+ leisure activities chapters 10- 18 alison gensmer
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Leisure Activities
Chapters 10- 18
Alison Gensmer
+Chapters 10-12
+Key Terms
The Age of the Common Man - the period that American writers and painters found the national themes that allowed them to produce the first distinctly American art and literature
Philadelphia’s American Philosophical Society - founded by Benjamin Franklin in 1743 this society would nurture American art and literature
Boston Athenaeum (1807) - the Boston Athenaeum was a gentlemen’s reading room that contained “the works of learning and science in all languages.”
Leatherstocking Novels - James Fenimore Cooper published these novels including The Last of the Mohicans in 1826
The Sketch Book- In 1819 Washington Irving published this book that brought us Rip Van Winkle and the Headless Horseman
+Leisure Activities
Mark Twain drew inspiration from the Mississippi River in “Old Times on the Mississippi”
The age of the Common Man would be the period that American writers and painters found the national themes that allowed them to produce the first distinctly American art and literature
The transportation revolution improved communication
This would cause the number of newspapers, magazines, and books increase greatly
This increase helped to broaden people’s horizons past their own community
In 1826 a press revolution occurred when the first steam-powered press was installed in the country
bible production increased to 300,000
religious tracts and pamphlets increased to 6 million
newspaper numbers went from 376 (in 1810) to 1,200 (in 1835)
most newspapers were published by political parties
Literature
+Leisure Activities
newspapers were packed with articles that would now be called libelous and scandalous but were very entertaining and popular to read
Western readers enjoyed the tall tales of Davey Crockett in the Crockett almanacs
religious readings were most common across the country
sentimental novels and magazines were very popular with women
Philadelphia’s American Philosophical Society was founded by Benjamin Franklin in 1743
This society would nurture American art and literature
Boston was second after Philadelphia as it founded the Massachusetts General Hospital (1811) and the Boston Athenaeum (1807)
the Boston Athenaeum was a gentlemen’s reading room which contained “the works of learning and science in all languages.”
The North American Review was published in Boston and emerged as America’s important and long-lasting intellectual magazine
The Review was devoted to keeping its readers in touch with European intellectual developments
Literature (continued)
+Leisure Activities
Charleston founded a Literary and Philosophical Society in 1814 but because the south was so spread out it was very difficult to sustain
the south willingly ceded cultural leadership to the north
In 1819 Washington Irving published The Sketch Book that brought us Rip Van Winkle and the Headless Horseman
James Fenimore Cooper published his Leatherstocking Novels including The Last of the Mohicans in 1826
Literature (continued)
+Leisure Activities
Thomas Cole, who came from England 1818, was inspired by the American landscape
he painted landscapes of New York States Catskill and the Adirondack mountains
his paintings reflect the British romantic school of landscape painting
he founded the Hudson River school of American painting
the school had a nationalistic style and subject matter
Western painters drew on the dramatic western landscape and ts people
George Catlin was one of these western painters
he spent eight years with the Indians so that he could portray them in his paintings before they disappeared
John James Audubon was famous for his striking and sometimes grotesque etching of birds
sometimes he couldn’t even find a publisher they were so grotesque
Art
+Leisure Activities
There was a famous song about the Erie Canal which was built in New York and caused merchants of America want to stay in New York instead of in Europe
In 1844 Samuel F. B. Morse sent his first message from Washington to Baltimore via the telegraph
Everyone’s horizon and sense of community was widened because of the telegraph
in rural areas, money rarely exchanged hands as people would pay for a hand crafted item with a certain task
Apprenticeships were common
Men and women would learn to do certain tasks but a formal apprenticeship was only for men
There was no clear separation between work and leisure
preindustrial work had a freedom that factory work did not
the workers didn’t need t get used to the long hours because they were already accustomed to it
however before, workers were sometimes allowed to take a few hours of to go pick berries or something like that, but now they were expected to have a straight 12 hour work day
+Notable People
James Fenimore Cooper - writer especially famous for his Leatherstocking Novels including The Last of the Mohicans in 1826
Samuel F. B. Morse -invented the telegraph; sent his first message from Washington to Baltimore via the telegraph in 1844
Thomas Cole - famous for paintings of landscapes which reflected the British romantic school of landscape painting; he founded the Hudson River school of American painting which had a nationalistic style and subject matter
+
Q. & A.
+
1. Who wrote “Old Time on the Mississippi”?
a) Mark Twainb) James Fenimore Cooper c) Rip Van Winkle
+AMark Twain wrote “Old Time on the Mississippi.”
+
2. The transportation revolution improved which of the following?
a) Transportation b) Communication c) Both a and b
+CThe transportation revolution improved both transportation and communication.
+3. Who founded Philadelphia’s American Philosophical Society?
a) James Madison b) Benjamin Franklinc) Thomas Jefferson
+BBenjamin Franklin founded Philadelphia’s American Philosophical Society.
+
4. What was founded in Boston in 1811?
a) The Boston Athenaeum b) Massachusetts General
Hospital c) both a and b
+BThe Massachusetts General Hospital was founded in Boston in 1811.
+
5. What magazine was published in Boston and emerged as America’s most important and long-lasting intellectual magazine?
a) The North American Reviewb) The New York Timesc) The Bostonian Tribune
+AThe North American Review was published in Boston and emerged as America’s most important and long-lasting intellectual magazine.
+
6. What southern City founded a Literary and Philosophical Society in 1814?
a) Savannahb) Richmond c) Charleston
+CCharleston founded a Literary and Philosophical Society in 1814.
+
7. Rip Van Winkle and the Headless Horseman were featured in what book?
a) The Sketch Bookb) TheLeatherstocking Novels c) The Last of the Mohicans
+ARip Van Winkle and the Headless Horseman were featured in The Sketch Book.
+8. Who wrote The Sketch Book ?
a) Washington Irving b) James Fenimore Cooper c) Thomas Paine
+AWashington Irving wrote The Sketch Book.
+9. Who spent eight years with Indians so that he could properly portray them in his paintings?
a) John James Audubon b) George Catlin c) Thomas Cole
+BGeorge Catlin spent eight years with Indians so that he could properly portray them in his paintings.
+10. What did Samuel F. B. Morse invent ?
a) The telephoneb) The television c) The telegraph
+Cdid Samuel F. B. Morse invented the telegraph.
+Chapters 13-15
+Key Terms
Callithumpian band – gangs of young workers from the lower class who took over the New Year’s Eve “frolic” tradition in New York City
Blackface Minstrel Show – a show in which white men blackened their faces and entertain their audiences with songs, dances, theatrical skits, and anti-black political jokes
Bowery – a New York City street known to display the new working class culture
“Penny Papers” – the papers that were very popular because they only cost penny and they focused on scandal
Tejanos – Spanish-speaking residents of Texas
+Leisure Activities
New pressures in the workforce caused a change in working-class amusements
Leisure time now became rougher and rowdier
Taverns were used as neighborhood centers of drinking and socializing
Often times taverns also became centers for brawls and riots
Community groups (such as fire engine groups) had changed to become very similar to gangs who had to defend their territory from any other gangs
The butcher among other trades was often known to start fights in taverns
New York City had had a long a tradition of a New Year’s Eve “frolic” where laborers, apprentices, and other members of the lower class would parade through the streets with drums, trumpets, whistles, and other noisemakers
Changing Amusement
+Leisure Activities
By the 1820’s this tradition had been taken over by gangs of young workers from the lower class
They called themselves the Callithumpian band
In 1828 the band, which contained 4000, marched through the city overturning carts, breaking windows, and obstructing traffic
The watchmen who were supposed to disperse the gathering decided not to
The following year the New Year’s Eve parade was not allowed by the city government
Changing Amusement (continued)
+Leisure Activities
Theaters even became a seen of violence
They were attended by all social classes
The only women that attended these theaters were prostitutes
There was a long-standing tradition of poorer patrons starting a small riot about an unpopular actor which could then grow to become very violent
The Astor Place Riot of 1849 was one of these riots
It started out as a theater riot against a British actor and ended up being a battle between the mob and the militia which ended in the death of 22 people
Theaters
+Leisure Activities
By the 1830’s upper- and middle-class men were no longer drawn to these theaters and began attending a much more respectable theater
They could bring their wives and daughters to this theater
There was new amusement in theaters like the Lafayette Circus that had dancing girls, horseback riders, and theatrical acts
A show similar to this was the Blackface Minstrel Show
In this show white actors, who were often Irish, would blacken their faces and entertain their audiences with songs, dances, theatrical skits, and anti-black political jokes
Zip Coon and Jim Crow, two slaves that were known for being irresponsible and slow-witted respectively, were both featured in some cruel stereotypical jokes to entertain the white audiences
Theaters (continued)
+Leisure Activities
Bowery was a New York City street known to display the new working class culture
It was filled with artisanal workshops, small factories, shops with cheap goods, dance halls, theaters, ice cream parlors, and oyster bars
On Bowery the working-class youth found Saturday night amusement as well as providing it for themselves with outrageous clothing and behavior
They deliberately dressed more provocatively was there way of thumbing their noses at more respectable classes
Even a long-running series of melodramas by the Bowery Theater included costumes that imitated this style
Mose, the hero of the series, dressed more like a pirate and Lise, the leading lady, wore clothing which was body-hugging and brightly colored
Bowery
+Leisure Activities
The “penny papers” such as the New York Morning Post and the New York Sun became very popular
they got their name because they only costed a penny
they focused on scandals with titles like “Double Suicide,” “Secret Tryst,” and “Bloody Murder,”
A magazine called the Police Gazette had the same types of subjects
Franklin Evans and The Inebriate were two dime novels written in 1842 by Walter Whitman
In 1855 he wrote Leaves of Grass which was a book of free verse poetry that included frank language making it just as scandalous as his novels
Literature
+Leisure Activities
Edgar Alan Poe was also famous for writing scandalous literature, but his was done in a much more sinister way
Two of his gothic horror stories are “The Murders in the Rue Morge” (1841) and “The Mystery of Marie Roget” (1842)
A decade after the “penny papers” began, the “penny press” had a lot of experience reporting urban crime and scandals
It realized that Americans were so interested in reading about scandal that this type of reading became more popular than the opinions of politicians
for the first time it was the things written by American journalists that shaped the way people felt about war, not the politicians voice
Literature (continued)
+Leisure Activities
The Tejano residents of Texas had their own customs
These included multiday celebrations that mixed religious ceremonies, feasting, horse racing, and elaborate fandangos (dances)
After the twin victories at Veracruz and Buena Vista, New York City celebrated with fireworks, illuminations, and a “grand Procession” which included around 400,000 people
+Notable People
Walter Whitman –writer especially famous for writing about scandal trough novels and even poetry books
Edgar Alan Poe – author famous for writing scandalous literature done in a much more sinister way than Whitman
+
Q. & A.
+
1. What caused a change in working-class amusements?
a) A change in the workforceb) A drop in the economy c) The introduction of new ideas by immigrants
+AA change in the workforce caused a change in working-class amusements.
+2. What common neighborhood location often became the site of brawls and riots?
a) Tavernsb) librariesc) both a and b
+ATaverns often became the site of brawls and riots.
+3. During what decade was the New Year’s Eve “frolic” of NYC taken over by gangs?
a) 1840’sb) 1830’sc) 1820’s
+CDuring the 1820’s the New Year’s Eve “frolic” of NYC was taken over by gangs.
+
4. The Lafayette Circus had what kinds of entertainment in it?
a) dancing girlsb) horseback ridersc) both a and b
+CThe Lafayette Circus entertainment included dancing girls and horseback riders.
+
5. Why did the working-class youth dress more provocatively than normal on Bowery ?
a) To make a fashion statement b) As a way of thumbing their noses at more respectable classes
c) To attract more attention
+
BThe working-class youth dressed more provocatively than normal on Bowery as a way of thumbing their noses at more respectable classes.
+6. What slave was featured in some cruel stereotypical jokes to entertain the white audiences of the Blackfaced Minstrel Show?
a) Jim Crow b) Zip Coon c) Both a and b
+CJim Crow and Zip Coon were both featured in some cruel stereotypical jokes to entertain the white audiences of the Blackfaced Minstrel Show.
+7. Franklin Evans and The Inebriate were two dime novels written in 1842 by who?
a) Walter Whitmanb) Henry Fordc) Edgar Allen Poe
+AFranklin Evans and The Inebriate were two dime novels written in by Walter Whitman 1842.
+8. After the twin victories at Veracruz and Buena Vista, what did New York City celebrate with?
a) Fireworks b) A Grand Procession c) Both a and b
+
CAfter the twin victories at Veracruz and Buena Vista, New York City celebrated with both Fireworks and a Grand Procession.
+9. What are fandangos?
a) Dances done by the British
b) Dances done by the Tejanosc) Dances done by the Indians
+BFandangos were dances done by the Tejanos.
+
10. Who were Mose and Lise?a) A famous couple of bank
robbers b) Two characters in a series of melodramas by the Bowery Theater c) both a and b
+BMose and Lise were two characters in a series of melodramas by the Bowery Theater.
+Chapters 16-18
+Key Terms
Nature Reserves tracts of land that were set aside by the federal government
Lynching – killing often by hanging for some occurrence without a trial
Relief organizations – system of relief often organized by a community to send supplies and to keep in touch with the men they sent to war
Patriotism – vigorously supporting one’s country; this caused many men to join the army although they had no idea what they were getting into
Bull Run – the battle which the north thought would be the only battle of the war; many northerners went to watch this battle
+Leisure Activities
when the civil war began, so many men joined because of what they thought war would be
the soldiers had entered war with unrealistic, even romantic ideas about warfare
when these men were sent off there were ceremonies with bands, bonfires, and belligerent oratory
the war inspired strong feelings of patriotism
In Chester Penn. A patriotic rally was held at which the first company of volunteers was mustered into the ninth regiment of Penn. Volunteers amid cheers and band music
the women of Chester organized countywide systems of war relief
Patriotism
+Leisure Activities
these relief organizations didn’t just give supplies, but also gave the human, local link that the soldiers depended on
in this sense every American community accompanied its men to war
At the battle of Bull Run the Washington community was so lighthearted that politicians and sightseers accompanied the troops to battle to watch
After Lincoln’s death, he had a very elaborate funeral, and then his body was held in Washington for a week of observances and then slowly taken back to Springfield
people everywhere gathered to see his train pass and to pay their respects to him.
this brought the Washington and union communities together as one
Patriotism (continued)
+Leisure Activities
After the war, African American family reunions were very common
thousands of African Americans streamed to be legally married
women generally wanted to devote more time than they had under slavery to caring for their children and to do tasks like cooking, sewing, gardening, and laundering
Churches became the center of not only religious life, but also for many other activities that defined the African community (ie: schools, picnics, festivals, and political meetings)
the church was the first social institution to be completely under the control of the African Americans
while segregation in schools was accepted by the blacks, segregation in public places like steamboats, trains, and theaters was not something they were interested in
African Americans
+Leisure Activities
the combination of prostitution, gambling, and drinking discouraged the formation of stable communities
death by legal hanging or illegal lynching was the usual sentence
one historian wrote that in the west violence was “not a mere sideshow” but “an intrinsic part of western society”
the federal government began to set aside huge tracts of land as nature reserves
by the end of the century many Americans believed the west was a land of promise, opportunity, and excitement and adventure
The West
+Leisure Activities
Roosevelt wrote three books recounting his adventures in the west
the first “westerns” and “dime novels” to sell reflected the myths
these stories competed against stories of pirates, wars, crime, and sea adventures, but the westerns outsold the others
Edward Zane Carroll Judson wrote Buffalo Bill, the King of the Border Men (1869) spawned hundreds of other stories, magazines, etc. devoted to Buffalo Bill
these heroic ad romantic images were promoted by the railroad owners and the herd owners
The West (continued)
+Leisure Activities
Texas cowboys entertained prospective buyers by roping calves and breaking horses
Annie Oakley was a star performer in the Buffalo Bill show run by William F. Cody
she had such great aim hat she would shoot dimes in mid air and cigarettes from her husbands mouth
this show entertained crowds including Britain’s Queen Victoria
Owen Wister’s novel The Virginian (1902) fixed the public’s idea of the west
The West (continued)
+Leisure Activities
photography had become a huge thing during the civil war
this new medium conveyed the horror of the war with a gruesome reality to the American public
landscape painters piqued the public’s interest in the west
their art would appear in museums and as reproductions in magazines which could be found in America and in Europe
new technologies of graphic reproduction encouraged photographers and painters to provide new images of the west
Charles Schreyvogel depicted us cavalry fighting against Indian warriors,
Art
+Leisure Activities
Charles Russell, a real life cowboy, painted the life he knew and some imagined scenarios of buffalo hunts and first encounters between the Indians and white explorers
Frederic Remington captured vivid scenes of battle in his sketches and paintings
the paintings and photography of the west led the way for scholarly research on the various indian societies
Lewis Henry Morgan published the League of the Ho-de-no-sau-nee, or Iroquois (1851) considered the first scientific account of an indian tribe
In 1877 he published Ancient Society which posted a universal process of social evolution
Alice Cunnigham Fletcher became known as an expert on Omaha music
Art (continued)
+Leisure Activities
on one odd account, the northern and southern troops stopped fighting and agreed not to shoot at one another, but instead picked blackberries in a field as they talked to one another. This was to celebrated the fourth of July
during that time they also traded tobacco, coffee, and newspapers
It became common that worker joined unions during the civil war
Lincoln and his wife had gone to a theater, so it must have still been quite popular
+Notable People
Annie Oakley – a star performer in the Buffalo Bill show run by William F. Cody
Frederic Remington – the most famous western painter; captured vivid scenes of battle in his sketches and paintings
+
Q. & A.
+1.What did patriotism do in regards to the war?
a) Weakened the union b) Weakened the confederacy c) Made more men join the army
+CPatriotism made joining the army more more appealing to men.
+2. What did the women of Chester Pennsylvania do?
a) They started relief organizationsb) They mournedc) They stated a quilting club
+AThe women of Chester Pennsylvania started relief organizations
+3. Lincoln’s funeral could be described as?
a) Elaborate b) Short c) Overlooked
+ALincoln’s funeral was very elaborate.
+
4. After the war, what was common among African Americans ?
a) Family reunionsb) Legal marriagesc) Both a and b
+
CAfter the war, African Americans commonly participated in both family reunions and legal marriages.
+
5. What buildings became the center of African American society ?
a) The capital buildingb) churchesc) both a and b
+BChurches became the center of African American society.
+
6. Which president wrote 3 books about their adventures in the west?
a) Rooseveltb) Lincoln c) Jackson
+ARoosevelt wrote 3 books about their adventures in the west.
+7. What didEdward Zane Carroll Judson write?
a) Ancient Societyb) Buffalo Bill, the King of the Border Menc) The Virginian
+BEdward Zane Carroll Judson wrote Buffalo Bill, the King of the Border Men.
+8. Who wrote The Virginian?a) Frederic Remington
b) Lewis Henry Morganc) Owen Wister
+CLewis Henry Morgan wrote The Virginian.
+9. Who of the following was a famous painter?
a) Annie Oakley b) Charles Russell c) William F. Cody
+BCharles Russell was a famous painter.
+10. Which artist was actually a cowboy?
a) Charles Schreyvogelb) Charles Russell c) both a and b
+BCharles Russell was actually a cowboy who decided to become a painter.
+Citation
John Mack Faragher, Mari Jo Buhle, Daniel Czitrom, & Susan H. Armitage (2002). Out of Many: A History of the American People. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
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