1 st nine weeks study guide. standard 1 (glassware, measurements, instruments) light microscope...

11stst Nine Weeks Study Nine Weeks Study Guide Guide

Standard 1 (Glassware, Standard 1 (Glassware, Measurements, Instruments)Measurements, Instruments)

Light Light MicroscopeMicroscope

Electron Electron MicroscopeMicroscope

Magnification Magnification powerpower

15001500 500,000500,000

Method of Method of MagnificationMagnification

LightLight ElectronsElectrons

TypesTypes Compound & Compound & DissectingDissecting

Scanning & Scanning & TransmissionTransmission

Standard 1 (Glassware, Standard 1 (Glassware, Measurements, Instruments)Measurements, Instruments)

2. a) meters b) liters c) grams d) 2. a) meters b) liters c) grams d) celsiuscelsius

3. kilo-1000, 3. kilo-1000,

milli-0.001milli-0.001

4. to communicate 4. to communicate

internationallyinternationally

5. Graduated Cylinders 5. Graduated Cylinders

Standard 2 (Cells)Standard 2 (Cells)

6. How do particles 6. How do particles move in move in diffusion?diffusion?

From an area of high to From an area of high to

low concentrationlow concentration

7. 7. The diffusion of The diffusion of water across a water across a selectively selectively permeable permeable membrane is called membrane is called what? what?

OsmosisOsmosis

Standard 2 (Cells)Standard 2 (Cells)8. What are the 3 types of passive 8. What are the 3 types of passive

transport?transport?• Simple & Facilitated Diffusion, OsmosisSimple & Facilitated Diffusion, Osmosis

9. What cell structure regulates what 9. What cell structure regulates what enters and leaves the enters and leaves the

cell? What does it maintain?cell? What does it maintain?• Plasma membranePlasma membrane • HomeostasisHomeostasis

Standard 2 (Cells)Standard 2 (Cells)

- Requires energy- Requires energy- particles move - particles move from an area of low from an area of low concentration to high concentration to high concentrationconcentration

- Doesn’t require energy- Doesn’t require energy - particles move from an - particles move from an area of high concentration area of high concentration to low concentrationto low concentrationT

yp

es

of

tran

sport

10.

Standard 2 (Cells)Standard 2 (Cells)

11. What are the three types of 11. What are the three types of endocytosis?endocytosis?

• Phagocytosis & Pinocytosis Phagocytosis & Pinocytosis

12. What is the picture above an 12. What is the picture above an example of?example of?

Facilitated diffusionFacilitated diffusion

Standard 2 (Cells)Standard 2 (Cells)

13. Explain a hypertonic solution in 13. Explain a hypertonic solution in terms of where the solute is.terms of where the solute is.

• Higher concentration of solute on OUTSIDE of the cell, Higher concentration of solute on OUTSIDE of the cell,

causing the cell to SHRINK. (salt sucks the water out)causing the cell to SHRINK. (salt sucks the water out)

Standard 2 (Cells)Standard 2 (Cells)14. Explain a hypotonic solution in terms of 14. Explain a hypotonic solution in terms of

where the solute is.where the solute is.Higher concentration of solute on INSIDE of the cell, Higher concentration of solute on INSIDE of the cell,

causing the cell to BURST. (salt sucks the water IN) causing the cell to BURST. (salt sucks the water IN)

15. Explain an isotonic solution in terms of 15. Explain an isotonic solution in terms of water movement.water movement.

• Concentration of solute is the SAME inside and Concentration of solute is the SAME inside and outside of the cell, causing the cell to remain the outside of the cell, causing the cell to remain the

same size.same size.

Standard 2 (Cells)Standard 2 (Cells)

16. Explain a hypertonic solution in 16. Explain a hypertonic solution in terms of water movement & draw a terms of water movement & draw a picture.picture.

17. Explain a hypotonic solution in 17. Explain a hypotonic solution in terms of water movement & draw a terms of water movement & draw a picture.picture.

H20Out Cell

Shrinks

H20In

Cell Swells

Standard 2 (Cells)Standard 2 (Cells)

18. If a cell is placed in a hypertonic 18. If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, where does water go and solution, where does water go and what is this movement called?what is this movement called?

• Out of the cell; osmosis Out of the cell; osmosis

Standard 2 (Cells)Standard 2 (Cells)

19. What happens in facilitated 19. What happens in facilitated diffusion?diffusion?

• Small particles move from an area of high Small particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration using a concentration to an area of low concentration using a transport protein. transport protein.

Standard 4 (Cell Organelles) Standard 4 (Cell Organelles)

20. Where does protein synthesis occur?20. Where does protein synthesis occur?• Ribosomes Ribosomes

21. What is the function of the chloroplast?21. What is the function of the chloroplast?• Make food for the cell, turn plants greenMake food for the cell, turn plants green

22. What does the vacuole store?22. What does the vacuole store?• Food, water, or wasteFood, water, or waste

Standard 4 (Cell Organelles)Standard 4 (Cell Organelles)

23. Compare and contrast a 23. Compare and contrast a prokaryote and eukaryote in terms prokaryote and eukaryote in terms of: of:

• a) genetic material location a) genetic material location In the eukaryotic cell the genetic material is in the In the eukaryotic cell the genetic material is in the

nucleus, in the prokaryotic cell the genetic material nucleus, in the prokaryotic cell the genetic material is suspended in the cytoplasm in the nucleoid is suspended in the cytoplasm in the nucleoid region. region.

• b) types of organelles present.b) types of organelles present. The only organelles present in the prokaryotic cell The only organelles present in the prokaryotic cell

are ribosomes, cell membrane, and cell wall. The are ribosomes, cell membrane, and cell wall. The eukaryotic cell has all organelles present. eukaryotic cell has all organelles present.

Standard 4 (Cell Organelles)Standard 4 (Cell Organelles)

24. What are cilia? 24. What are cilia? • little hairs that aid in locomotionlittle hairs that aid in locomotion..

25. What are three structures found only in animal 25. What are three structures found only in animal cells?cells?

• Centrioles/centrosomes, cilia, flagellaCentrioles/centrosomes, cilia, flagella

26. What are three structures found only in plant 26. What are three structures found only in plant cells?cells?

• chloroplast, large central vacuole, cell wallchloroplast, large central vacuole, cell wall

27. What organelle is nicknamed the “powerhouse” 27. What organelle is nicknamed the “powerhouse” of the cell? of the cell?

• MitochondriaMitochondria

28. What are all living things made up of? 28. What are all living things made up of? • CellsCells

Standard 4 (Cell Organelles)Standard 4 (Cell Organelles)

29. What layer makes up a plasma 29. What layer makes up a plasma membrane? membrane? Phospholipid BilayerPhospholipid Bilayer

30. What is an example of a eukaryotic cell? 30. What is an example of a eukaryotic cell? Animal or plant cells Animal or plant cells

31. What is an example of a prokaryotic cell? 31. What is an example of a prokaryotic cell? Bacterial cellBacterial cell

32. Name two types of cells that have a cell 32. Name two types of cells that have a cell wall.wall.Plant cell, bacterial cellPlant cell, bacterial cell

Standard 4 (Cell Organelles)Standard 4 (Cell Organelles)33. Which structure in the figure is 33. Which structure in the figure is

the control center? the control center? I I 34. Which structure in the figure 34. Which structure in the figure

maintains homeostasis?maintains homeostasis? D D35. Which structure is responsible 35. Which structure is responsible

for chemical reactions? for chemical reactions? LL36. Which structure in the figure 36. Which structure in the figure

transforms energy? transforms energy? KK37. Which structure in the figure 37. Which structure in the figure

sorts and transports? sorts and transports? GG38. Which parts in the figure are in 38. Which parts in the figure are in

a prokaryotic cell? a prokaryotic cell? D,(membrane) D,(membrane) H(cytoplasm), H(cytoplasm), M(ribosome)M(ribosome)

Standard 5 (Levels of Organization)Standard 5 (Levels of Organization)

39. Define an organism and give an 39. Define an organism and give an example of one.example of one.

• Anything that possesses all of the Anything that possesses all of the characteristics of life. A person. characteristics of life. A person.

40. What are the levels of organization 40. What are the levels of organization in the environment from simplest to in the environment from simplest to complex?complex?

Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere

Standard 5 (Levels of Organization)Standard 5 (Levels of Organization)

41. What are the levels of organization 41. What are the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from in a multicellular organism from simplest to complex?simplest to complex?

Cells Tissues Organs Organ System Organism