1368 triangulation summary
Post on 05-Dec-2014
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What is Triangulation?
“Short-hand term” for synthesis and integrated analysis of data from multiple sources for program decision making
A powerful tool that can be used to:• Demonstrate program impact and areas of improvement• Direct new programs and policy changes
Why Use Triangulation?Countries invest time and resources into collecting data and Strategic Information (SI):
• Patient tracking data: PMTCT & ARV program data• Surveillance data: ANC sentinel surveys, DHS+, incidence testing• Birth and deaths: Vital statistics• Research studies: Quantitative & qualitative
However:• Too much data• Information goes up but rarely comes back• Data rarely examined side-by-side• Analysis of data used for program planning and improvement, and
policy-making is often overlooked
CommunicatingResults
Triangulation Process
Planning Triangulation
Conducting Triangulation
Triangulation Part 1: Planning
Which part of the process?
What steps are involved?
Planning for Triangulation
•Identify key questions•Ensure question is answerable/ actionable
•Identify sources & gather background information•Refine research question (as needed)
Conducting Triangulation
•Gather data/reports•Observations from individual data sets•Note trends across data sets & develop hypotheses
•Check hypotheses & identify additional data to be captured•Summarize findings & draw conclusions
Communicating Triangulation
•Present results and recommendations•Outline next steps based on findings
Triangulation Part 1: Planning
Which part of the process?
What steps are involved?
Planning for Triangulation
•Identify key questions•Ensure question is answerable/ actionable
•Identify sources & gather background information•Refine research question (as needed)
Conducting Triangulation
•Gather data/reports•Observations from individual data sets•Note trends across data sets & develop hypotheses
•Check hypotheses & identify additional data to be captured•Summarize findings & draw conclusions
Communicating Triangulation
•Present results and recommendations•Outline next steps based on findings
Stakeholder Involvement
•Interest from country
•Meet with stakeholders
•Develop In-country Working Team
Question Identification
•Identify key questions of interest
•Identify data sources
•Refine research question(s)
Triangulation Part 2: Conducting
Which part of the process?
What steps are involved?
Planning for Triangulation
•Identify key questions•Ensure question is answerable/ actionable
•Identify sources & gather background information•Refine research question (as needed)
Conducting Triangulation
•Gather data/reports•Observations from individual data sets•Note trends across data sets & develop hypotheses
•Check hypotheses & identify additional data to be captured•Summarize findings & draw conclusions
Communicating Triangulation
•Present results and recommendations•Outline next steps based on findings
Data Collection
•Point person to work in-country to gather data
•Collect all data possible
Hypothesis Development
•Make observations within data sets and across data sets
•Note trends
•Develop hypotheses to answer key questions
Hypothesis Checking
•Note evidence that supports or refutes
•Identify and gather more data, as needed
•Choose promising hypotheses
Triangulation Part 3: Communicating
Which part of the process?
What steps are involved?
Planning for Triangulation
•Identify key questions•Ensure question is answerable/ actionable
•Identify sources & gather background information•Refine research question (as needed)
Conducting Triangulation
•Gather data/reports•Observations from individual data sets•Note trends across data sets & develop hypotheses
•Check hypotheses & identify additional data to be captured•Summarize findings & draw conclusions
Communicating Triangulation
•Present results and recommendations•Outline next steps based on findings
Summation of Findings
•Develop report of methods and findings
Next Steps
•Identify any existing data to fill gaps
•Identify research needed to fill gaps
Application
•Recommend policy &/or program changes
Final Question(s)
Key Questions
16 9 2
Botswana example:Narrowing Key Questions
Important Actionable
Data Available Method Appropriate Feasible
Key Questions
Triangulation at IGH: What We Do
Conduct triangulation analyses• Generate report of findings, recommendations and next steps eg:
• Botswana Case Study: http://www.who.int/entity/hiv/pub/casestudies/evaluation/en/index.html
• Malawi Analysis and Case Study (under review)
Build capacity through in-country collaboration• Joint analyses between UCSF and in-country partners
• Practicum-based training using country data and country analyses
• On-going mentoring with local collaborators to assure a transfer of skills and capacity
www.igh.org
Capacity Building ActivitiesTotal Triangulation Analysis and Training duration is four to six months
• Initial Stakeholder meeting Stakeholders introduced to methodology. Group collaboratively defines area of study
and question for triangulation analysis Task-Force of national technical representatives created to guide triangulation
• Capture of Data Twinning with local collaborating researcher for in-country data-collation work
• Analysis Joint analysis with local collaborating researchers (long distance, in-country, or in San
Francisco depending on capacity, budget, and schedule) Ongoing consultation and review by Task-Force
• Training Workshop For Task-Force members and selected technical personnel from national and provincial
offices Emphasis on practicum-based approach using own-country data. Participants
independently recreate & refine triangulation analyses
• Final Stakeholder Meeting Presentation of findings to collaborators, informed by ideas and feedback of training
workshop, jointly led by local collaborating researchers
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