الحاسوب و البرمجيات الجاهزة · the main parts of the computer 1- central...
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املهارات األساسية
2010
Course contentSection 1: Information and communication technology
Chapter 1: Hardware
Chapter 2: Software
Chapter 3: Data transfer and computer networks
Chapter 4: Information technology in our daily life
Chapter 5: Security and protection
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Course content
Section 2: Prepackaged software
Chapter 8: Windows 7
Chapter 9: MS-Word 2007
Chapter10: MS-Excel 2007
Chapter12: MS-Power Point 2007
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Section 1: Information & Communication Technology
Chapter 1: Hardware
lecture 1
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Hardware:-
This term refers to the Touchable parts of the computer,
such as keyboard, printer and mouse… etc.
Personal computers:
IBM produced in 1981, the first personal computer which
was one of the most popular type of computer. It was
cheapest price, small in size and high in capacity.
The two types were most famous:
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Personal computers compatible with IBM:
The companies that are not IBM manufacturing computers and made it compatible with the specifications and it uses one of the versions of Microsoft's Windows.
Apple computers:
Which is called Macs, and it uses Mac OS. Which needs
a special versions of software.
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Laptops and Palm Computers:
Laptops Computers:
Personal computer has the same size of
handbag. However, it is the highest price
for the possibility of transfer. There are smaller
computers have the same properties called Notebook.
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Palmtop Computers:A small hand-held computers called
Notepads, its prices are Cheap.
hand-held portable digital devices:
Personal digital Assistant (PDA)
Mobile Phone
Smart Phone
Multimedia Player
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The main parts of the computer
1- Central processing unit (CPU):-
The most important component of the computer and
sometimes called the processor . It is considered one of the
main unit that determines the capacity the computer and it’s
speed, which is measured in MGz or GHz. It has different
and separate units in order to perform various tasks in theCPU, such as :-
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Control Unit:
In charge of the control, supervision, regulation and
coordination among all the other units.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU):
In charge of the arithmetic operations and logical
operations, such as the comparisons that allow the
computer evaluates positions and make a decision.
Registers:
Is a special, high-speed storage locations, store data and
information temporarily to be used by ALU.
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Buses:
It is a collection of micro Cables connecting different
computer units in order to pass and exchange of
information between these units.
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2- Memory:-
Also called the main memory, Where data is stored temporarily and types of main memory are:
Random Access Memory(RAM):
Stores data temporarily and loses it’s contents after switch
off the power.
Read only memory:
Very small memory, stores software for read-only, such as
the Booting up.
BIOS memory:
Contains basic system software for Input / Output in the computer.
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3- Storage Unites
Stores data and programs permanently, and the
most important Hard Disks, Which is the most
widely used, The hard disk is the main disk in the
computer, Which stores the operating system and
application software.
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4- Input DevicesAre used for entering data and command to computer, the most
important the keyboard and the mouse.
5- Output DevicesUse to display data and command-that have been inserted into the
computer, Output could take the form of sound (speakers) and
image (monitor) and these units will be explained in the
subsequent lessons.
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Input/output Ports
Ports:-Ports are the ending points, located behind the system unit and are
used to connect external devices and peripherals with the computer.
There are several types of ports, such as :-
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Serial ports
Parallel ports
Network ports
FireWire ports
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Computer Performance
Factors effecting Computer Performance:Performance of the computer means the CPU speed to
completion of the instructions or the work required, Thisspeed is determined by several factors, including:
Clock Speed frequency:
An essential component is directly connected to the
processor and controls on the work speed of the
processor, If clock speed increase, the number of
instructions executed by the CPU will increase, which
measured by MGz.
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Random Access Memory (RAM)Size:If the RAM capacity increased it will increase the speed
of the computer and we notes change of the speed of the computer when we add additional memory.
Hard Disk speed:The speed of hard disk determine through the time access
to data, which is measured in milliseconds, If the access time decrease, that will increase the speed of data storage on disk or retrieve it.
Hard Disk space:Must be a sufficient free space available on the hard disk, otherwise the computer will be slow.
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Defragment files:
Advised to Defragment to arrange the files and programs on
your computer to provide additional space on your hard disk.
CPU Speed:
The most important component of the computer and
sometimes called the processor . It is considered one of the
main units that determine the capacity of the computer and
its speed; Which is measured by MGz or GHz, and if the
processor speed have increased that will increase the speed
of the computer as we mentioned.
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Number of Running Applications:
Which Running multiple applications at once called
multitasking, If the number of active applications at the
same time increase that will reduce the performance of
the computer, because it requires a larger memory
consuming.
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