04 fundamentals of ux workshop: information architecture
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INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
Designing the User Experience: THE FUNDAMENTALS
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Created by Christina Wodtke | www.eleganthack.com | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States License.
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The structural design of an information space to facilitate task completion and intuitive access to
content.
Definition
Information Architecture for the World-Wide Web Louis Rosenfeld & Peter Morville
Organizing info so
people can find stuff
>
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PLAY WITH CANDY
Sort into groups. Name groups
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MAKE A HOMEPAGE FOR YOUR CANDY SITE
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4 KINDS OF INFORMATION SEEKING
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You are going to Belize. You want the lonely planet guidebook
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KNOWN ITEMhttp://boxesandarrows.com/four-modes-of-seeking-information-and-how-to-design-for-them/
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What worksSearchA-Z indexNavigation
http://boxesandarrows.com/four-modes-of-seeking-information-and-how-to-design-for-them/
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You want to visit a tropical island. Where should you go?
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EXPLORATORY
http://boxesandarrows.com/four-modes-of-seeking-information-and-how-to-design-for-them/
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What can helpNavigationRelated SearchSearch (with autocomplete, related terms)
http://boxesandarrows.com/four-modes-of-seeking-information-and-how-to-design-for-them/
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Ticket Prices to Belize drop in September and April
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DON’T KNOW WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
http://boxesandarrows.com/four-modes-of-seeking-information-and-how-to-design-for-them/
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What can helpRelated informationRecommendationsPush technologies
http://boxesandarrows.com/four-modes-of-seeking-information-and-how-to-design-for-them/
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You saw a great waterproof camera on amazon, and now realize it’s the one you want to buy. Where did it go?
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REFINDING
http://boxesandarrows.com/four-modes-of-seeking-information-and-how-to-design-for-them/
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What can helpFavoritesPersonalizationVisited link color
http://boxesandarrows.com/four-modes-of-seeking-information-and-how-to-design-for-them/
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RedesignDESIGN FOR TASKS
Find a after dinner mintFind a candies for a upcoming party for a 57 year oldMake users aware some candies are on saleFind again a good choice for that party that you saw earlier
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Classification has Consequences
A physician who doesn’t see a new cureA poor student who can’t find financial aidA store where a product isn’t found
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IA has Solutions
– Tagging with metadata– Organizing with CV’s– Creating navigation
systems – Optimizing search
Information Architecture
manages information to make it findable
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CLASSIFICATION IS CONTEXTUAL
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Benabar n’est pas jazz?
Dewey Decimal System‣ 200-299 – Religion Categories‣ 40+ categories related to Christianity‣ 1 for Judaism‣ 1 for Islam (& related)
Who Cares?‣ Religious Scholars‣ Librarians‣ Information Architects‣ Jews and Muslims
THIS IS A FISH
Who Cares?Hungry Catholics inland in South America on Fridays
‣ Classification reflects social and cultural organization‣ Information Architect must understand this context
Context is King
Get to know your audience…
1. Who are they?
Football Fan
Get to know your audience…
1. Who are they?
Football Fan?
Know your audience…1. Who are they?
2. What do they care about?
Are the Patriots going to make the
playoffs?
Show me photos!
What happened in the last game?
Know your audience…1. Who are they?
2. What do they care about?3. How do they think of the information and content?
Conference, division…
Schedules, standings…
Know your audience…
1. Observe others2. Study Competitors and similar sites3. Review your search logs4. Do a card sort
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Now what?Check your labels. Do they make sense?
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Created by Christina Wodtke | www.eleganthack.com | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States License.
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36Metadata
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Tagging– when it works38
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People can’t be bothered 39
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Pictures of “you”
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41Metadata:
what is it?“metadata is data about data"
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42
Metadata: what is it?“Metadata tags are used to describe documents, pages, images, software, video and audio files, and other content objects for the purposes of improved navigation and retrieval”
‘Information Architecture for the World Wide Web’, 2nd ed., (2002)
Rosenfeld, L. & Morville, P.
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DescriptiveProcuitto
Cheese
Honey
Olivia’s
Tapas
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IntrinsicWhat does the camera
know? What does the
system know?
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Administrative
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46
Not all Metadata is equalWhat are users interested in?What do you want users to be able to find?What metadata makes management easy?
Tag content for findabilityTag content for management
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47
ExerciseCANDYWrite as many descriptive words (or short phrases) on your post-itOne word (or phrase) per post-it
Don’t share– yet! Hold on!
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Add pic of netflix
49
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Controlled vocabularies
Master of your domains
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The French Academy Founded in 1635Multiple dialectsGoal: purify the French languageGoal: unify the nation (ensure that the State and all citizens speak the same language)
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The French Academy today
…but…
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So what?
How will you ensure they continue to do so?
• So what are your goals?• How will you ensure that your users and your
system speak the same language?
When humans and computers interact
I’ve got
music
I want music.
Humans are good at figuring things out
Hip Hop
Rap.Rock.
Dance.
Most of the time 56
Raggamuffin
?
But computers are literal
57
Acidreggae
?
No matches found
And need help 58
AcidReggae?
?
Let’s give them “Reggae” and “Trance”
IA
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59
Thus Controlled vocabularies (CV)Amy Warner defines a controlled vocabulary
(CV) as “organized lists of words and phrases, or notation systems, that are used to initially tag content, and then to find it through navigation or search.”
The IA can’t always be there…
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I define them as
Documented relationships of words and concepts to assist people finding stuff.
Same dif.
Controlled Vocabularies
Simple Complex
SynonymRings
AuthorityFiles
ThesauriClassificationSchemes
Equivalence Hierarchical Associative
(Vocabularies)
(Relationships)
Controlled Vocabulary Types
Controlled vocabularies
A=B AB
A BEquivalenceChristmas=Xmas
HierarchalWinter Holidays > Christmas
Associative Christmas Tree | Santa Claus
Synonym rings• Simplest type• Helps with search, indexing• Simplifies maintenance
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• Acronyms: BBC, British Broadcasting Company; MPG, miles per gallon
• Variant spellings: cancelled, canceled; honor, honour
• Scientific terms versus popular use terms: acetylsalicylic acid, aspirin; lilioceris, lily beetle– From Synonym Rings and Authority Files
by Karl Fast, Fred Leise and Mike Steckel
Synonym rings include
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65
China cap = chinois = strainer
Why Bother? 66
• Sometimes on intranets, CV’s are skipped
• You think you can force people to use proper terms
• But people are lazy
I’m tired of typing “Controlled Vocabulary--- CV is shorter.
Why Bother? 67• On the internet you
want to be found• Plus users use short
queries– Average queries are 2.5
words– 30% of searches are one word queries
• On large scale sites, there is enough data to do this programmatically, but on small sites, not.
I want a cannon camera.
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• Cadillac of Controlled Vocabularies• Includes associative relationships
Preferred term Variants Siblings Parent Associated
Christmas X-mas, Nöel Hanukah, Kwanzaa
Winter holidays Santa Claus
Thesauri
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Associations - crafted
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• Amazon uses buying patterns to determine associations
Associations - Behavioral
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71
AssociationsWhat is relatedWhat is required?What else is interesting?
Relevancy is king
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72
Implementation?Implementation dependent on situation and tools.May be slow painful data entry– know this and prepare.
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73
Is that all?NO!
Life beyond enumerative classification….
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74
Faceted Classification
was developed, prior to the existence of computers, by S. R. Ranganathan, a Hindu mathematician working as a librarian.
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75
Ranganathan’s 5 Facets
• who: personality• what: matter• how: energy• where: space• when: time
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77
Ordinary stuff?
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78
Personals
Faceted classification is often used by PersonasContent is by the users
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79
What’s the difference?
ElectronicsCamera
Digital
Film
PDAs
Televisions
Camera facets
Pixels
Zoom
Price
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MusicEnumerative
Modern
– Rock
• Alternative
– Seattle
– Atlanta
Faceted
Mood
Tempo
Artist
Use
80
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FACETS, ANYONE?Create candy facets for your store
81
Who What
HowWhereWhen
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82
HEADER
This slide was left purposely blank.I can do that, you know.
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83Q&A
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