napoleon- the military genius who became ruler of france. napoleonic code- a system of laws for...

Vocabulary

Napoleon- The military genius who became ruler of France.

Napoleonic Code- A system of laws for France created by Napoleon that promoted order & authority over individual rights.

EQ: WHAT EVENTS CAUSED THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEAN?

Warm-Up

What governments were adopted by France during the Revolution?

NAPOLEON

Military Hero

Born on the island of Corsica Family were minor nobles

When he was 20 years old, he became a lieutenant in the army1. Military successes 1793, drove British

forces out of the Port of Toulon

2. Led expedition to Egypt Disaster However, important

discovery made-Rosetta Stone

Napoleon overthrows the Directory

1799, Directory is corrupt and a failure Napoleon sets up 3 man

governing board, The Consulate

New Constitution is created

Napoleon names himself 1st Consul 1802 becomes consul

for life 1804 he became so

powerful he declared himself emperor

Each step in his rise to power was legitimate Napoleon held

plebiscites Ballots which voters

say yes or no on an issue

He was always strongly supported!

Napoleon’s Rule

Stability and Order Regulated the economy,

controlled prices, encouraged new industry, built roads

Public schools Concordat of 1801

Made peace with Roman Catholic Church

Allows religious freedom but Church still under state control

Encouraged emigres to return to France

Allowed peasants to retain land purchased from Church and nobles during Revolution

Napoleonic Code

New Law Code Embodied

Enlightenment principles Equality before the law Religious toleration Advancement based on

merit He also undid reforms

of the Revolution Women lost many of the

rights they gained Considered minors

before the law

Creates the Grand Empire

1804-1814 Annexed the Netherlands,

Belgium, and parts of Italy and Germany

He placed friends and relatives on the thrones of Europe Placed his brother on the

throne of Spain Divorced his wife to

marry a Hapsburg princess Allowed him to claim kinship

to the ancient ruling families of Europe

France vs. Britain

Britain was their main enemy Napoleon wanted to

invade England 1805, French fleet was

destroyed at the Battle of Trafalgar

Napoleon instead wages an economic war through the Continental System Closed European ports to

British goods Britain responds with

blockade of European ports

Failed to destroy Britain and hurts French economy

Peninsular War 1808-1814

Portugal defies Continental System

Napoleon takes his army through Spain and removes the Spanish King in favor of his brother Joseph

Spanish Guerilla fighters cause massive French losses- 300,000

Downfall of Napoleon

Tsar Alexander I resigns from Continental system Napoleon responds

by invading with 600,000 soldiers from France and other European countries

Disaster

To avoid Napoleon’s army, Russia retreats east and used “Scorched Earth Policy” Burned villages and

crops as they went Policy left Napoleon’s

army hungry and cold

Famine, snow and ice defeat Napoleon

Napoleon retreats Less than 100,000 of

600,000 survived Russia, Britain, Austria,

and Prussia defeat Napoleon

Napoleon’s reputation is shattered

Napoleon is forced to abdicate his thrown He is exiled to the island

of Elba Louis XVIII, brother of

Louis XVI, is made King

Napoleon Returns

Napoleon escapes from Elba and returns to France

Louis XVIII runs away

March 1815 Napoleon becomes Emperor

Waterloo

Defeated after only 100 days Duke of Wellington

crushes the French in the Battle of Waterloo

Napoleon is exiled once again, this time to St. Helena, never to return

Congress of Vienna

September 1814-June 1815

Important players: Prince Metternich

of Austria Czar Alexander I of

Russia Lord Castlereagh of

Britain

Goals of Vienna

Create a long lasting Peace

Restore the balance of Power to Europe

Restore the ruling families that were in power before French Revolution

No one nation should be strong enough the threaten the security of the other

GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

EQ: WHAT EVENTS CAUSED THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEAN?

Reflection

What were 3 blunders that led to Napoleon’s downfall?

How was Russia able to defeat Napoleon? What was the goal of the Congress of

Vienna?