1 joseph assan, phd school of natural sciences trinity college dublin dublin, ireland
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Joseph Assan, PhDSchool of Natural
SciencesTrinity College
DublinDublin, Ireland
In 1987 Brundtland report “Our Common Future” defined sustainable development as “development that ‘meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs’ (WCED 1987).
Political economy originally was the term for studying the economics of: production, buying, and selling…
…and their relations with law, custom and government … …as well as with the distribution of national income and wealth through the budget process of the state or international institutions.
(Gregg et al. 2007)
…examines how political forces affect the choice of policies, distributional conflicts and political institutions…
The political-economy literature argues that economics alone cannot fully explain the enormous variance across countries in growth and more generally, in economic outcomes and policy choices…
Political-economy concepts assert that economic policy is the result of political struggle within an institutional structure with state and none state actors..
Source: Alisina, A. and Perotti, R. (1994)
4
Pol
itica
l Eco
nom
y
Economics, Mgt, Business etc
Anthropology & Sociology
Agricultural and rural studies etc.
Multi-disciplinary&
Trans-disciplinary
Technology, info studied
Sus
tain
able
Int
erna
tiona
l D
evel
opm
ent
Politics and LawEnviro
nment, Theology etc
Geography, policy StudiesDev
elop
men
t Stu
dies
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There is mounting evidence that Livelihood Diversification (embracing both farm and non-farm employment) activities have become an important resource for households (Reardon 1995; Reardon et al. 1998).
A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stress and shocks and maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets both now and in the future, while not undermining the natural resource base (Carney 1998).
Financial Capital
NaturalCapital
Social Capital
Physical Capital
Human Capital
The Poor
PoliciesInstitutio
nsProcesses
NS
FP
H
The Poor
VulnerabilityContextShocks
SeasonalityTrends
Changes
influenceLivelihoo
dStrategie
s
Livelihood
Outcomes
Understand the behaviour of state and non-state actors (decentralised government institutions, civil society groups and households)
Identifying the constraints and barriers to sustainable livelihoods diversification, growth within micro economies
Develop policies that will help inform policy makers as to how to reduce inequality
Diversification is a strategy for survival.
A source of insurance against indebtedness and borrowing
The amounts saved are observed to be small
Capital for non-farm activities/consumption
Still do not enjoy income security
Diversification meets basic consumption needs
Majority borrow regularly or occasionally
Policy Implications: Vulnerability to shocks is a dominant
feature of household livelihoods
Negative effect on welfare (income, wealth, health, etc.)
Vulnerability to poverty
Key challenge is maintaining satisfactory confidence on young people in the development dream
Diversification is not able to provide risk-free and assured incomes
The production of new products and/or more output of already existing studied
Most households and end up in financial crisis
Raise some of their credit from friends and family and network groups such as susu groups
Patterns of risk aversion
introduction of new risks
failure to remove existing risks
products encounter the challenge of marketing
prevalence of income
borrow in order to finance their diversified enterprises
Policy implications:
Mechanisms to reduce the uncertainty associated with income generating activities will have welfare enhancing effects
Could be achieved through extending existing formal insurance contracts and avenues
cover weather related risks
…are we on Course??
19Study Synthesis framework
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Thank you.
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