1 phylum mollusca. 2 3 numbers of species echinodermata ciliophora chordata mollusca platyhelminthes...

11

Phylum MolluscaPhylum Mollusca

22

Phylum MolluscaPhylum Mollusca

33

Numbers of speciesNumbers of speciesNumbers of speciesNumbers of species

Echinodermata

Ciliophora

Chordata

Mollusca

Platyhelminthes

Nematoda

PoriferaAnnelida

Other

Apicomplex

Sarcomastigophora

Arthropoda

44

MolluscsMolluscs 50,000 -100,000 living 50,000 -100,000 living

speciesspecies 35,000 extinct species35,000 extinct species Largest = 1000 poundsLargest = 1000 pounds 80% less than 5 cm80% less than 5 cm Soft bodySoft body Most have a shellMost have a shell Most marineMost marine Snails terrestrialSnails terrestrial

Most habitatMost habitat

55

Phylum MolluscaPhylum Mollusca

Ventral FootVentral Foot LocomotionLocomotion

MantleMantle Encloses mantle cavityEncloses mantle cavity

ShellShell RadulaRadula Coelom (eucoelomate)Coelom (eucoelomate) MetanephridiaMetanephridia Open circulatory systemOpen circulatory system

Closed in cephalopodsClosed in cephalopods

66

EconomicsEconomics

PearlsPearls Burrowing shipworms Burrowing shipworms Snails & slugsSnails & slugs

Garden pestsGarden pests FoodFood Intermediate hosts for Intermediate hosts for

parasitesparasites

77

Trochophore LarvaTrochophore Larva Same type as Phylum Same type as Phylum

AnnelidaAnnelida

88

MyxozoaMyxozoaMyxozoaMyxozoa

ArthropodaArthropodaArthropodaArthropoda AnnelidaAnnelidaAnnelidaAnnelida

MolluscaMolluscaMolluscaMollusca

LophophoresLophophoresLophophoresLophophores

HemichordataHemichordataHemichordataHemichordata

VertebrataVertebrataVertebrataVertebrata

Other Other pseudocoelomatespseudocoelomates

Other Other pseudocoelomatespseudocoelomates

NematodaNematodaNematodaNematoda

PoriferaPoriferaPoriferaPorifera

CtenophoraCtenophoraCtenophoraCtenophoraCnidariaCnidariaCnidariaCnidaria

PlacozoaPlacozoaPlacozoaPlacozoa

PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthesNemerteaNemerteaNemerteaNemertea

CiliophoraCiliophoraCiliophoraCiliophoraSarcomastigophoraSarcomastigophoraSarcomastigophoraSarcomastigophora

MicrosporaMicrosporaMicrosporaMicrosporaApicomplexaApicomplexaApicomplexaApicomplexa

MesozoaMesozoaMesozoaMesozoa

EchinodermataEchinodermataEchinodermataEchinodermata

CrustaceaCrustaceaCrustaceaCrustaceaChelicerataChelicerataChelicerataChelicerata

UniramiaUniramiaUniramiaUniramia

Other ChordataOther ChordataOther ChordataOther Chordata

99

Generalized MolluscGeneralized Mollusc

1010

Body PlanBody PlanBody PlanBody Plan

Mantle cavityMantle cavityMantle cavityMantle cavity

CtenidiumCtenidiumCtenidiumCtenidium

Pericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavity MetanephridiumMetanephridiumMetanephridiumMetanephridium

RadulaRadulaRadulaRadula

GonadGonadGonadGonad

Stomach and digestive glandStomach and digestive glandStomach and digestive glandStomach and digestive gland FootFootFootFoot

1111

Dorsal mantle Dorsal mantle covers the visceral covers the visceral mass.mass.

Dorsal mantle Dorsal mantle covers the visceral covers the visceral mass.mass.

1212

Secretes the shellSecretes the shellSecretes the shellSecretes the shell

1313

Ctenidium (Respiration)Ctenidium (Respiration)Ctenidium (Respiration)Ctenidium (Respiration)

1414

Complete digestive Complete digestive systemsystemComplete digestive Complete digestive systemsystem

1515

Paired ventral nerve Paired ventral nerve cordscordsPaired ventral nerve Paired ventral nerve cordscords

1616

RadulaRadulaRadulaRadula

1717

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Source: From A Life of Invertebrates, Copyright © 1979 W. D. Russell-Hunter.

Radular Structure

1818

Coelom - metanephridiaCoelom - metanephridiaCoelom - metanephridiaCoelom - metanephridia

1919

Class PolyplacophoraClass PolyplacophoraChitonsChitons

2020

Class PolyplacophoraClass PolyplacophoraClass PolyplacophoraClass Polyplacophora

Eight dorsal platesEight dorsal plates Reduced headReduced head Radula reinforced Radula reinforced

with ironwith iron Scrape algae from Scrape algae from

rocksrocks

2121

Class PolyplacophoraClass Polyplacophora

Mantle cavityMantle cavityMantle cavityMantle cavityMouthMouthMouthMouth

CtenidiumCtenidiumCtenidiumCtenidium

FootFootFootFoot

AnusAnusAnusAnus

2222

Class PolyplacophoraClass PolyplacophoraClass PolyplacophoraClass Polyplacophora

MouthMouthMouthMouth

DigestiveDigestiveglandgland

DigestiveDigestiveglandgland

StomachStomachStomachStomach GonadGonadGonadGonadPericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavity

NephridiumNephridiumNephridiumNephridium

AnusAnusAnusAnus

2323

Class BivalviaClass BivalviaClams, Oysters, ShipwormsClams, Oysters, ShipwormsClass BivalviaClass BivalviaClams, Oysters, ShipwormsClams, Oysters, Shipworms

2424

Class BivalviaClass Bivalvia

Two shellsTwo shells Most are filter Most are filter

feedersfeeders No head or radulaNo head or radula Burrow Burrow

Sand, wood, rocksSand, wood, rocks

2525

2626

2727

Giant Clam & Burrowing Giant Clam & Burrowing ClamClam

Siphon

2828

Zebra MusselZebra Mussel

Environmental PestEnvironmental Pest Ballast water of ships Ballast water of ships

from Europe in 1986from Europe in 1986 Attack be secreting Attack be secreting

adhesive byssal adhesive byssal threadsthreads Each otherEach other Other musselsOther mussels Man made objectsMan made objects

Pipes, plumbingPipes, plumbing

2929

Zebra MusselZebra Mussel

Live in high densitiesLive in high densities Feed on Feed on

phytoplanktonphytoplankton Reproduce rapidlyReproduce rapidly

3030

Zebra MusselZebra Mussel

Attach to native Attach to native musselsmussels

Killed all native Killed all native mussels in Lake Eriemussels in Lake Erie

3131

Distribution of Zebra Distribution of Zebra MusselMussel

3232

Bivalve structuresBivalve structuresBivalve structuresBivalve structures

IncurrentIncurrentsiphonsiphonIncurrentIncurrentsiphonsiphon

CtenidiumCtenidiumCtenidiumCtenidium

ExcurrentExcurrentsiphonsiphonExcurrentExcurrentsiphonsiphon

HingeHingeHingeHinge

FootFootFootFoot

Labial palpLabial palpLabial palpLabial palp

3333

Clam anatomyClam anatomyClam anatomyClam anatomyPericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavity

HeartHeartHeartHeart

GonadGonadGonadGonadIntestineIntestineIntestineIntestine

StomachStomachStomachStomach IncurrentIncurrentIncurrentIncurrent

ExcurrentExcurrentExcurrentExcurrent

IntestineIntestineIntestineIntestine

MetanephridiumMetanephridiumMetanephridiumMetanephridium

3434

Clam anatomyClam anatomyClam anatomyClam anatomy

GonadGonadGonadGonadIntestineIntestineIntestineIntestine

StomachStomachStomachStomachIncurrentIncurrentIncurrentIncurrent

ExcurrentExcurrentExcurrentExcurrent

DigestiveDigestiveglandgland

DigestiveDigestiveglandgland

3535

Clam anatomyClam anatomyClam anatomyClam anatomyPericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavity

HeartHeartHeartHeart

IncurrentIncurrentIncurrentIncurrent

ExcurrentExcurrentExcurrentExcurrent

IntestineIntestineIntestineIntestine

3636

Clam anatomyClam anatomyClam anatomyClam anatomyPericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavity

HeartHeartHeartHeart

GonadGonadGonadGonad

IncurrentIncurrentIncurrentIncurrent

ExcurrentExcurrentExcurrentExcurrent

IntestineIntestineIntestineIntestine

MetanephridiumMetanephridiumMetanephridiumMetanephridium

3737

OystersOysters

3838

Pearl formationPearl formation

Developing pearlDeveloping pearlDeveloping pearlDeveloping pearl

EpitheliumEpitheliumEpitheliumEpithelium

ShellShellShellShell

Irritant lodged between shell and mantle

Layers of nacre secreted around foreign material

3939

ScallopsScallops

4040

ShipwormsShipworms

4141

Class GastropodaClass GastropodaSnails, Slugs, Conchs, Snails, Slugs, Conchs, LimpetsLimpets

Class GastropodaClass GastropodaSnails, Slugs, Conchs, Snails, Slugs, Conchs, LimpetsLimpets

4242

Class GastropodaClass Gastropoda

One shell (if present)One shell (if present) Torsion of bodyTorsion of body

4343

4444

SnailSnail

TerrestrailTerrestrail Mantle cavity Mantle cavity

functions as lungfunctions as lung

4545

SnailSnail

TentacleTentacle(Eye stalks)(Eye stalks)TentacleTentacle(Eye stalks)(Eye stalks)

TentacleTentacleTentacleTentacle

PneumostomePneumostomePneumostomePneumostome

AnusAnusAnusAnus

FootFootFootFootMouthMouthMouthMouth

Genital poreGenital poreGenital poreGenital pore

ShellShellShellShell

4646

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Internal Structure of a Generalized Gastropod

4747

NudibranchNudibranch

No shellNo shell Dorsal projectionsDorsal projections

GillsGills Nematocyst dischargeNematocyst discharge

4848

AbaloneAbaloneAbaloneAbalone

Several holes in top of shellSeveral holes in top of shell Excrete wasteExcrete waste

Food for manFood for man

4949

SlugSlug

No shellNo shell Garden pestsGarden pests

5050

LimpetLimpet

HerbivoresHerbivores Cling to rocks or other surfacesCling to rocks or other surfaces

5151

ConchConch

Large shellLarge shell MarineMarine Many are predatorsMany are predators

5252

Class CephalopodaClass CephalopodaSquids, Octopuses, Squids, Octopuses, NautilusesNautiluses

Class CephalopodaClass CephalopodaSquids, Octopuses, Squids, Octopuses, NautilusesNautiluses

5353

Class CephalopodaClass Cephalopoda

Shell in squid and Shell in squid and octopus absent or octopus absent or vestigialvestigial

Jet propulsionJet propulsion Ink sacInk sac Foot modified into Foot modified into

arms and tentaclesarms and tentacles MarineMarine All predatorsAll predators

5454

SquidSquidSquidSquid

DorsalDorsalVentralVentral

Posterior surfacePosterior surface

RightRight

LeftLeft

5555

SquidSquidSquidSquid

FinFinFinFin

ArmArmArmArm

Funnel (siphon)Funnel (siphon)Funnel (siphon)Funnel (siphon)

EyeEyeEyeEye

TentacleTentacleTentacleTentacle

CollarCollarCollarCollar

5656

SquidSquidSquidSquidShell (Pen)Shell (Pen)Shell (Pen)Shell (Pen)

CtenidiumCtenidiumCtenidiumCtenidium

FunnelFunnelFunnelFunnel

SystemicSystemicheartheartSystemicSystemicheartheart

Branchial heartBranchial heartBranchial heartBranchial heart

5757

Squid MaleSquid MaleSquid MaleSquid MaleTestisTestisTestisTestis

Hectocotylous armHectocotylous armHectocotylous armHectocotylous arm

PenisPenisPenisPenis

5858

Squid FemaleSquid FemaleSquid FemaleSquid Female

Ovary with eggsOvary with eggsOvary with eggsOvary with eggs

Nidamental glandsNidamental glandsNidamental glandsNidamental glands

Oviducal glandOviducal glandOviducal glandOviducal gland

Oviducal openingOviducal openingOviducal openingOviducal opening

5959

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Cephalopod Eye

6060

OctopusOctopus

Eight arms with Eight arms with suckerssuckers

Crawl or eject water Crawl or eject water from siphonfrom siphon

Change skin colorChange skin color chromatophoreschromatophores

Most intelligent Most intelligent invertebrateinvertebrate

6161

NautilusNautilus

Up to 94 tentaclesUp to 94 tentacles No suckersNo suckers

Shell with many Shell with many chamberschambers Lives in outermost Lives in outermost

chamberchamber

6262

AmmonoidsAmmonoids

ExtinctExtinct Devonian to Devonian to

CretaceousCretaceous 400 to 65 MYA400 to 65 MYA

Died out with Died out with dinosaursdinosaurs

6363

Class ScaphopodaClass Scaphopoda

Tooth shellsTooth shells Shell opens on both Shell opens on both

endsends Burrow into mudBurrow into mud No gillsNo gills

Mantle for gas Mantle for gas exchangeexchange

Feed on detritus and Feed on detritus and protozoaprotozoa

6464

Class ScaphododaClass ScaphododaClass ScaphododaClass Scaphododa

6565

The EndThe End