 2m 2m

Gas chambers Water Mark Sensors

Soil Temp. Sensor

Soil moisture, temp. and EC sensor

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Data

Logger

Modem

Wireless sensor network (WSN)

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SMEC 300

Sensor

Water Mark

Water Mark

Water mark (WM) sensor- soil matric

potential : available water within root zone

SMEC 300 – Soil moisture, temp. and EC

Continuous - 15 min interval

Discrete - during gas sampling

TDR 100 Soil

Moisture Meter2

Soil Temperature

Probe1

Courtesy: 1http://www.hannainst.com,; 2 http://www.specmeters.com

Continuous Discrete

Fixed location during growing season

Five gas samples from headspace with

15 minute interval

Analysing three main trace GHG: N2O,

CH4 and CO2 concentrations using a

customised Bruker-Varian 450 gas

chromatograph (Bruker, Bremen,

Germany)

Two seasons of data collection

» May to Aug 2012 – 194 samples

» April to Oct 2013 – 135 samples

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A static non-steady state chamber

installed during the sampling

Base + Cover

(0.564 m x 0.564 m x 0.18 m )

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tCSlopemedian /

mediant tCHf /

medianSlope

C : Different of gas concentration in mg/m3

: Median slope, mg/m3.h

t : Different of time at measured gas in hour

H : Chamber height, m

: Flux, mg.m-2 h-1 tf

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- Disregard an outlier dataset

- Gradient as flux value

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2012 2013

0

10

20

30

40

50

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90

100

15 20 25 30

So

il m

ois

ture

, %

Soil Temperature, C

Low Q25

Medium Q50

High Q25

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

15 20 25 30

So

il m

ois

ture

, %

Soil Temperature, C

Low Q25

Medium Q50

High Q25

High fluxes

Soil moisture 10-70%, temp 19-23 deg. C

High fluxes

Soil moisture 20-70%, temp 17-25 deg. C

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0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

15 20 25 30

So

il m

atr

ic p

ote

nti

al, k

Pa

Soil Temperature, C

Low Q25

Medium Q50

High Q25

2012 2013

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

15 20 25 30

So

il m

atr

ic p

ote

nti

al, k

Pa

Soil Temperature, C

Low Q25

Medium Q50

High Q25

High fluxes

Soil matric potential < 130 kPa &

soil temp. 19 – 23 deg. C

High fluxes

Soil matric potential < 30 kPa &

soil temp. 17-25 deg. C

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

15 20 25 30

So

il m

ois

ture

, %

Soil Temperature, C

Low Q25

Medium Q50

High Q25

2012 2013

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

15 20 25 30

So

il m

ois

ture

, %

Soil Temperature, C

Low Q25

Medium Q50

High Q25

Fluxes

No significant relationship

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0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

15 20 25 30

So

il m

atr

ic p

ote

nti

al, k

Pa

Soil Temperature, C

Low Q25

Medium Q50

High Q25

2012 2013

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

15 20 25 30

So

il m

atr

ic p

ote

nti

al, k

Pa

Soil Temperature, C

Low Q25

Medium Q50

High Q25

Flux

No significant relationship

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

15 20 25 30

So

il m

ois

ture

, %

Soil Temperature, C

Low Q25

Medium Q50

High Q25

2012 2013

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

15 20 25 30

So

il m

ois

ture

, %

Soil Temperature, C

Low Q25

Medium Q50

High Q25

High fluxes

Soil moisture <70% & temp 19-27 deg. C

High fluxes

Soil moisture <60% & temp. 20-25 deg. C

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

15 20 25 30

So

il m

atr

ic p

ote

nti

al, k

Pa

Soil Temperature, C

Low Q25

Medium Q50

High Q25

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

15 20 25 30

So

il m

atr

ic p

ote

nti

al, k

Pa

Soil Temperature, C

Low Q25

Medium Q50

High Q25

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2012 2013

High fluxes

Soil matric potential < 130 kPa &

soil temp. 19 – 27 deg. C

High fluxes

Soil matric potential < 130 kPa &

soil temp. 20 – 25 deg. C

N2O-N fluxes - high under wet and cool soil condition

CH4-C fluxes - no significant relationship

CO2-C fluxes - high under dry and warm soil condition

The soil matric potential measurements demonstrate a significant

relationship between soil water content and gas production

Wireless sensor network improves the estimation of gas production

during growing season under muck soil

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Thank you Email: ahmad.matsu@mail.mcgill.ca

OR asuhaizi1@gmail.com

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