1896 - 1914. dems. & reps. urban; middle class: writers teachers college educated professionals...
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1896 - 19141896 - 1914
Dems. & Reps.
Urban; middle class:WritersTeachersCollege Educated ProfessionalsScholarsSocial WorkersPoliticians
Progressive were not....Progressive were not....Not united by geography or occupation
Not Populists
Not a political party (until 1912)
Areas of Reform
• Social Justice– Workers Rights– Social Welfare– Consumer Protection
• Political Democracy• Environmentalism
Social Justice
Social Gospel• Social assistance programs• Church to help poor• Catholics, Jews, Christians
Jane Addams, Hull House
Settlement Houses c. 1889
Salvation Army ; YMCA
State Reforms
• Hiram Johnson (CA)– Workers’ Comp.
• Robert La Follette (WI)• Income Tax• Corporate Tax
16th Amendment• Federal Income Tax
Public Health• Sanitation Systems– Trash Removal– Sewers
• Food Inspections• Physical Education• Increased school enrollment• Child Labor laws
• Portland High School (2nd free public HS in US)
Moral Reform• Temperance Movement
• WCTU– Frances Willard– 18th Amendment– Prohibition
“Muckrakers”• Journalists• Exposed corruption• Leads to major reforms
– Ida Tarbell – Upton Sinclair – Jacob Riis– Frank Norris– John Spargo– Lincoln Steffens– Ida B. Wells
Political Democracy
Direct Election of Senators17th Amendment
Women’s SuffrageNWSA , AWSA19th Amendment
City GovernmentsCommissioners
Australian Secret BallotsDirect Primary
Presidential Nominations
CaucusCaucus---small group of individuals who would choose a candidate
ConventionConvention---members from the political parties nominate a candidate
Direct PrimaryDirect Primary---allow registered voters to participate in choosing a candidate
1790 to 18281790 to 1828
1828 to 19001828 to 1900
Current System Current System UsedUsed
Environmentalism
Gifford PinchotJohn MuirTeddy RooseveltNewlands Reclamation Act
- dams, canals,
irrigation projectsEstablishes 190 million acres
for national forests.Creation of
U.S. Forest Service
ConservationConservation
Civil Rights
“Social Reality”
Segregation• Southern states• “Redeemer” govts.• Separate public facilities• Unequal Pay Scales• Jim Crow Laws– Literacy Tests– Poll Taxes– Grandfather Clause
Plessy v. Ferguson
(1896)•Supreme Court legalized segregation throughout the nation.
•Plessy was only 1/8 black, but still forced to sit in a segregated train car
•“Separate but Equal” as long as public facilities were equal
•Problem: Black facilities never equal to White facilities
Booker T. Washington• Former slave• Gradualism• Vocational Education• Economic self-sufficiency• Tuskegee Institute• “Atlanta Compromise”
Tuskegee Institute
W.E.B. DuBois• Harvard Professor
• Immediate Equality
• Niagra Movement (1906)– Black Pride– NAACP
• Top 10%– Top 10% accepted into college– Put into “power positions”– Power Structure argument
Ida B. Wells• Lynchings• The Red Record
Lynchings (1890-1920)
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