warm-up: ionic bonds ionic compounds – names & formulas ◦ binary ◦ with roman numerals...

Agenda: 10/23

Warm-up: Ionic Bonds

Ionic Compounds – names & formulas◦ Binary◦ With Roman numerals◦ With 3 or more elements

Covalent Compounds (molecules)

Homework:

Read

Ionic Bonds (Black Study Guide)

Compounds-Stable (do not easily change)

-Most atoms are bonded into compounds

-Separated with chemical reactions

-Usually need high heat or electricity

Ionic CompoundsMetals lose valence electrons

Non-metals gain valence electrons

Ionic bonding occurs when a metal loses 1+ electrons to a non-metal in an effort to attain a stable octet of valence electrons.

Use Electron Dot Diagrams (Lewis diagrams) to show the ionic bonds for one formula unit.

Na Cl = Na⁺¹Cl⁻¹

Ionic Bonding: Transfer of valence electrons

Cl Ca Cl

= Ca Cl

Electron Dot Diagram (Lewis)

Ionic CompoundsNames and Formulas

Inorganic Compounds

Ionic

M & NM

With Roman numer

al

3 or more

elements

Covalent (molecul

es)

NM & NM

Diatomic Molecule

sAcids

Language of chemistry: Standardize system to represent compounds

Inorganic Compounds

Ionic

Binary - representative metals

Formulas

Names

Transition & post

transition metals

Formulas

Names

Polyatomic ions

Formulas

Names

Covalent (molecul

es)

Binary

Formulas

Names

Diatomic molecules

Formulas

Names

Acids

Formulas

Names

Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds: Found in minerals and rocks Granite: rock (combination of minerals)

Halite: NaCl Use as source of table salt

Ionic compounds: rocks & minerals

Al₂O₃Aluminum oxide

Pyrite (Fool’s gold)

Iron sulfide

FeS₂

Used to produce sulfuric acid for the chemical industry

Ionic Compounds - Opposites Attract

Separate cations and anions to bond◦ Use only the single element ions (not the polyatomic

ions) Write the symbol and the charge

Write the new compound formed by combining the ions. Write the formula showing that the charges (oxidation numbers) add up to 0 (cancel out)

Name the compound. Write at least 15 compounds.

◦ Ten should include subscripts.

a. The formula for ionic compounds are determined by the charges (oxidation numbers). The overall charge of the compound must equal 0.

b. The charges are determine by the number of valence electrons that the element loses or gains to reach 8 valence electrons. This is the octet rule that makes the compound stable (does not easily react.)

Ionic Compounds: Names & Formulas

c.Metals always _______ electrons to form a ____ ion.

Non-metals always _______ electrons to form a ______ ion .

Group 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18

Charge=Oxid. #

e. Since Aluminum has a charge (oxidation number) of 3⁺,- It must have __________ chlorine atoms (ions) to make a stable compound.

-It must have __________ nitrogen atoms (ions) to make a stable compound.

-It must have _______ aluminum and ________ oxygen atoms (ions) to make a

stable compound.

Write the correct formula for compounds composed of:

Sodium and bromine

Sodium and sulfur

Sodium and phosphorus

Calcium and bromine

Calcium and sulfur

Calcium and phosphorus

Rules for naming:◦Metals are written first.◦Non-metals change their name to an “-ide” ending.

Prefixes are ________ ___________.

Names for Ionic compounds

Ionic Compounds- Formulas

Salt is a commonly used term for all ionic compounds

Some Ionic Compounds are more complex

Include polyatomic ions

Ionic compounds: Found in minerals and rocks

Barite = BaSO₄Used to make paper & glassSource of barium used For x-rays of the digestivesystem

Ionic compounds: Found in minerals and rocks

Gypsum = CaSO₄· 2H₂O

Used for plaster for walls, ceilings, sculptures

Ionic compounds: Found in minerals and rocks

Calcite = CaCO₃Used in paint,Antacids, calciumSupplement for food

Ionic compound with polyatomic ions

Sodium acetateIn Heat packs

Calcium sulfate in casts

Barium sulfate to absorb x-rays

Acetate uses

Sodium hydrogen carbonate(old name: sodium bicarbonate)

Medical: used in emergency situations to correct pH of blood

Baking soda: to make cakes rise

Bleach

Dentistry: Clean and disinfectRoot canals

Rocket fuels:Source of oxygen

POLYATOMIC IONS

Ions with -1 chargeperbromate BrO4

-

1

bromate BrO3-1

bromite BrO2-1

hypobromite BrO-1

perchlorate ClO4-1

chlorate ClO3-1

chlorite ClO2-1

hypochlorite ClO-

1

periodate IO4-1

iodate IO3-1

iodite IO2-1

hypoiodite IO-1

nitrate NO3-1

nitrite NO2-1

hydroxide OH-1

cyanide CN-1

thiocyanate SCN-

1

acetate C2H3O2-1

Permanganate MnO4

-1

bicarbonate HCO3-

1

Ions with a -2 Charge

carbonate CO3-2

phthalate C8H4O4-

2

sulfate SO4-2

sulfite SO3-2

chromate CrO4-2

dichromate Cr2O7-

2

oxalate C2O4-2

peroxide O2-2

Ions with a -3 Charge

phosphate PO4-3

phosphite PO3-3

arsenate AsO4-3

Ions with +1 chargeammonium ion

NH4+1

Examine the names & formulas: What is the pattern? Do they end in “–ide?”

Compounds vs. Polyatomic Ions

Polyatomic ions that you must know: NAME FORMULA CHARGE

Nitrate

Acetate

Carbonate

Sulfate

Phosphate

Hydroxide

Ammonium

Sodium + nitrate Calcium + nitrate

Formula

Name:

Using polyatomic ions:

Cl¹⁻ CO₃²⁻

OH SO₄²⁻

PO₄³⁻

NO₃¹⁻

Na¹⁺

NH₄¹⁺

Zn²⁺

Co³⁺

Writing Formulas (criss –cross method)

The transition metals are elements in Groups _____ to _______.

+ post transition metals: under the staircase.

Transition metals can have more than one charge.

Use Roman numerals after the name. Roman numbers: I = II = III = IV = V=

Ionic Compounds with Transition Metals

Examples Iron II oxideIron III oxide

Write the formulas for:Copper I oxideCobalt III chlorideNickel II sulfide

Transition metals

Sulfide Sulfate Oxide Carbonate

Mercury II

Iron III

Iron II

Formula Writing Practice

Many transition and post transition metals have multiple oxidation numbers (charges)

Ni: oxidation numbers of _____ & _____ Fe: Find other examples:

Write formulas Write names

Practice: Writing Binary Formulas