1. matter 2. states of matter 3. physical & chemical properties 4. quantitative vs. qualitative...

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL

PROPERTIES & CHANGES1. Matter

2. States of Matter3. Physical & Chemical Properties4. Quantitative vs. Qualitative Properties5. Physical & Chemical Changes6. Energy

MATTER

Matter

Chemistry Biology

Astronomy

Physics

Earth Sciences

What is Matter?

Matter is any substance that has both mass (collection of particles) and volume (takes up space).

Almost everything around us is matter including air and other gases.

Energy is not matter.

Atoms/Molecules in States of Matter

Solid Liquid Gas

Phases of matter

What does it mean to be solid vs. a liquid or a

gas?

Properties of Threes States

State Atomic/ Molecular Motion

Atomic/ Molecular Spacing

Shape Volume Compressibility

Solid Vibration about fixed pt

Close together

Definite Definite Can’t

Liquid Free to move

Close together

Indefinite Definite A little

Gas Free to move

Far apart Indefinite Indefinite Can

States or Phases of Matter

Deposition

Bill Nye – Phases of Matter

Properties

Properties are the characteristics used to identify a substance.

Examples include, color, taste, smell, dimensions, density, etc.

What are its properties?

Types of Properties

1. Chemical vs. Physical Properties2. Quantitative vs. Qualitative

Properties

These properties are not mutually exclusive. i.e. they can overlap. For instance a physical property can also be a qualitative property.

Chemical & Physical PropertiesThe characteristic is considered a chemical property if it describes the ability to react with another substance and form one or more new substances

Example - Iron rusts. This is a chemical property because the observation of iron rusting causes the metal to change and become rusted and thus a new substance

The characteristic is considered a physical property if it can be observed and/or measured without a new substance being formed.

Example - Freezing point of water. Measuring the temperature of the water doesn’t change it.

Property For Gold

State at room temperature

Solid

Colour Yellow

Density 19.3 g/mL

Melting point 693 ºC

Electrical conductivity Good

Reactivity to acid None

Dissolves in water No

Physical and Chemical Properties of Gold

Physical Properties Chemical Properties

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Properties

They are subgroups of physical properties

1) Qualitative properties are descriptive properties.

Example- The car is red.

2) Quantitative properties are based on a number or measurement.

Example – It is 5°C outside.

Common Physical Properties

• Viscosity• Melting Point• Boiling Point• Solubility• Hardness• Conductivity• Density

• Colour• Odour• State• Texture• Lustre• Malleability

Common Chemical Properties

• Reaction with Acid• Reaction with another substance• Combustibility (reaction with oxygen)

• Ability to rust

Practice with properties

Identify the types of property for the following:

1. Food rots

2. An acid corrodes metal.

3. The weight of a gallon of oil is 7.5 pounds.

Practice with propertiesIdentify the types of property for the following: Food rots

This is a chemical property as a new substance is formed.

Practice with properties

Identify the types of property for the following:

An acid corrodes metal.

This is a chemical property as the acid and metal are destroyed in observing this property.

Practice with propertiesIdentify the types of property for the following:

The weight of a gallon of oil is 7.5 pounds. This is a physical property as the oil is not

changed in making the observation. It is a quantitative property since a measurement

is involved.

A chemical change results in new substance with different properties. A physical change may change the appearance of a substance but most of the properties will remain the same.

Examples

Chemical Physical

Burning wood Sawing wood

Decomposing water Freezing water

Nail rusting Cleaning rust with steel wool

Chemical vs. Physical Change

1. A gas is given off.

2. A color change occurs.

3. A precipitate (solid) is formed.

4. Heat is absorbed or given off.

5. Electrons are transferred.

Also, difficulty in reversing a change hints at a chemical change.

Keep in mind these are only clues that a chemical change may have taken place. Proof still depends on a new substance being formed with new properties.

Chemical Change Clues

EnergyEnergy is not matter, it has no mass and takes up no volume. It is the ability to do work and comes in many different forms including:- Heat- Mechanical – motion, position- Electrical- Sound- Chemical- Nuclear- Electromagnetic

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