1101: essay body

Essay BodyDr. Gerald Lucas

Body

Made up of paragraphs

Body

Made up of paragraphs

at least 6, including conclusion

Body

Made up of paragraphs

at least 6, including conclusion

Develop arguments logically

Body

Made up of paragraphs

at least 6, including conclusion

Develop arguments logically

Support assertions with evidence

Body ParagraphsOpen with topic sentence

Body ParagraphsOpen with topic sentence

Use a particular tone and point of view

Body ParagraphsOpen with topic sentence

Use a particular tone and point of view

Develop your subject logically

Body ParagraphsOpen with topic sentence

Use a particular tone and point of view

Develop your subject logically

Flow using transitions

Body ParagraphsOpen with topic sentence

Use a particular tone and point of view

Develop your subject logically

Flow using transitions

Keep reader’s interest with detail

Body ParagraphsOpen with topic sentence

Use a particular tone and point of view

Develop your subject logically

Flow using transitions

Keep reader’s interest with detail

Conclude by looking beyond

Topic Sentence

States focus or central idea of the paragraph

Topic Sentence

States focus or central idea of the paragraph

like a mini thesis

Topic Sentence

States focus or central idea of the paragraph

like a mini thesis

Provides a transition from previous paragraph

Topic Sentence

States focus or central idea of the paragraph

like a mini thesis

Provides a transition from previous paragraph

Refers to your thesis statement

Topic Sentence

Examples

Topic Sentence

Examples

Not only does a footlocker make a nice piece of furniture, it can also hold fond memories.

Topic Sentence

Examples

Not only does a footlocker make a nice piece of furniture, it can also hold fond memories.

In addition to emphasizing non-violent solutions, Star Trek offers solutions to current social problems.

Tone

Expresses emotion through word choice

anger

enthusiasm

outrage

disinterest

etc.

Tone

Examples

Tone

Examples

Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly delived a verdict that favored Microsoft’s position in the anti-trust case.

Tone

Examples

Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly delived a verdict that favored Microsoft’s position in the anti-trust case.

Judge Kollar-Kotelly’s verdict amounts to little more than a slap on the wrist for the monopolist Microsoft

Tone

Be sure to choose your tone carefully

Tone

Be sure to choose your tone carefully

consider your audience

Tone

Be sure to choose your tone carefully

consider your audience

do not lecture or preach

Tone

Be sure to choose your tone carefully

consider your audience

do not lecture or preach

do not alienate

Point of View

Position of the authorial voice

Point of View

Position of the authorial voice

First Person — “I,” “Me”

Point of View

Position of the authorial voice

First Person — “I,” “Me”

Second Person — “You,” “We,” “Us”

Point of View

Position of the authorial voice

First Person — “I,” “Me”

Second Person — “You,” “We,” “Us”

Third Person — “She,” “He,” “They,” “One”

Point of View

Examples

Point of View

Examples

I was ten-years-old when Star Trek was cancelled.

Point of View

Examples

I was ten-years-old when Star Trek was cancelled.

Do you remember when Star Trek was cancelled?

Point of View

Examples

I was ten-years-old when Star Trek was cancelled.

Do you remember when Star Trek was cancelled?

Star Trek was cancelled in 1967.

Choose one point of view and use it consistently throughout the essay

Never use the second-person to mean everyone

in general

Transitions

Make writing flow logically

Transitions

Make writing flow logically

Signal words:

Transitions

Make writing flow logically

Signal words:

Time: first, second, then, next

Transitions

Make writing flow logically

Signal words:

Time: first, second, then, next

Space: beyond, above, beside, toward

Transitions

Make writing flow logically

Signal words:

Time: first, second, then, next

Space: beyond, above, beside, toward

Examples: for instance, to illustrate, for example, in fact

Transitions

Signal words (continued)

Transitions

Signal words (continued)

Addition: moreover, in addition, furthermore, besides

Transitions

Signal words (continued)

Addition: moreover, in addition, furthermore, besides

Summary: therefore, thus, in short

Transitions

Signal words (continued)

Addition: moreover, in addition, furthermore, besides

Summary: therefore, thus, in short

Comparison: similarly, also, like

Transitions

Signal words (continued)

Addition: moreover, in addition, furthermore, besides

Summary: therefore, thus, in short

Comparison: similarly, also, like

Contrast: but, however, yet, although

TransitionsBetween paragraphs

TransitionsBetween paragraphs

links topic sentence to topic sentence

TransitionsBetween paragraphs

links topic sentence to topic sentence

Examples

TransitionsBetween paragraphs

links topic sentence to topic sentence

Examples

Star Trek emphasizes non-violent solutions to difficulties that face the crew each week.

TransitionsBetween paragraphs

links topic sentence to topic sentence

Examples

Star Trek emphasizes non-violent solutions to difficulties that face the crew each week.

While the crew of the Enterprise would rather solve their difficulties non-violently, violence is occasionally necessary.

Unity

Remain consistent and focused

Unity

Remain consistent and focused

Remain within the scope of the essay

Unity

Remain consistent and focused

Remain within the scope of the essay

Do not digress

Unity

Remain consistent and focused

Remain within the scope of the essay

Do not digress

Look to the subject and assertion

Unity

Does the evidence relate to the thesis?

Unity

Does the evidence relate to the thesis?

Is the development consistent with the topic sentence?

Unity

Does the evidence relate to the thesis?

Is the development consistent with the topic sentence?

Do the sentences flow, offering a logically developed argument?

Unity

Does the evidence relate to the thesis?

Is the development consistent with the topic sentence?

Do the sentences flow, offering a logically developed argument?

Is all the information relevant to the subject and assertion?

Development

Provides support through detail

Development

Provides support through detail

Emphasizes key points

Development

Provides support through detail

Emphasizes key points

Makes essay more interesting

Development

Provides support through detail

Emphasizes key points

Makes essay more interesting

Offers credibility

Any supposition made must be supported with evidence, illustrations,

and/or examples.

Detail

Creates images

Detail

Creates images

colorful adjectives

Detail

Creates images

colorful adjectives

metaphors and similes

Detail

Creates images

colorful adjectives

metaphors and similes

Supports or proves assertions

Detail

Creates images

colorful adjectives

metaphors and similes

Supports or proves assertions

anecdotes, facts, statistics

Detail

Compare:

Detail

Compare:

Most cats dislike baths.

Detail

Compare:

Most cats dislike baths.

Most cats avoid tepid water with open claws.

Show, Don’t Tell

Detail

Compare:

Detail

Compare:

I didn’t like the room.

Detail

Compare:

I didn’t like the room.

The place had the excitement of a first kiss.

Detail

Compare:

I didn’t like the room.

The place had the excitement of a first kiss.

Not only were the walls gray, the coffee was cold and bitter.

Conclusion

Ties essay together

Conclusion

Ties essay together

closure

Conclusion

Ties essay together

closure

summary

Conclusion

Ties essay together

closure

summary

Looks beyond

Conclusion

Ties essay together

closure

summary

Looks beyond

points beyond the limited scope of the essay

Conclusion

Never begin “In conclusion...”

Conclusion

Never begin “In conclusion...”

Be brief

Conclusion

Never begin “In conclusion...”

Be brief

Never repeat your introduction

Conclusion

Never begin “In conclusion...”

Be brief

Never repeat your introduction

Expand out — bottom of the hourglass

Conclusion

Star Trek offers a positive view of the future where racial diversity and a healthy reliance on productive technologies encourage today’s population to strive toward a similar vision. With a trust in a rational, scientific world view, Star Trek portrays a vision of humanity that relies less on violence and prejudice and more on how the human mind can overcome current social difficulties on its way to the stars. Hopefully, like humanity, Star Trek will have a long, healthy life in syndication and continue to offer alternatives to current human difficulties.

BodyOpen paragraphs with topic sentences

BodyOpen paragraphs with topic sentences

Use a particular tone and point of view

BodyOpen paragraphs with topic sentences

Use a particular tone and point of view

Develop your subject logically

BodyOpen paragraphs with topic sentences

Use a particular tone and point of view

Develop your subject logically

Flow using transitions

BodyOpen paragraphs with topic sentences

Use a particular tone and point of view

Develop your subject logically

Flow using transitions

Keep reader’s interest with detail

BodyOpen paragraphs with topic sentences

Use a particular tone and point of view

Develop your subject logically

Flow using transitions

Keep reader’s interest with detail

Conclude by looking beyond

©2004 Gerald Lucas