__________ practice _________ vs _________ goal? obtain as much gold/wealth as possible

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a. __________ Practice

b. _________ vs _________

c. Goal?– Obtain as much

gold/wealth as possibleHow do you do it?• Mine for Gold…• Beat other countries in

trade…• Imperialism…

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• 4 countries • What do you

want to accomplish?– More Exports– Less Imports– You make $$$

as a country– Still around

today?• GDP?• Trade

Surplus/Deficit?

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a. Passed by Parliament from 1651 to 1680sb. What did they say?

– Colonies could sell certain products only to GB…– If colonists do sell to other countries, colonists had

to pay DUTY (tax) to GB

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c. Tensions Cont…– James II does

in 1685• Why do it?• Why there?

d. Glorious Rev in 1688– MEH Impact

• James II• William & Mary

– Biggest Impact on the colonies?

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a. From 1688 to the mid-1700s, GB used this political policy towards the colonies

b. In theory, who was supposed to rule each colony more?

c. In reality, what did?– Saw

themselves as mini-Parliaments!

SalutaryNeglect

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• Colonists were “loyal” to GB…no need for force– Neglect got things done

better than strict enforcement

– Parents and their “good children”

• GB Merchant$ = – told Parliament “hands off”

• Bureaucratic issues on how to rule the colonies

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• You are given a lot of self-autonomy…what would be the effects…

• What were those quotes last week?– “Wow…”

• Taste for self-government

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• What if the self-autonomous child’s parents have money problems?

• After having very few rules to follow, what if she is given some new ones?

• What if some old rules are actually being enforced now?

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• How does Salutary Neglect in the early 1700s connect with Revolution and the Spirit of 1776?

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• French–

• British–

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• What is the plan?• What was it based on?

• Why was it rejected?• Why is it important?

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• Take French fort one after another

• Push French North to Canada to…

• Take Quebec in 1759

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• Between GB, France and Spain

• Map of North America before the French & Indian War

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• Map of North America after F&I War

• What do you see?

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• France = • We will/must get REVENGE!!

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• GB felt colonists didn’t fight well (that’s not what we thought )

• GB felt colonists didn’t give much $$$ contribution to war

• GB felt colonists were sneaky…– Traded with French during

the war (parents analogy)

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• Why be worried?– Friction

between…– Who is

taking/losing power in the colonies?

• GB army = overrated

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• Can’t rule colonies so casually anymore…– no more following this

policy…• Will this be easy to do

to the colonists?

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• Needs $$$ from all of these wars

• Who is resisting taxes after the F&I War? (why?)

• Where do you go for $$$ now?

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• Do Now Sheet not needed

• Read George Grenville’s Speech

• Evaluate the message of the speech

• Analyze Grenville’s speech from the Point of View of– Great Britain– Colonists

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• King George III – Wanted to increase

his power (especially w/ Parliament)

– Psychologically and Intellectually unfit to rule (mental illness)

– Immature & insecure

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• British Prime Ministers = – George Grenville = …– Charles Watson-Wentworth– Pitt the Elder!!! = Ill…distant…apathetic? No control over his

Cabinet led to Exchequer Charles Townshend’s mistake– Augustus FitzRoy– Frederick North = Tory (no sympathy) and harsh

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• Every person (or country) has their breaking point...

• From 1763………………….…to 1775, tension between “Americans” & the British government escalates, until our breaking point hits!!!!!!

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An English worker made about £40 versus the colonist who made about £60 for the same job. Colonial merchants made £180.

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• Sugar Act, why make it if you are GB? Someone is

• Sugar Act story– Colonists getting

molasses/sugar from 2 different islands• British = $$$$$$$$• Foreign = $$$$$$$$$$$

– Who were the colonists going to?• Foreign…why?

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• Lower the Duty on _________ sugar companies…– Then what happens?

• British = $$$$$$$$• Foreign = $$$$$$$$$$$

– Then what will colonial consumers buy?• British Sugar• Who is now…

– What else must GB do?

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• Enforce those Navigation Acts you made long ago• What econ policy is GB following with these 2 acts

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• Sugar Act? –Eh…It wasn’t a

tax…no prices were increased

• Navigation act?–Who is mad?

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• What is it? • Why do it?

(think of GB’s POV)

• Reaction??

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• What was it?• Why do it?

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• Virginia House of Burgesses complains to GB– Led by Patrick Henry

• Stamp Act Congress meets in NY in October 1765– petitioned King & Parliament– What did they write?

• We are still loyal to GB…but…• “No Taxation without

Representation…”• Who can/should tax the

colonists?– Combo Rule

• Condemned the Stamp & Sugar Acts as unconstitutional… hmm

• What plan looks good now?

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On Reflection it now seems probable, that if the foregoing Plan or some thing like it, had been adopted and carried into Execution, the subsequent Separation of the Colonies from the Mother Country might not so soon have happened, nor the Mischiefs suffered on both sides have occurred, perhaps during another Century. For the Colonies, if so united, would have really been, as they then thought themselves, sufficient to their own Defence, and being trusted with it, as by the Plan, an Army from Britain, for that purpose would have been unnecessary: The Pretences for framing the Stamp-Act would then not have existed, nor the other Projects for drawing a Revenue from America to Britain by Acts of Parliament, which were the Cause of the Breach, and attended with such terrible Expence ofBlood and Treasure: so that thedifferent Parts of the Empire mightstill have remained in Peace andUnion. But the Fate of this Planwas singular…it was totallyrejected.

-Feb. 9, 1789. Dr. Franklin.

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• East Coast riots in 1765• Sons of Liberty

– attacked stamp agents and burned stamps• sale of stamps halts after

the riots

– major riots in Boston– destroyed Lt. Gov

Thomas Hutchinson’s house

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• Colonists hurt GB’s economy!– Many stopped buying British

goods (AKA)– Intimidation was used by

Sons of Liberty• Who got hurt?

– asked Parliament to repeal Stamp Act

– While England’s gov made $$$, England’s merchants lost $$$

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• March 1766, Stamp Act repealed (Grenville OUT)– English mad that Parliament

backed off the colonists• GB concurrently passed #9

– GB: Parliament rules the colonies just like it rules England and can make laws on the colonists

• Did colonists care – Not really…too busy

celebrating

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• Colonists have hated for years and defy it more and more…but which colonies & how?– MA & NY

assemblies voted to not give supplies to troops (can they?)

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• PM Pitt was ????, so Charles Townshend ran things more

• Townsend Acts passed in 1767 (5 acts)– Disbands NY Assembly– New taxes on goods

coming from GB• Lead, paint, paper, tea

• Response by colonists?– Anger…why?

• Colonists are being taxed without consent of...

– How can they make a difference? (hmmm)

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• Boycott the goods from GB again

• Americans made own goods/cloth– Fashion Trend

• Boycott started by what colony?– MA Assembly– Will other

colonial assemblies back them up?

• What changes do we see

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• Who does GB crack down on?– MA (Boston)– Many more

Redcoats occupy the city

– Crackdown on smuggling works well

• What is next?

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• More Redcoats in Boston = increased tension

• Redcoats don’t get paid well…– Fights on the docks between

two sides days earlier• March 5, 1770

– Who started it?– British protect customs house– Redcoats hit with snowballs,

ice, rocks– Redcoats fire into crowd– 5 killed

• Why is this a big deal?

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• 5 Victims = – For what?

• Paul Revere engraving is popular…does what?

• What happens to the guilty Redcoats?– This guy defends them

• How do you think he is viewed?– Soldiers only charged with

manslaughter (go back home)

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• Townshend has been dead since 1767• New PM Lord North repeals all of the Townshend Acts

except the Tea Tax

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• Sam Adams– Politician, Publicist, Brewer,

Distant Cousin of John Adams– Vocal (and…) critic of British

policy GB = USA = • Helps form the long-term

MA “Committee(s) of Correspondence” in 1772– coordinate resistance– Most colonies join up by 1774– becomes a network to keep

the spirit of dissent alive– Shadow govs that had more

power than colonial legislatures by 1774!!

– To Be Continued!!

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• Who did it help? (déjà vu of Sugar Act)– British East India Company

makes a monopoly– Their tea would be cheapest

• Who did it hurt?– American tea merchants

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• Colonists boycott tea first• Tried to refuse the

company’s ships to dock• Boston Tea Party...

Dec 16, 1773

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What is the big deal here?

Quebec Act brings up an old fear of the colonists

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• Committees of Corr. meet up at the First Continental Congress– held Sept 5, 1774

• Who shows?– 56 delegates– Most Big Names – No GA delegates

• A few resolutions are made1. Continue boycott2. Each colony make militias…3. Send a letter to the King 4. Meet again in one year

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• The foundation of English liberty, and of all free government, is a right in the people to participate in their legislative council: and as the English colonists are not represented, and from their local and other circumstances, cannot properly be represented in the British parliament, they are entitled to a free and exclusive power of legislation in their several provincial legislatures, where their right of representation can alone be preserved, in all cases of taxation and internal polity, subject only to the negative of their sovereign, in such manner as has been heretofore used and accustomed:

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• But, from the necessity of the case, and a regard to the mutual interest of both countries, we cheerfully consent to the operation of such acts of the British parliament, as are (in good faith), restrained to the regulation of our external commerce, for the purpose of securing the commercial advantages of the whole empire to the mother country, and the commercial benefits of its respective members; excluding every idea of taxation internal or external, for raising a revenue on the subjects, in America, without their consent.”

b. What do the members of the First Continental Congress want? What is the tone of the passage?

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• Parliament tried to accommodate!!– tried to remove

some laws– Changes not good

enough for the 1st CC

– By this time, the conflict became more than words anyway…

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• Says…–New England is

in a state of rebellion

–“Blows must decide”

• What next?

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