2002.11.07- slide 1is 257 - fall 2002 database applications -- the uc berkeley environmental digital...
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IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 1
Database Applications -- The UC Berkeley Environmental Digital
LibraryUniversity of California, Berkeley
School of Information Management and Systems
SIMS 257: Database Management
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 2
Lecture Outline
• Review– Database Administration
• Database Applications – Berkeley’s Environmental Digital Library
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 3
Final Project Requirements
• See WWW site:– http://sims.berkeley.edu/courses/is257/f02/index.html
• Report on personal/group database including:– Database description and purpose– Data Dictionary– Relationships Diagram– Sample queries and results (Web or Access tools)– Sample forms (Web or Access tools)– Sample reports (Web or Access tools)– Application Screens (Web or Access tools)
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 4
Terms and Concepts (trad)
• Data Administration– Responsibility for the overall management
of data resources within an organization
• Database Administration– Responsibility for physical database design
and technical issues in database management
• These roles are often combined or overlapping in some organizations
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 5
Database System Life Cycle
Operation &Maintenance
DatabaseImplementation
DatabaseDesign
Growth &Change
DatabaseAnalysis
DatabasePlanning
Note: this is a different version of thislife cycle than discussed previously
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 6
Database Planning: DA & DBA functions
• Develop corporate database strategy (DA)
• Develop enterprise model (DA)
• Develop cost/benefit models (DA)
• Design database environment (DA)
• Develop data administration plan (DA)
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 7
Database Analysis: DA & DBA functions
• Define and model data requirements (DA)
• Define and model business rules (DA)
• Define operational requirements (DA)
• Maintain corporate Data Dictionary (DA)
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 8
Database Design: DA &DBA functions
• Perform logical database design (DA)
• Design external models (subschemas) (DBA)
• Design internal model (Physical design) (DBA)
• Design integrity controls (DBA)
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 9
Database Implementation DA & DBA functions
• Specify database access policies (DA & DBA)• Establish Security controls (DBA)• Supervise Database loading (DBA)• Specify test procedures (DBA)• Develop application programming standards
(DBA)• Establish procedures for backup and recovery
(DBA)• Conduct User training (DA & DBA)
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 10
Operation and Maintenance: DA & DBA functions
• Monitor database performance (DBA)
• Tune and reorganize databases (DBA)
• Enforce standards and procedures (DBA)
• Support users (DA & DBA)
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 11
Growth & Change: DA & DBA functions
• Implement change control procedures (DA & DBA)
• Plan for growth and change (DA & DBA)
• Evaluate new technology (DA & DBA)
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 12
Functions in Database Administration
• Planning and Design (we have already looked at theses processes in detail)
• Data Integrity
• Backup and Recovery
• Security Management
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Data Integrity
• Intrarecord integrity (enforcing constraints on contents of fields, etc.)
• Referential Integrity (enforcing the validity of references between records in the database)
• Concurrency control (ensuring the validity of database updates in a shared multiuser environment)
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 14
Database Security
• Views or restricted subschemas• Authorization rules to identify users and
the actions they can perform• User-defined procedures (and rule
systems) to define additional constraints or limitations in using the database
• Encryption to encode sensitive data• Authentication schemes to positively
identify a person attempting to gain access to the database
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 15
Database Backup and Recovery
• Backup
• Journaling (audit trail)
• Checkpoint facility
• Recovery manager
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 16
Disaster Recovery Planning
Testing andTraining
ProceduresDevelopment
Budget &Implement
PlanMaintenance
RecoveryStrategies
RiskAnalysis
From Toigo “Disaster Recovery Planning”
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 17
Threats to Assets and Functions
• Water
• Fire
• Power Failure
• Mechanical breakdown or software failure
• Accidental or deliberate destruction of hardware or software– By hackers, disgruntled employees, industrial
saboteurs, terrorists, or others
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 18
Threats
• Between 1967 and 1978 fire and water damage accounted for 62% of all data processing disasters in the U.S.
• The water damage was sometimes caused by fighting fires
• More recently improvements in fire suppression (e.g., Halon) for DP centers has meant that water is the primary danger to DP centers
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 19
Kinds of Records
• Class I: VITAL – Essential, irreplaceable or necessary to recovery
• Class II: IMPORTANT– Essential or important, but reproducible with difficulty
or at extra expense
• Class III: USEFUL– Records whose loss would be inconvenient, but which
are replaceable
• Class IV: NONESSENTIAL– Records which upon examination are found to be no
longer necessary
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 20
Offsite Storage of Data
• Early offsite storage facilities were often intended to survive atomic explosions
• PRISM International directory
• Mirror sites (Hot sites)– E.g. Cantor-Fitzgerald
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 21
Today
• Object Relational Database Applications– The Berkeley Digital Library Project
• Slides from RRL and Robert Wilensky, EECS
– Use of DBMS in DL project
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 22
Final Presentations and Reports• Specifications for final report are on the
Web Site under assignments
• Presentations (1 on Nov. 28, Others on Nov 30, Dec 5th and 7th (Full))
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 23
Today
• Object Relational Applications
• The UCB Digital Library
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 24
Overview
• What is an Digital Library?
• Overview of Ongoing Research on Information Access in Digital Libraries
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 25
Digital Libraries Are Like Traditional Libraries...
• Involve large repositories of information (storage, preservation, and access)
• Provide information organization and retrieval facilities (categorization, indexing)
• Provide access for communities of users (communities may be as large as the general public or small as the employees of a particular organization)
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 26
Originators
Libraries
Users
Traditional Library System
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 27
But Digital Libraries Are Different From Libraries...
• Not a physical location with local copies; objects held closer to originators
• Decoupling of storage, organization, access
• Enhanced Authoring (origination, annotation, support for work groups)
• Subscription, pay-per-view supported in addition to “free” browsing.
• Integration into user tasks.
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 28
Originators
Repositories
Users
Index Services
Network
A Digital Library Infrastructure Model
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 29
UC Berkeley Digital Library Project
• Focus: Work-centered digital information services
• Testbed: Digital Library for the California Environment
• Research: Technical agenda supporting user-oriented access to large distributed collections of diverse data types.
• Part of the NSF/NASA/DARPA Digital Library Initiative (Phases 1 and 2)
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 30
UCB Digital Library Project: Research Organizations
• UC Berkeley EECS, SIMS, CED, IS&T• UCOP/CDL• Xerox PARC’s Document Image Decoding group
and Work Practices group• Hewlett-Packard• NEC • SUN Microsystems• IBM Almaden• Microsoft• Ricoh California Research• Philips Research
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 31
Testbed: An Environmental Digital Library
• Collection: Diverse material relevant to California’s key habitats.
• Users: A consortium of state agencies, development corporations, private corporations, regional government alliances, educational institutions, and libraries.
• Potential: Impact on state-wide environmental system (CERES )
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 32
The Environmental Library -Users/Contributors
• California Resources Agency, California Environment Resources Evaluation System (CERES)
• California Department of Water Resources
• The California Department of Fish & Game
• SANDAG
• UC Water Resources Center Archives
• New Partners: CDL and SDSC
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 33
The Environmental Library - Contents
• Environmental technical reports, bulletins, etc.• County general plans• Aerial and ground photography• USGS topographic maps• Land use and other special purpose maps• Sensor data• “Derived” information• Collection data bases for the classification and
distribution of the California biota (e.g., SMASCH)• Supporting 3-D, economic, traffic, etc. models• Videos collected by the California Resources
Agency
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 34
The Environmental Library - Contents
• As of late 2002, the collection represents over one terabyte of data, including over 183,000 digital images, about 300,000 pages of environmental documents, and over 2 million records in geographical and botanical databases.
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 35
Botanical Data:
• The CalFlora Database contains taxonomical and distribution information for more than 8000 native California plants. The Occurrence Database includes over 600,000 records of California plant sightings from many federal, state, and private sources. The botanical databases are linked to the CalPhotos collection of California plants, and are also linked to external collections of data, maps, and photos.
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 36
Geographical Data:
• Much of the geographical data in the collection has been used to develop our web-based GIS Viewer. The Street Finder uses 500,000 Tiger records of S.F. Bay Area streets along with the 70,000-records from the USGS GNIS database. California Dams is a database of information about the 1395 dams under state jurisdiction. An additional 11 GB of geographical data represents maps and imagery that have been processed for inclusion as layers in our GIS Viewer. This includes Digital Ortho Quads and DRG maps for the S.F. Bay Area.
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 37
Documents:
• Most of the 300,000 pages of digital documents are environmental reports and plans that were provided by California state agencies. This collection includes documents, maps, articles, and reports on the California environment including Environmental Impact Reports (EIRs), educational pamphlets, water usage bulletins, and county plans. Documents in this collection come from the California Department of Water Resources (DWR), California Department of Fish and Game (DFG), San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG), and many other agencies. Among the most frequently accessed documents are County General Plans for every California county and a survey of 125 Sacramento Delta fish species.
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 38
Documents - cont.
• The collection also includes about 20Mb of full-text (HTML) documents from the World Conservation Digital Library. In addition to providing online access to important environmental documents, the document collection is the testbed for our Multivalent Document research.
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 39
Testbed Success Stories
• LUPIN: CERES’ Land Use Planning Information Network– California Country General Plans and other
environmental documents.– Enter at Resources Agency Server, documents stored
at and retrieved from UCB DLIB server.
• California flood relief efforts– High demand for some data sets only available on our
server (created by document recognition).
• CalFlora: Creation and interoperation of repositories pertaining to plant biology.
• Cloning of services at Cal State Library, FBI
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 40
Research Highlights
• Documents– Multivalent Document prototype
• Page images, structured documents, GIS data, photographs
• Intelligent Access to Content– Document recognition – Vision-based Image Retrieval: stuff, thing,
scene retrieval– Natural Language Processing: categorizing
the web, Cheshire II, TileBar Interfaces
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 41
Multivalent Documents
• MVD Model– radically distributed, open, extensible– “behaviors” and “layers”
• behaviors conform to a protocol suite • inter-operation via “IDEG”
• Applied to “enlivening legacy documents”– various nice behaviors, e.g., lenses
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 42
Document Presentation
• Problem: Digital libraries must deliver digital documents -- but in what form?
• Different forms have advantages for particular purposes– Retrieval– Reuse– Content Analysis– Storage and archiving
• Combining forms (Multivalent documents)
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 43
Spectrum of Digital Document Representations
Adapted from Fox, E.A., et al. “Users, User Interfaces and Objects: Evision, an Electronic Library”, JASIS 44(8), 1993
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 44
Document Representation: Multivalent Documents
• Primary user interface/document model for UCB Digital Library (Wilensky & Phelps)
• Goal: An approach to new document representations and their authoring.
• Supports active, distributed, composable transformations of multimedia documents.
• Enables sophisticated annotations, intelligent result handling, user-modifiable interface, composite documents.
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 45
Multivalent Documents
Cheshire LayerCheshire Layer
OCR LayerOCR Mapping LayerHistory of The Classical World
The jsfj sjjhfjs jsjjjsjhfsjf sjhfjksh sshfjsfksfjk sjs jsjfs kjsjfkjsfhskjf sjfhjkshskjfhkjshfjkshjsfhkjshfjkskjfhsfhskjfksjflksjflksjflksfsjfksjfkjskfjskfjklsslkslfjlskfjklsfklkkkdsjksfksjfkskflk sjfjksfkjsfkjsfkjshf sjfsjfjksksfjksfjksjfkthsjir\\ksksfjksjfkksjkls’ksklsjfkskfksjjjhsjhuusfsjfkjs
Modernjsfj sjjhfjs jsjjjsjhfsjf sslfjksh sshfjsfksfjk sjs jsjfs kjsjfkjsfhskjf sjfhjkshskjfhkjshfjkshjsfhkjshfjkskjfhsfhskjfksjflksjflksjflksfsjfksjfkjskfjskfjklsslkslfjlskfjklsfklkkkdsj
GIS Layer
taksksh kdjjdkd kdjkdjkd kjsksksk kdkdk kdkd dkkskksksk jdjjdj clclc ldldl
taksksh kdjjdkd kdjkdjkd kjsksksk kdkdk kdkd dkkskksksk jdjjdj clclc ldldl
Table 1.
Table Layer
kdkdkdkdk Scanned
PageImage
Valence:2: The relativecapacity to unite,react, or interact(as with antigensor a biologicalsubstrate).
Webster’s 7th CollegiateDictionary
Network Protocols &Resources
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 46
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IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 48
MVD Third Party Work
• Japanese support by NEC; application to office document management
• Printing, support for other OCR formats, by HP
• Chinese character and multilingual lens by UCB Instructional Support staff (Owen McGrath)
• Automatic enlivening of documents via Transcend proxy.
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 49
MVD Forthcoming
• Support for XML + style sheets• More robust parsing• Saving where you want• Media adaptors for
– Continuous media– Near image formats, word proc. formats
• Improve authoring tools• Interoperation with paper• Application versus applet?• Release to community, get feedback, iterate.
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 50
GIS in the MVD Framework
• Layers are georeferenced data sets.• Behaviors are
– display semi-transparently– pan– zoom– issue query– display context– “spatial hyperlinks”– annotations
• Written in Java (to be merged with MVD-1 code line?)
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 51
GIS Viewer: Recent Developments
• Annotation and saving– points, rectangles (w. labels and links),
vectors – saving of annotations as separate layer
• Integration with address, street finding, gazetteer services
• Application to image viewing: tilePix
• Castanet client
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 52
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GIS Viewer Examplehttp://elib.cs.berkeley.edu/annotations/gis/buildings.html
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 56
Geographic Information: Plans and Ideas
• More annotations, flexible saving
• Support for large vector data sets
• Interoperability– On-the-fly
• conversion of formats• generation of “catalogs”
– Via OGDI/GLTP– Experimenting with various CERES servers
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 57
Documents: Information from scanned documents
• Built document recognizers for some important documents, e.g. “Bulletin 17”. “TR-9”.
• Recognized document structure, with order magnitude better OCR.
• Automatically generated 1395 item dam relational data base.
• Enabled access via forms, map interfaces.
• Enable interoperation with image DB.
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 61
Document Recognition: Ongoing Work
• Document recognizers: for ~ dozen document types
• Development and integration of mathematical OCR and recognition.
• Eventually produce document recognizer generator, i.e., make it easier to write recognizers.
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 62
Vision-Based Image Retrieval
• Stuff-based queries: “blobs”– Basic blobs: colors, sizes, variable number
• demonstrated utility for interesting queries
– “Blob world”: Above plus texture, applied to• retrieving similar images• successful learning scene classifier
• Thing-finding: Successfully deployed detectors adding body plans (adding shape, geometry and kinematic constraints)
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 63
Image Retrieval Research
• Finding “Stuff” vs “Things”
• BlobWorld
• Other Vision Research
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 64
(Old “stuff”-based image retrieval: Query)
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 65
(Old “stuff”-based image retrieval: Result)
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 66
Blobworld: use regions for retrieval
• We want to find general objects Represent images based on coherent regions
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 69
(“Thing”-based image retrieval using “body plans”: Result)
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 70
Natural Language Processing
• Developed automatic categorization/disambiguation method to point where topic assignment (but not disambiguation) appears feasible.
• Ran controlled experiment:– Took Yahoo as ground truth.– Chose 9 overlapping categories; took 1000
web pages from Yahoo as input.– Result: 84% precision; 48% recall (using top
5 of 1073 categories)
Automatic Topic Assignment
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 71
(Isaac’s Automatically Generated Ontology)IAGO (0.1)! = Yahoo - labor + NLP
• We categorized (part of) the Web:– 1073 categories; 8000 web pages– ~80% precision for good categories
• E.g., “motion pictures”, “the environment”, “music”• IAGO 1.0 in the works:
– Eliminate pages with little text.– Eliminate proper nouns.– Retrained with MS Encarta - Improved performance
dramatically (perhaps enough to disambiguate the web)!
– Need to compute word sense priors using the web.– [Recode implementation to keep up with web crawler.]
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 72
Further Information
• Berkeley DL web sitehttp://elib.cs.berkeley.edu
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