1405 kolumbien red
Post on 03-Jun-2018
229 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
1/44
Peter Cornel, Susanne Bieker
Technische Universitt Darmstadt
Institute....
Integrated urban water management the semizentral approach for fast
growing urban areas
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
2/44
| TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 2
Outline
The challenges
- Population growth
- Urbanization
- Limited resources
Related questions
From challenges to future strategies- Components of 21th century urban infrastructure
- The future will be different from the past
Nodal, distributed, semicentralized, diversified, adapted
The Semizentral approach- System components
- Case study Qingdao
Conclusions and obstacles
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
3/44
| TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 3
Challenge I: World Population Growth
actual
7,000,000,000
100,000,000
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
4/44
Challenge II: Urbanization
TU Darmstadt | IWAR, Abwassertechnik | Susanne Bieker und Peter Cornel | 4
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
5/44
Challenge II: Urbanization
TU Darmstadt | IWAR, Abwassertechnik | Susanne Bieker und Peter Cornel | 5
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
6/44
Challenge II: Urbanization
TU Darmstadt | IWAR, Abwassertechnik | Susanne Bieker und Peter Cornel | 6
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
7/44
Challenge II: Urbanization
TU Darmstadt | IWAR, Abwassertechnik | Susanne Bieker und Peter Cornel | 7
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
8/44
| TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 8
Population growth takes place in Cities
Example China
millionin
habitants
Chineseurban
regions
Chineserural
regions
0
500
1000
1500
1
952
1
957
1
970
1
980
1
990
2
000
2
007
Stadt LandChineseurbanregions
Chineserural
regions
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
9/44
| TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 9
Challenge III: Dynamic of Urban Growth
(Capita/hr)
The Speed of Urban Change (Burdett & Rode 2007, 28f. modified)
The example of Shanghai
In total around 1 Million per week in cities
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
10/44
| TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 10
Population growth:
32 C/h 280,320 C/y
Consequences of Growth rates e.g. Shanghai
Additional water:132 L/(Cd) 36,442 m/d
Additional solid waste:
1 kg/(Cd) 280 Mg/d
biological waste
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
11/44
Challenge iV: Limited Resources
1. Water
Jialing/Chongqing 2006;www.zeitenschrift.com/magazin/54-wasser.jpg26.5.2013
http://www.hvv-mobility.com26.5.2013
www.baecktrade.de26.5.2013
2. Energy
3. Nutrients (P, N, ..)
TU Darmstadt | IWAR, Abwassertechnik | Susanne Bieker und Peter Cornel | 11
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
12/44
| TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 12
Challenges III: Limited resources
Water
- Population Growth
- Increasing living standards
Higher personal water consumption
Increasing meat consumption higher water consumption in agriculture perperson
Energy
- Energy and Water are linked
Fuel Abstraction, Power Production, Cooling
Energy for extracting, treating and distributing water
Energy for (domestic) water heating
Nutrients
- Nitrogen, unlimited but energy intensive
- Phosphorus, a limited resource
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
13/44
TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 13
We have to answer the Question
Can a system that evolved
- more than 100 years ago- for global population < 1 billion
- mostly rural
- with lacking modern technology
be the solution when
- global population is > 9 billion
- mostly urban- experiencing resource constraints ??
Adapted from IWA-President Daigger, G.;Change in Paradigm: Waste to Resource,Weftec 10; New Orleans
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
14/44
TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 14
Further Questions
Can we effort not to re-use limited resources ?
Water
Energy
Phosphorus
.
What does it really cost to do nothing ? Dramatically decreasing ground water tables by overexploitation
Pollution of rivers
water born diseases
endangering potable water supply and agricultural irrigation
running out of fertilizer
climate change
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
15/44
TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 15
From Challenges to future strategies
To achieve
- Improved public health protection
- Less water abstraction from environment- Reduced discharges
- Reduced resource consumption
- Easier system upgrade and expansion
- We need
- concepts for transition e.g. centralized to de-centralized / semicentralized
- public awareness, e.g. reuse and material flow management
- new integrated techniques (water, wastewater, solid waste, .)
- adapted management strategies
- integration in administration and governance
it is rather a challenge in administration andmanagement than in technique
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
16/44
TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 16
Components of 21st century urban water
management
Water conservation
Distributed stormwater management
Rainwater harvesting
Water reuse
distributed (nodal, semicentralized) systems
Low energy demand Integrated treatment (Water, waste water, solid waste)
Source separation
Heat recovery
Nutrient recovery
High flexibility and adaptability
- a system being able to react to changes in development-reality
- growing system for growing cities Adapted from IWA-President Daigger, G.;Change in Paradigm: Waste to Resource,
Weftec 10; New Orleans
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
17/44
2011/09/20 | TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 17
Total water use cycle energy intensity(without end use energy demand)
0.53 5.3 kWh/m
Water Use Cycle and energy intensities forCalifornia. Numbers according to California
Energy Commission (2005), p. 144, figure adaptedfrom Reiter (2008)Source
Water SupplyandConveyance
0 - 1.06
kWh/m
WaterTreatment
0.026 - 4.23kWh/m
WaterDistribution
0.18 - 0.32kWh/m
End User
ResidentialCommercialIndustrial
WastewaterCollection
WastewaterTreatment
WastewaterDischarge
0 0.11 kWh/m
waterbodies
RecycledWater
Treatment
RecycledWater
Distribution
0.29 - 1.22 kWh/m
0.11 0.32 kWh/m
Example: Energy and Water
Reuse cycle
0.4-1.5 kWh/m
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
18/44
2011/09/20 | TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 18
Resources recovery fosters new infrastructure
solutions
1. Water reuse fosters decentralization
- minimizing energy demand for pumping
- minimizing capex for sewer and pipe systems
- minimizing water losses
2. Energy recovery fosters decentralization
- heat recovery from greywater (showers, laundry,) as close as possible tothe source
3. Adjusted growth and reduced vulnerability fosters decentralization
4. Fulfilling high quality standards fosters professional operation
rathersemicentral as decentral5. Energy self sufficiency fosters
combined treatment of water and (organic) waste
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
19/44
2011/09/20 | TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 19
Integrated Semicentralized Systems
therefore
focus on smaller,
more compact units
Each district has its own
Semicentralized Supply and TreatmentCentre (STC)
integrated approach,
focussing material flow-basedmanagement,
utilizing synergy effects andre-use potentials
Integrated treatment on district level
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
20/44
2011/09/20 | TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 20
(C)
domestic wastetreatment
(B)
waste watertreatment
(A)
grey water treatment
The Semicentralized Approach
reclaimed
non-potab
le
water
black water
potable
water
grey water
raw/ tap water
solid waste biosolids
treated
waste water
energy
energy
caloric heat
Supply and Treatment Unit
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
21/44
Stepwise implementation gives flexibili ty
2011/09/20 | TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 212011/09/20 | TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 21
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
22/44
2011/09/20 | TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 22
(A)
grey water treatment
Water reuse and heat recovery
reclaimed
non-potab
le
water
grey water
caloric heat
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
23/44
2011/09/20 | TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 23
Water reuse and heat recovery from greywater
Easy to treat (elevated temperature, no nutrient removal, ..)
Can save 30 % of fresh water resources(e.g. for toilet flushing and irrigation)
Increases by this capacity of existing water supply and sewer systems(more people can be served as fresh water demand and waste wateramount is lowered )
Might saves energy as energy demand for treating greywater to non-potable reuse standards ranges about 0.3-0.6 kWh/m compared to 3 to4 kwh/m for desalination of seawater
heat recovery from greywater saves primary energy
(e.g. preheating of shower-, laundry water with effluent water)
Water quality standards for inner urban reuse required (direct contact ofservice water is possible)
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
24/44
2011/09/20 | TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 24
(B)
waste watertreatment
(A)
grey water treatment
Wastewater treatment for reuse and discharge
reclaimed
non-potab
le
water
black water
grey water
treated
waste water
caloric heat
sludge
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
25/44
2011/09/20 | TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 25
Wastewater treatment for reuse and discharge
Discharge in storm water sewer or drainage channel
Using waste wateras a resource for- intra urban water reuse as process or irrigation water
Adequate treatment for the proposed reuse of Nutrients especially phosphorus if required Caloric heat (if needed, e.g. in countries where heat is valuable)
Full treatment to meet effluent/reuse standards
to be discharged in receiving waters (and indirectly reused, e.g. irrigation)
to be discharged (in stormwater sewer) to be reused
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
26/44
2011/09/20 | TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 26
(C)
domestic wastetreatment
(B)
waste watertreatment
(A)
grey water treatment
The Semicentralized Approach
integrated sludge and waste treatment
reclaimed
non-potab
le
water
black water
grey water
solid waste biosolids
treated
waste water
energy
energy
caloric heat
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
27/44
2011/09/20 | TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 27
(C)
domestic wastetreatment
(B)
waste watertreatment
(A)
grey water treatment
Including tap water to potable water
reclaimed
non-potab
le
water
black water
potable
water
grey water
raw/ tap water
solid waste biosolids
treated
waste water
energy
energy
caloric heat
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
28/44
2011/09/20 | TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 28
Case Study Qingdao, P.R. China
ShanDong Province
City of Qingdao
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
29/44
2011/09/20 | TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 29
Case Study Qingdao, P.R. China
Emerging Metropolis at the Coast of Shandong Province
- Currently 3.4 million urban population overall 8.5 million
- Urban Growth intention of over 5 million urban inhabitants till 2020
Natural Water Resources limited
- Not enough for additional citizens
- Population growth needs more water
- Qingdao solution: seawater desalination
Energy needs: 3 to 4 kWh/m
Semizentral solution: saving 30% of
fresh water demand by intra-urban reuse- Energy needs: 0.3 to 0.5 kWh/m
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
30/44
Quelle: http://expo2014.people.com.cn/
SEMIZENTRAL goes WHE Qingdao
First Implementation of Semizentral Supply and Treatment Centerwithin the World Horticulture Exhibition (WHE) in Qingdao 2014
From the earth, to the earth
April to October 2014
Area > 240 ha
12 million visitors expected SEMIZENTRAL one of the
technical highlights
TU Darmstadt | IWAR, Abwassertechnik | Susanne Bieker und Peter Cornel | 30
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
31/44
* activated sludge treatment** MBR: membrane biological reactor
greywatertreatment
watertreatment
76 L/(Cd)
blackwater
residual and biowaste
greywater
100 Whelectr./(Cd)
sludge
sludge
service water
41 L/(Cd)
750 g/(Cd)
68 L/(Cd) blackwatertreatment
heat recovery
610 g/(Cd) biosolidsprocess
water
68 L/(Cd) (possibl. for reuse)
waste & sludgetreatment
33 L/ (Cd)
109 L/(Cd)340 Whcal ./(Cd)
Energy and Material Flows - The Qingdao Case
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
32/44
Advantages of integrated infrastructures -1-
Reduced fresh water demand (30 - 40% savings)
Reduced amount of wastewater
Reduced overall energy demand
Products instead of burdens
- service water for intra-urban reuse (toilet flushing)
- Treated waste water (and nutrients) for reuse as irrigation water
- biosolids instead of sludge and waste
- electrical and thermal energy instead of methane-emissions on landfills
| TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 32
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
33/44
| TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 33
Higher planning safety of investments
- Short times frames of planning and realization
Reduced costs Higher reliability of implementation (proximity of time between planning and
realization)
- Short time frames of full-usage of facilities
short-term redemption/ recovery of investments Flexibili ty in infrastructure development
- Adapted to actual (unforeseen!) rural and urban development
Reduced starting-investments
Minimized investments overall investing only in shortly needed infrastructuremodules
- Adapted to boundary conditions
Adaptable to different techniques and quality needs
Stepwise extension and upgrade
Advantages of integrated infrastructures -2-
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
34/44
| TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 34
Advantages SEMIZENTRAL: Municipality
Higher planning safety of investments
Flexibility in planning and in infrastructure development
Case-adapted solution
Short timeframes of planning and realization
Short timeframes for fully functional facilities
Better environmental quality saving water resources and natural habitats
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
35/44
Operator
Secured and controlled waste and sludge treatment
- Reduced and stabilized amounts of waste and sludge
Predictable low energy needs
Reliable income by selling products
- water, energy, biosolids
Advantages
www.immokraft.de/
Users
Reduced demand of freshwater lower operation costsAssurance of hygienic standards
| TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 35
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
36/44
TU Darmstadt,Tongji University
Kocks, E+H, EW, m+p,RV, ISOE, CSX, FEL
TU Darmstadt, Tongji University
Kocks Consult GmbH, Cosalux
TU Darmstadt, Tongj i University
Huber, ITT Flygt, Rochem, Remondis, Ingut, Elma,Passavant Roediger,
TU Darmstadt, Tongji University
Reference design,
Expo 2010 and research on
process water decolorization
Process evaluation and
design
grey water treatment
Conceptual design,
mass flow balances and
sizing
Development steps in research
TU Darmstadt | IWAR | Peter Cornel |
TP1
TP2
TP2a
flagship
project
SEMIZENTRAL
2003 2005 2008 2012
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
37/44
Status May 2014
| TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 37
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
38/44
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
39/44
TU Darmstadt | IWAR | Peter Cornel |
Kooperationspartner
Konsortialfhrer Fachgebiet Abwassertechnik, InstitutTechnische Universitt Darmstadt
Kooperationspartner Fachgebiet Entwerfen und Stadtentwicklung der TUD
Fachgebiet Landmanagement der TUD
Kocks Consult GmbH Emscher Wassertechnik
Cosalux
Endress + Hauser Conducta
Far Eastern
Roediger Vacuum
m+p
ISOE
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
40/44
Obstacles for implementation
The integrated approach
Does not reflect the organisational structures in politics, administration, .
and even in financing
interdisciplinary thinking, negotiating and acting is not common at all
Prices, cost, fees
Onsite treatment results in cost e.g. for greywater Cost are competitive, but not necessarily with subsidised freshwater cost
Ownership
Treatment facilities within private territory
| TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 40
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
41/44
| TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 41
Summary and Conclusion
Wastewateris not waste, but a resource for- Water
- Electric energy and heat- Nutrients
Recovery and reuse fosters new infrastructure solution
- Nodal, distributed, semi-centralized structures
- Different water qualities fit for purpose instead one single quality for all uses
- Integrated structures including water, wastewater, solid waste treatment
Public health protection fosters professional operation
Innovations are needed in different fields- Water resource management
- Water/waste water treatment technologies with focus on recovery and reuse
- Systemic, conceptual research on water management and water infrastructure
Cities of the future need to be less resource consuming and more self-sufficient
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
42/44
Acknowledgement
| TU Darmstadt | Institute IWAR | Peter Cornel | 42
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
43/44
Peter Cornel, Susanne Bieker
Technische Universitt Darmstadt
Institute....
Integrated urban water management the semizentral approach for fast
growing urban areas
-
8/12/2019 1405 Kolumbien Red
44/44
Peter Cornel, Susanne Bieker
Technische Universitt Darmstadt
Institute....
Xiaohu Dai, Tongji University
Integrated urban water management the semizentral approach for fast
growing urban areas
Clean water Kick-off Workshop
Shanghai, January 2012
top related