1. name at least two human rights violations that are ... · fugitive slave act the new law created...

1. Name at least two human rights violations that are being denied to slaves

2. Give two reasons why slaveholders would beat their slaves

1. What was McDuffie’s economic argument for slavery?

2. What was McDuffie’s racial argument for slavery?

Nat Turner Rebellion

Nat Turner Rebellion

Name: ___________________ Period: _____

H I S TO R I C A L I D ’s

To p i c : Abolitionists

Historical Context: W r i t e a w e l l - o r g a n i z e d s u m m a r y . W e l l F. E . D .

Name: ___________________ Period: _____

H I S TO R I C A L I D ’s

To p i c :

Historical Context: W r i t e a w e l l - o r g a n i z e d s u m m a r y . W e l l F. E . D .

Underground Railroad

Who were the Abolitionists?

Started in New England

Many had grown wealthy in the slave trade before the

importation of slaves was outlawed

Many had grown wealthy as a result of the labors of the slaves

Many were free African-Americans looking for support for their

cause

Area became the hotbed of abolitionist sentiment.

The Abolitionists

Their Cause

To rid the country of slavery

Argued against slavery as a social and moral evil

Used examples of African American writings and other

achievements to demonstrate that Africans and their descendents

were as capable of learning as were Europeans and their

descendents in America

The Abolitionists

How?

Abolitionist newspapers, pamphlets

developed, and other forms of

propaganda

The Effects?

By 1820 that South Carolina instituted

penalties for anyone bringing written

anti-slavery material into the state.

The Abolitionists?

The Problem

To prove their case that one person owning another one was

morally wrong, they first had to convince many, in all sections of

the country, that Negroes were human.

Problem - many people among the abolitionists did not believe

the two races were equal.

Key Participants

Harriet Tubman

Frederick Douglas

Harriet Beecher Stowe

The Underground Railroad

A network of people who helped fugitive slaves escape to the

North and to Canada

Was not run by any single organization or person.

Consisted of many individuals -- many whites but

predominantly black

Estimated that the South lost 100,000 slaves between 1810

and 1850.

An organized system to assist runaway slaves seems to have

begun towards the end of the 18th century.

The Underground Railroad

Used railroading terms: the homes and businesses where

fugitives would rest and eat were called "stations" and "depots"

and were run by "stationmasters," those who contributed money

or goods were "stockholders," and the "conductor" was

responsible for moving fugitives from one station to the next.

The "Conductor," person posing as a slave, would enter a

plantation and then guide the runaways northward.

The fugitives would move at night.

The fugitives would also travel by train and boat

The Underground Railroad

Sprang up in the larger towns and cities of the North, most

prominently in New York, Philadelphia, and Boston. In addition to

soliciting money, the organizations provided food, lodging and

money, and helped the fugitives settle into a community by

helping them find jobs and providing letters of recommendation.

Key People

John Fairfield in Ohio, the son of a slaveholding family, who

made many daring rescues

Levi Coffin, a Quaker who assisted more than 3,000 slaves

Harriet Tubman, who made 19 trips into the South and escorted

over 300 slaves to freedom

The Compromise

Of

1850

What Did We Learn: The Compromises of the Civil War The Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850 is considered a turning point

Shifted the public emphasis from expansion to preserving the Union

May be considered the first in a chain of events of the 1850’s that led up to

the Civil War

Five-part Plan

CA Admitted as a free state

New Mexico-Texas border dispute settled

Slave Trade, but not slavery itself, would be abolished in D.C.

Popular Sovereignty Introduced

Stronger Fugitive Slave Law

III Parts

Part 1

Hello Cali

California enters as a free state

Compromise….????....!!!!

Democratizing Democracy

Popular Sovereignty Introduced

The New Mexico and Utah territories were to

decide the question of slavery or free by relying on

“popular sovereignty,” allowing the actual settlers to

vote on the issue

Part 2

Sovereign: Self-government; independent

Popular sovereignty was the political doctrine

that the people who lived in a region should

determine for themselves the nature of their

government.

So what was Popular Sovereignty

South: What’s in it for me? Part 3

Fugitive Slave Act

In recognition of Southern support for California's admission to the

Union as a free state and ending the slave trade in the District of

Columbia, Congress enacted the Fugitive Slave Act to assist the South

with maintaining a tight rein on slaveholders’ property.

Fugitive Slave Act

The new law created a force of federal commissioners empowered

to pursue fugitive slaves in any state and return them to their

owners.

No statute of limitations applied, so that even those slaves who

had been free for many years could be (and were) returned.

Fugitive Slave Act

The commissioners enjoyed broad powers, including the right to

compel citizens to assist in the pursuit and apprehension of

runaways; fines and imprisonment awaited those who refused to

cooperate.

United States marshals were required to be diligent in the

enforcement of the act and could be fined for being lax.

Fugitive Slave Act

A captured runaway could not testify on his own behalf and was

not entitled to a court trial.

The commissioners received a fee of 10 dollars for every slave

returned; the fee was reduced to five dollars if the accused slave

were released.

Fugitive Slave Act

Com prom i se o f 1850

Nat Turner Rebellion

Nat Turner Rebellion

Tariff

Nullification

States-Rights

What Did We Learn: The Compromises of the Civil War The Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850 is considered a turning point

Shifted the public emphasis from expansion to preserving the Union

May be considered the first in a chain of events of the 1850’s that led

up to the Civil War

Fugitive Slave law was bitterly opposed by many throughout the

North

South remains bitter over the loss of CA as slave state because there

was no place for another slave state

Monday, June 9th

Do Now: Update your K-W-L

Missouri Compromise

Compromise of 1850

North vs. South – Differences

Abolitionist Movement

Underground RR

What I Know

About the Civil War

What I Learned

About the Civil War What I Want to Learn

About the Civil War

K-W-L The Civil War

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

What does the above summary mean?

Tuesday, June 10th

•Kansas and Nebraska Act

•Notes

•What’s the Gist

•“Bleeding Kansas”

•Exit Pass

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

The KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT OF 1854 may have been the most

significant event leading to the Civil War.

Why so significant?

Westward Expansion – Settlers from the North and South moved into the

area of Nebraska.

BUT….Until the area was organized as a territory, settlers would not

move there because they could not legally hold a claim on the land.

The South was thinking -

No hurry to permit a Nebraska territory because the land lay north of the

36°30' parallel

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

…And then everything changed

Key Player -

SENATOR STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS (Democrat), Illinois

To see Nebraska made into a territory and, to win southern support

Proposed a southern state that included slavery - It was Kansas.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed each territory to decide the issue of slavery on

the basis of popular sovereignty.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

The Effect –

The Kansas-Nebraska Bill of 1854 undid the Missouri Compromise

and the Compromise of 1850 – Bill becomes law May 30, 1854

The tension between pro-slavery and free soil factions over

slavery in new territories increased

Birth of the Republican Party

“Bleeding Kansas”

John Steuart Curry

Beecher’s Bibles

The reaction

North Abolitionists send approx. 1,200 armed to fight for freedom.

The abolitionist minister Henry Ward Beecher furnished settlers with Sharps

rifles, which came to be known as "Beecher's Bibles."

Rumors Spread through the South that 20,000 Northerners were descending on

Kansas

“Bleeding Kansas”

South Reacts

Thousands of armed Southerners, mostly from Missouri flood Kansas to

vote for a proslavery congressional delegate.

Only half the ballots were cast by registered voters - The proslavery forces

win the election.

The new state legislature enacts the Missouri Slave Code

These laws had severe penalties against anyone who spoke or wrote against

slaveholding; those who assisted fugitives would be put to death or sentenced

to ten years hard labor.

“Bleeding Kansas”

“Bleeding Kansas”

Tensions increase

Proslavery vs. Free State men.

Tarred and feathered, kidnapped, killed

Escalation

May 21, 1856, a group of proslavery vs. John Brown

Killed five proslavery men(hacked them to death)

“Bleeding Kansas”

Tensions increase

Violence in Congress

Abolitionist Senator Charles Sumner vs. Congressman Preston Brooks

Attacked Sumner at his Senate desk and beat him senseless with a cane.

In all, approximately 55 people died in "Bleeding Kansas."

Exit/Admit Pass

If you had to summarize the events of the period that is

commonly referred to as “Bleeding Kansas” - how would

you summarize this event and its significance?

“Bleeding Kansas”

North Reacts Again

Two Governments???

President Pierce recognizes the proslavery legislature.

David Atchinson, Missouri Senator

"negro thieves" and "abolitionist tyrants."

Defend their institution "with the bayonet and with blood" and, if necessary,

"to kill every God-damned abolitionist in the district."

Wednesday, June 11th

Dred Scott

1857, Supreme Court Case - Dred Scott v. Sanford

Who was Dred Scott?

Slave who sued for his freedom

Who else was involved?

Roger B. Taney, Chief Justice of Supreme Court

Dred Scott

What happened?

7-2 decision ruled against Scott

Why did the USSC rule against Scott?

Taney argued that blacks “are not included, and were not intended

to be included, under the word ‘citizens’ in the Constitution.”

According to Taney, neither the Declaration of Independence nor the

Constitution had been intended to apply to blacks. “So far inferior

that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect”

Dred Scott

What else did the court say?

The court also declared the 1820 Missouri Compromise

unconstitutional - permitting slavery in all of the country's

territories.

The Supreme Court said what?!?

Congress had exceeded its authority when if forbade slavery…for

slaves were private property protected by the Constitution.

Dred Scott

Prediction Time

How would the North React?

Abolitionists were incensed

Dred Scott Prediction Time How would the Frederick Douglas React?

“…my hopes were never brighter than now."

Why would Douglas suggest such an idea?

For Douglass, the decision would bring slavery to the

attention of the nation and was a step toward slavery's ultimate

destruction.

Dred Scott

Dred Scott

TTYN – The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution -----

- Did Taney ignore the basic ideas of each? Specifically, “all men are

created equal.”

He believed that blacks "had no rights which the white man was

bound to respect; and that the negro might justly and lawfully be

reduced to slavery for his benefit. He was bought and sold and

treated as an ordinary article of merchandise and traffic,

whenever profit could be made by it."

Tariff

Nullification

States-Rights

The slavery issue

Act of cancelling

something

Name: ___________________ Period: _____

H i s t o r i c a l I D

To p i c :

H i s t o r i c a l C o n t e x t

Dred Scott

Thursday, June 12th

Tariff

Nullification

States-Rights

•The slavery issue

•Tariff Issues

•Act of cancelling

something

Election of 1860

The Election

of 1860

The straw that broke

the camel’s back

The election of Abraham Lincoln, leader of the Republican Party

brought the quarrel to a head in late 1860. The states of the Deep

South immediately seceded.

The Election of 1860

The Election of 1860

The Presidential Election of 1860 brought the sectional

differences to a head with dramatic consequences.

Lincoln’s election pushed the Deep South toward secession

Why??

Lincoln was unpopular in the South

Perceived hostility towards slavery

The South Secedes

Secession

South Carolina responded to Lincoln’s

election - secedes from Union

on December 20, 1860.

Why Secession?

Southern Economic Interests

Long-range threat to the entire economic and social structure

of the South

High Tariffs

Sectional balance in the Senate…Remember California???

The Confederacy

The Confederacy

February, 1861 – The Confederate States of America is created

The Confederate States of America (also known as the

Confederacy)

Jefferson Davis of Mississippi named as president

Feb. 1861 -Texas, Louisiana, Miss., Alabama, FL, Georgia, and S.C.

April, 1861 – VA, N.C., TN., and Arkansas join

The Civil War - the bloodiest conflict in American history. The war pitted brother

against brother, family against family, and state against state. In less than a

century after the 13 original colonies celebrated their independence, the Civil War

divided the country along deep economic and ideological fault lines.

__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

Economic and Social Differences between the North and the South

State versus federal rights

The Abolition Movement

The Election of 1860

Causes of the Civil War

What I Know

About the Civil War

What I Learned

About the Civil War What I Want to Learn

About the Civil War

K-W-L The Civil War - TTYN