11 networks the great information exchange. 2 networking fundamentals computer network: two or more...
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11
NetworksNetworks
The Great Information Exchange
The Great Information Exchange
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Networking FundamentalsNetworking Fundamentals• Computer network:
• Two or more computers connected together• Each is a Node
• Benefits of a network:• Sharing resources• Transferring files
• Computer network:• Two or more computers connected together
• Each is a Node
• Benefits of a network:• Sharing resources• Transferring files
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Network ArchitectureNetwork Architecture
• Network designs:• Individual PC controlled:
• Peer-to-peer (P2P)
• Centrally controlled:• Client/server
• Network designs:• Individual PC controlled:
• Peer-to-peer (P2P)
• Centrally controlled:• Client/server
Peer-to-peer
Client/server
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Peer-to-Peer NetworksPeer-to-Peer Networks
• Nodes communicate with each other:• Peers
• Share peripheral devices:• Printers• Scanners
• Home and small office networks
• Nodes communicate with each other:• Peers
• Share peripheral devices:• Printers• Scanners
• Home and small office networks
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Client/Server NetworksClient/Server Networks
• Client computers:• Users
• Server computers:• Provide resources to clients• Central network control
• Internet• A large, multi-server, multi-client network.
• Client computers:• Users
• Server computers:• Provide resources to clients• Central network control
• Internet• A large, multi-server, multi-client network.
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LANs and WANsLANs and WANs
• Local area network (LAN):• Nodes are within a small geographic
region:• Homes• Schools• Small businesses
• Wide area network (WAN):• LANs connected over long distances:
• A few miles to thousands of miles• Use telecommunications lines
• Local area network (LAN):• Nodes are within a small geographic
region:• Homes• Schools• Small businesses
• Wide area network (WAN):• LANs connected over long distances:
• A few miles to thousands of miles• Use telecommunications lines
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Network ComponentsNetwork Components
• Transmission media
• Network adapters
• Navigation devices
• Network software
• Transmission media
• Network adapters
• Navigation devices
• Network software
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Transmission MediaTransmission Media• Provides communications channel
between nodes• Forms of media:
• Telephone wire:• Twisted pair
• Coaxial cable• Fiber-optic cable• Radio waves:
• Wireless
• Bandwidth:• Data transfer rate• Throughput
• Provides communications channel between nodes
• Forms of media:• Telephone wire:
• Twisted pair• Coaxial cable• Fiber-optic cable• Radio waves:
• Wireless
• Bandwidth:• Data transfer rate• Throughput
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Network AdaptersNetwork Adapters• Devices connected to or installed in
nodes:• Network interface cards (NIC)• External network adapter
• Enable communication between nodes
• Devices connected to or installed in nodes:• Network interface cards (NIC)• External network adapter
• Enable communication between nodes
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Network Navigation Devices
Network Navigation Devices
• Devices that help make data flow possible
• Routers:• Route data between
networks
• Switches:• Receive data and
retransmit it to nodes on the network
• Devices that help make data flow possible
• Routers:• Route data between
networks
• Switches:• Receive data and
retransmit it to nodes on the network
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Networking SoftwareNetworking Software• Peer-to-peer Software:
• Built into operating systems that support networking
• Windows• Mac OS
• Client/server Software • Network operating system (NOS) software
• Windows XP Professional• Windows Server 2003• Novell Netware
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Ethernet NetworksEthernet Networks• Ethernet network
adapters are used to connect nodes• NIC card• PC Card• USB adapter
• Computers are connected to each other using unshielded twisted pair cable
• Ethernet network adapters are used to connect nodes• NIC card• PC Card• USB adapter
• Computers are connected to each other using unshielded twisted pair cable
RJ-45
Phoneline
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Ethernet SwitchesEthernet Switches
• Keep track of data packets• Amplify and retransmit signals• Keep the network running
efficiently
• Keep track of data packets• Amplify and retransmit signals• Keep the network running
efficiently
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Ethernet RoutersEthernet Routers• Transfer packets from one network to
another• Home Internet routers transfer data from the
Internet to the home network.
• Transfer packets from one network to another
• Home Internet routers transfer data from the Internet to the home network.
Router
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Wireless NetworksWireless Networks• Use radio waves to connect nodes• Basically an Ethernet network that uses radio
waves instead of wires• Each node requires a wireless network
adapter:• Transceiver
• Use radio waves to connect nodes• Basically an Ethernet network that uses radio
waves instead of wires• Each node requires a wireless network
adapter:• Transceiver
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The Internet: The BasicsThe Internet: The Basics
• Origin of the Internet• The Web vs. the Internet• Clients and servers• Connecting to the Internet
• Origin of the Internet• The Web vs. the Internet• Clients and servers• Connecting to the Internet
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The Origin of the InternetThe Origin of the Internet• ARPANET:
• Advanced Research Projects Agency Network• Funded by the US Government in the 1960s• Allowed computers at leading universities and research
organizations to communicate with each other over great distances
• ARPANET:• Advanced Research Projects Agency Network• Funded by the US Government in the 1960s• Allowed computers at leading universities and research
organizations to communicate with each other over great distances
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The Internet vs. The Web The Internet vs. The Web • Internet – part of the system
that is primarily hardware infrastructure (telecommunications, routers, servers, disk drives, etcetera)
• Web - part of the system that contains intellectual property in many multimedia formats (test files, graphic files, sound files, video files, etcetera)
• Internet – part of the system that is primarily hardware infrastructure (telecommunications, routers, servers, disk drives, etcetera)
• Web - part of the system that contains intellectual property in many multimedia formats (test files, graphic files, sound files, video files, etcetera)
INTERNET
WWW
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Client and ServerClient and Server• Client computer:
• Users connect to the Internet• Request data and Web pages
• Server computers• Store Web pages and data• Return the requested data to the client
• Client computer:• Users connect to the Internet• Request data and Web pages
• Server computers• Store Web pages and data• Return the requested data to the client
Server
Client
2020
Connecting to the InternetConnecting to the Internet• Dial-up connections:
• Uses standard telephone line
• Least costly connection• Requires a modem
• Converts analog and digital signals
• Slowest connection speed (56kbps)
• Dial-up connections:• Uses standard
telephone line• Least costly connection• Requires a modem
• Converts analog and digital signals
• Slowest connection speed (56kbps)
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Broadband ConnectionsBroadband Connections
• Digital Subscriber Lines• Faster than dial-up
• Upstream (16Kbps -640kbps)• Downstream (1.5 Mbps – 9
Mbps)
• Requires special DSL modem
• Digital Subscriber Lines• Faster than dial-up
• Upstream (16Kbps -640kbps)• Downstream (1.5 Mbps – 9
Mbps)
• Requires special DSL modem
DSL modem
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Broadband ConnectionsBroadband Connections• Cable:
• Uses TV coaxial cable• Fast connection speed
(300kbps – 4mbps)• Speed depends on
number of users• Not available in all
areas• Requires a cable
modem
• Cable:• Uses TV coaxial cable• Fast connection speed
(300kbps – 4mbps)• Speed depends on
number of users• Not available in all
areas• Requires a cable
modemCoaxial cable
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Satellite ConnectionsSatellite Connections
• Uses a satellite dish and coaxial cable• Download speed
500kbps• Upload speed
100kbps• Signal is affected
by location and weather
• Uses a satellite dish and coaxial cable• Download speed
500kbps• Upload speed
100kbps• Signal is affected
by location and weather
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Comparing Internet Connection Options
Comparing Internet Connection Options
Connection Option
Maximum Upload Data Transfer Rate (approximate)
Maximum Download Data Transfer Rate (approximate)
Dial-Up 56kbps 56kbps
DSL (ADSL)
300 kbps 1 Mbps
DSL (SDSL)
1.5mbps 1.5mbps
Cable 500 kbps 6 mbps
Satellite 100kbps 400kbps
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Internet Service ProvidersInternet Service Providers• ISP:
• Internet service provider• Provide user access to the
Internet• National, regional or local
companies
• ISP:• Internet service provider• Provide user access to the
Internet• National, regional or local
companies
• OSP:• Online service provider• Provide online proprietary
content as well as Internet access
• AOL, CompuServe, MSN
• OSP:• Online service provider• Provide online proprietary
content as well as Internet access
• AOL, CompuServe, MSN
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Choosing an ISPChoosing an ISP
• Factors to consider:• Customer service• Local access numbers• E-mail options • Cost• Trial period
• Factors to consider:• Customer service• Local access numbers• E-mail options • Cost• Trial period
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