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Solar Thermal ApplicationsCMX-CIPHEX 2012 Learning Forum

22nd March 2012

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Presentation by Bob Swartman

Index• Solar energy- PV and S/T

• Parameters- hot water load, measure, radiation

• Sarnia CCC solar system

• Simulation programs

• Flow strategy - closed loop, drainback

• Solar collector efficiency- ETC vs FPC

• Cross-section of flat-plate collector• Cross-section of flat-plate collector

• Adapting design to location- rack design

• Heat exchanger, tanks, pumps, controllers

• Solar products in Canada

• Installation- lifting

• Swimming pool heating

• Solar water heating

• Insulation and jacketing

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Index• Safety concerns

• Commissioning the system

• Monitoring the system

• Certification for solar installers- CanSIA and NABCEP

• Permits- building and plumbing

• Government incentives

• Solar PV and water heating in Tobermory, ON• Solar PV and water heating in Tobermory, ON

• Combined solar space and water heating

• Parkway Apartment Building in Owen Sound, ON

• Rockwood Terrace Nursing Home in Durham, ON

• Sixplex solar project in Windsor, ON

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Solar energy includes two technologies-

photovoltaics and thermal

Photovoltaics is electricity from the sun.

Solar thermal is heat from the sun.

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Parameters for design of a

solar hot water system

• hot water load

-measured volume per day by

flowmeter

-estimate from ASHRAE for -estimate from ASHRAE for

application

• radiation and location

-watts/m2 (max 1,000 w/m2)

• azimuth and tilt of collectors

-azimuth = angle from south

-tilt = angle from horizontal 5

A typical residential solar

water heating package

comprises: one or more

collectors, a storage tank

(to match the collector area

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(to match the collector area

and the load) a pump and a

controller.

Sarnia Child Care Centre

con

Solar

collectors

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Storage

tanks

Controller, pumps, heat

exchanger and expansion

tank

Simulation

• using RETScreen

- uses solar radiation and average temperature

on a monthly basison a monthly basis

• HW load, rack azimuth and tilt

• storage volume to collector area

- 100 litres to match a 4 x 8 collector

• using TRYNYS

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Flow strategy

• closed loop- requires expansion tank

• drainback- requires high head pump

• thermosiphon- seasonal use only

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Solar

collector

efficiency comparing an

unglazed plastic pool unglazed plastic pool

panel, a flat plate

collector and an

evacuated tube

collector

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Solar

collector

efficiency Evacuated Tube

Collector vs Flat Plate

Collector

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Cross section of flat-plate solar collectortempered low-iron class on aluminum box with isocyanurate

insulation, selective coating on copper absorber fins

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Adapting design to locationrack design

flush mount

inclined mount

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rack design

ballasted on the roof

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steel or aluminum

Heat exchanger

shell-in-tube

brazed flat plate

coil of stainless steel

coil of copper

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Heat exchanger

Solar water heating with external heat exchanger

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Heat exchanger and circulators in

Rockwood Terrace mechanical room

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Two 400 gallon solar tanks and a 300 gallon hot

water storage tank at Rockwood Terrace, Durham, ON

Heat exchanger

Solar water heating with internal heat exchanger

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Tanks

• stainless steel

• enamel coated• enamel coated

• glass-lined

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Pumps

• circulators- low head and high flow

• pumps- low flow

and high headand high head

• DC pumps

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Controllers

differential temperature controllers-compare temperature of solar collector to water temperature

• 10k thermistor sensors :

GoldlineGoldline

• 1k Pt resistance sensors:

Resol

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Goldline solar controller and energy meter

at Landmark Condominium, Kingston, ON

Solar products in Canada

• ThermoDynamics

• Enerworks

• Solcan• Solcan

• Viessmann

• KBB

• Others?

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Lifting

Lifting rack materials, pipe and collectors to

roof

-manhandle or crane-manhandle or crane

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Installing

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Swimming pool heating

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Solar water heating

Installation at Five Oaks, United

Church of Canada Retreat Centre

near Paris, ON

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System comprises five flat-plate

solar collectors secured to wall and

sitting on roof as shown.

Solar water heating

20 panels on condominium

apartment building, Kingston, ON

40 panels on apartment building on

Nelson St., London, ON

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30

Solcan 2101 Collectors (back view) on the roof

of World Salon, Adelaide St., Toronto

PV and solar thermal panels

Two banks of 14 PV panels and one bank of 4

thermal panels installed on Visitors’ Centre at

Parks Canada in Tobermory, ON 31

Insulation and jacketing

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Safety concerns

• Fall arrest training

• Safe worksites• Safe worksites

• Harnesses and safety lines

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Commissioning the system

• temperature rise

• balancing the flow• balancing the flow

• pumps running OK

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Monitoring the system

Heat = flow x (Tin – Tout) x specific heat

Heat = Flow measurement x temperature rise

Sun reports (kit shown)

download to iphone download to iphone

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Certification for solar installers

• CanSIA- Canadian Solar Industries Association

• NABCEP- North American Board of Certified Energy • NABCEP- North American Board of Certified Energy

Practitioners

• CSA- Canadian Standards Association

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Permits

• Building- may require letter from P Eng. for

building permit; cost from $70 to $1,000 ….

• Plumbing permit may not be required.

System may require vacuum breakers.

Some inspectors require backflow

preventers and double wall heat exchangers.

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Government incentives

• ecoEnergy for Retroft: for residential

applications including single family

dwellings and multi-unit residential units

(MURBs) approx $625 per panel- until end

of March 2012.of March 2012.

• save ON energy from OPA through LDCs

for displacement of electricity = approx

$865 per panel on buildings in Ontario.

• new incentive through microFIT.

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Solar hot water feeding conventional

hot water tank with summer bypass

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Combined solar hot water and

space heating

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System installed near

Goderich, ON.

Combined solar hot water

and space heating

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Combined solar hot water

and space heating

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System installed on Pelee Island in Lake Erie

Strategies for space and water heating

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Combining solar with a heat pump

• Typical European solar/heat pump combo

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Parkway Apartments, Owen Sound, ON

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Rockwood Terrace Nursing Home in Durham, ON

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Rockwood Terrace Nursing Home in Durham, ON near Owen Sound has 100

residents and substantial needs for hot water for laundry, bathing the residents,

washing dishes and general usage, totaling about 12,000 litres per day. There are

30 Solcan flat-plate solar collectors mounted on racks on the roof supplying heat

through a heat exchanger to the 3,000 litres of solar storage. The measured

energy output is 183 GJ per year which is 42% of the load.

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Heat exchanger and circulators in

Rockwood Terrace NH mechanical room

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Solar hot water storage tanks in

Rockwood Terrace mechanical room

Project was part of modernizing and

upgrade of existing buildings owned

by Windsor and Essex County

Housing Authority.

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Solar hot water storage tank in

sixplex mechanical room

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Conventional hot water tanks are on a re-circulation loop.

Pro temp controls

Reduces your energy costs

by 25% or more

Automatically regulates

water temperature

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water temperature

For domestic hot water or

hydronic space heating

systems

ROI can be measured in

weeks

Pro temp controls

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Energy use before and after Pro temp installation

Thanks for your attention!

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