10 years of open access at biomed central
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10 years of Open Access at BioMed Central
Matthew CockerillManaging Director, BioMed Central
Technology changes business models
What is fundamentally different about the Open Access publishing
business model?
Traditional research publishing
The research community transfers the rights to the research to the publisher
The publisher covers costs by selling access to the content
Open Access research publishing
No barriers to access No exclusive rights Publisher receives payment for
the service of publication
About BioMed Central
Largest publisher of peer-reviewed open access journals
Launched first open access journal in 2000 Now publishes 199 OA titles >50,000 peer-reviewed OA articles published All research articles published under Creative
Commons licence Costs covered by 'article processing charge'
(APC)
Three key types of journal
BMC-series (~60 titles)– Largely in-house editorial process– Systematic coverage of all areas of biology and medicine– Aims to publish all scientifically sound research– BMC Biology and BMC Medicine highlight top research– BMC Research Notes publishes incremental results, datasets etc.
Independent journals (~135 titles)– External Editors-in-Chief – External editorial process (with option of in-house support)– Some are broad, some focus on a specific niche– Often society-affiliated
Hybrid journals (~6 titles)– In-house editorial process– Commissioned content available to subscribers– All research open access
BioMed Central revenue streams
Publication fees– From authors– From meeting organizers– From sponsoring organizations
Subscription content (e.g. reviews) Services (e.g. Open Repository) Advertising / sponsorship
OA Publication Fees
Putting Open Access fees into perspective
Top-down and bottom-up analyses come to similar conclusionAverage publisher revenue per STM article, under the traditional subscription-based model, is around £3000 ($4700)
What do OA publication fees cover?
Open access publishing has most of the same costs as the traditional system:– Editorial– Technical– Production– Customer services– Marketing (e.g. conference attendance)
OA publication fees ($US)
BioMed Central $915-$2265 Public Library of Science $1300-$2850 Company of Biologists $2560 Oxford University Press $3000 Royal Society $2550-$4420 Springer $3000 Taylor & Francis $3250 Wiley $3000
How do OA publication fees get paid?
Authors may pay out of grant funds Some funders provide dedicated funds
for open access publishing costs Institutions may cover costs centrally
(via open access funds and/or membership arrangements with OA publishers)
Some journals are run by organizations which cover costs themselves
BioMed Central membership
Prepay membership– Institution pays funds into a deposit account– Article Processing Charge is covered by funds from
account– Discount depending on deposit amount– Author does not have to pay– Simplified administration/reporting
Supporter membership– Institutions pay a flat fee– Authors pay a discounted Article Processing Charge
How are BioMed Central articles paid for?
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Discretionary waivers
Low income country waiver
Promotional waiver
Full/prepay member
Individual APC (supporter)
Individual APC (standard)
Not all publication fees come from authors
Author’s pay publication fee for research articles
DFG funding covers cost of additional articles
Some BioMed Central journals with no author fees
Chinese MedicineChiropractic & OsteopathyItalian Journal of PediatricsJournal of Biomedical ScienceJournal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve InjuryJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and ResearchJournal of the International AIDS SocietyScandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency MedicineSports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation, Therapy & Technology
Making peer review more efficient
Peer review cascade
Highrejection rate
Moderaterejection rate
Lowrejection rate
Advantages of peer review cascade
Avoids delays for authors Avoids saddling academics with
repeated peer review of less interesting papers
Separates question of soundness of research from level of interest– Soundness determines whether to publish– Interest determines where to publish
Increasingly widespread model
PLoS Nature Cell Neuroscience Peer
Review Consortium
BioMed Central journal’s with additional subscription content
And soon…
Examples of additional services
A hosted digital repository solution
Integration ensures articles published in OA journals can easily be included
Advertising
Common question from would-be journal editors: “Can we support a journal entirely with advertising?”
Unlikely - advertising is small fraction of revenue for BioMed Central journals
Institutions, funders and open access
Mandatory OA-deposit policies from research funders E.g. NIH, HHMI, UK PMC funder group
Institutional OA-deposit mandates E.g. Harvard, MIT, UCL
Central institutional open access fundsE.g. Nottingham, Newcastle, Calgary, Berkeley
Growth of BioMed Central
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Science Now
Genome Biology
Independent Journals
BMC Research Notes
BMC series
Growth in quarterly manuscipt submissions
Which have been Biomed Central’s most rapidly growing journals
BMC Genomics
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BMC Developmental Biology
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Genome Biology
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Malaria Journal
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What do these journals have in common?
Official Impact Factors
BioMed Central journals with official Thomson Reuters/ISI impact factors
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No. of journals with
Impact Factor
‘New journals’ vs ‘Transfer journals’
BioMed Central proved the OA model with new journal launches
The success of the model has led to more and more journal transfers
Open Access publishing,then and now…
20092000
And more…
A new industry association
Goals of OASPA
Represents Open Access publishers Agree common definition of Open Access Establish and enforce good standards of
editorial and business practices amongst members
Identify guidelines and best practices for publishers and institutions in managing payment of publication fees
Springer’s acquisition of BioMed Central
+
Springer acquisition FAQs
Will BioMed Central’s policy of open access to all research continue?Yes – this was an obligatory condition for the deal to gain approval by BioMed Central’s Board of Trustees
Is BioMed Central profitable?Springer bought BioMed Central because it is a healthy publishing business, in a growing sector of the market
Will BioMed Central APCs be increased to Springer Open Choice levels?There are no plans to change BioMed Central’s APC pricing policy as a result of the deal
What does the acquisition mean for BioMed Central?
BioMed Central remains an autonomous operating unit within Springer
Springer’s global infrastructure and market presence is helping BioMed Central to expand its activities
Springer has a wealth of experience in society publishing
As part of Springer, BioMed Central is ideally placed to publish open access society journals
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