© american standard inc. 1997 the trane company la crosse, wisconsin refrigeration system equipment...

The Trane CompanyLa Crosse, Wisconsin

Refrigeration System

Equipment Room DesignRefrigeration System

Equipment Room Design

ANSI/ASHRAE Standards

Standard 34-1992 …

“Number Designation And Safety Classification Of Refrigerants”

Standard 15-1994 …

“Safety Code For Mechanical Refrigeration”

“Number Designation AndSafety Classification Of Refrigerants”

Purpose? To establish a …

“… simple means of referring to common refrigerants instead of using the chemical name, formula, or trade name.”

“… uniform system for assigning reference numbers and safety classifications to refrigerants.”

ANSI/ASHRAE Standards …

Standard 34-1992

ASHRAE Standard 34-1992 …

Refrigerant Safety Classifications

Group A3

Group A2

Group A1

Group B3

Group B2

Group B1

higherflammability

lowerflammability

no flamepropagation

lower toxicity higher toxicity

Refrigerant/Blend Data

Refrigerant Chemical Name OrComposition (% By Weight)

Methane Series

CFC (or R) –11 Trichlorofluoromethane 75°F A1 1.6 4,000CFC (or R) –12 Dichlorodifluoromethane –22°F A1 12.0 40,000HCFC (or R) –22 Chlorodifluoromethane –41°F A1 9.4 42,000

Ethane Series

CFC (or R) –113 1,1,2–Trichlorotrifluoroethane 118°F A1 1.9 4,000HCFC (or R) –123 2,2–Dichloro–1,1,1–Trifluoroethane 81°F B1 0.4 1,000HFC (or R) –134a 1,1,1,2–Tetrafluoroethane –15°F A1 16.0 60,000HFC (or R) –152a 1,1–Difluoroethane –13°F A2 1.2 7,000

Azeotropes

R–500 R–12 (73.8) / R–152a (26.2) –27°F A1 12.0 47,000R–502 R–22 (48.8) / R–115 (51.2) –49°F A1 19.0 65,000

NormalBoilingPoint

SafetyGroup

Lbs/1000cu ft

PPMByVol

Refrig Qty Per Occupied Space

Standard 15-1994

Purpose? “… to specify safe design, construction, installation,

and operation of refrigerating systems.”

Scope? “This code established safeguards for life, limb, health,

and property and prescribes safety standards.”

“Safety Code ForMechanical Refrigeration”

Standard 15-1994

It applies to …

“ … mechanical refrigerating systems and heat pumps used in the occupancies defined in Section 4 and installed subsequently to adoption of this code”

Standard 15-1994

It also applies to …

“… parts or components added after adoption of this code, or a change to a refrigerant of a different number designation after adoption of this code”

Standard 15-1994

Finally, it applies to …

“… parts or components replaced after adoption of this code only if they are not identical in function”

Standard 15-1994

Provides classification criteria for …

Safety group

Occupancy type

Refrigerating system “probability”

Standard 15-1994

Safety group

Occupancy type

Safety Group Classification

Standard 34’s refrigerant safety classifications

Group A3

Group A2

Group A1

Group B3

Group B2

Group B1

higherflammability

lowerflammability

no flamepropagation

lower toxicity higher toxicity

Standard 15-1994

Safety group

Occupancy type

Occupancy Classification

Institutional Occupants can’t readily leave without help

Public assembly Where large numbers of occupants can’t vacate quickly

Residential Occupants have complete, independent living facilities

Industrial Occupancy is restricted only to authorized personnel

Occupancy Classification

Commercial Occupants transact business, receive personal

services, or purchase food or other goods

Large mercantile Premises where more than 100 people congregate to

purchase personal merchandise

Mixed Two or more occupancies share the same building

Standard 15-1994

Safety group

Occupancy type

Refrigerating System Probability

High Probability

Low Probability

SystemDesignation

Cooling Or Heating Source

Air Or SubstanceTo Be Cooled, Heated

Direct

IndirectOpen Spray

Double IndirectOpen Spray

IndirectClosed

IndirectVented Closed

ASHRAE Standard 15-1994…

Refrigerant Quantity Rules

Public Assembly,Refrigerant System Residential, Commercial,

Group Probability Institutional Large Mercantile Industrial

A1 High 2 1 3Low 4 4 4

A2 High 5 5 3Low 7 7 7

A3 High 9 9 3Low 9 9 7

B1 High 2, 6 1, 6 3Low 4 4 4

B2 High 5, 6 5, 6 3Low 7 7 7

B3 High 9 9 3Low 9 9 7

Applicable Rules By Occupancy Classification

Public Assembly,Refrigerant System Residential, Commercial,

Group Probability Institutional Large Mercantile Industrial

A1 High 2 1 3Low 4 4 4

A2 High 5 5 3Low 7 7 7

A3 High 9 9 3Low 9 9 7

B1 High 2, 6 1, 6 3Low 4 4 4

B2 High 5, 6 5, 6 3Low 7 7 7

B3 High 9 9 3Low 9 9 7

Applicable Rules By Occupancy Classification

Rule 4 …

“When the quantity of refrigerant in any system exceeds Table 1 amounts, all refrigerant-containing parts, except piping and those parts outside the building, shall be installed in a machinery room constructed in accordance with the provisions of 8.13.”

Refrigerant Safety Classifications

Refrigerant Chemical Name OrComposition (% By Weight)

Methane Series

CFC (or R) –11 Trichlorofluoromethane 75°F A1 1.6 4,000CFC (or R) –12 Dichlorodifluoromethane –22°F A1 12.0 40,000HCFC (or R) –22 Chlorodifluoromethane –41°F A1 9.4 42,000

Ethane Series

CFC (or R) –113 1,1,2–Trichlorotrifluoroethane 118°F A1 1.9 4,000HCFC (or R) –123 2,2–Dichloro–1,1,1–Trifluoroethane 81°F B1 0.4 1,000HFC (or R) –134a 1,1,1,2–Tetrafluoroethane –15°F A1 16.0 60,000HFC (or R) –152a 1,1–Difluoroethane –13°F A2 1.2 7,000

Azeotropes

R–500 R–12 (73.8) / R–152a (26.2) –27°F A1 12.0 47,000R–502 R–22 (48.8) / R–115 (51.2) –49°F A1 19.0 65,000

NormalBoilingPoint

SafetyGroup

lbs/1000cu ft

PPMByVol

Refrig Qty Per Occupied Space

Ventilation

Refrigeration system placement

Doors, passageways and access

Refrigerant monitoring

Open-flame devices

Pressure-relief piping

General requirements

Ventilation

Open-flame devices

equipment room design …

Ventilation

Volume requirements for …

Natural ventilation

Mechanical ventilation

Normal rate

Alarm rate

Ventilation

Remote machinery room …

OccupiedBuilding

RefrigerationSystem

Lean-to Or Other Structure With Natural Ventilation

More Than20 Feet

Ventilation

Natural ventilation

For refrigerating systems installed “outdoors, more than 20 ft from [any] building openings …”

F = G0.5

where:F = free opening area (sq ft)G = mass of refrigerant (lbs)

Ventilation

Normal-rate mechanical ventilation

Needed whenever the equipment room’s occupied

Requirements:

0.5 cfm per sq ft OR 20 cfm per person

Must operate, if necessary for operator comfort, at a volume that limits the temperature rise (T) to no more than 18°F

Ventilation

Alarm-rate mechanical ventilation

Required to exhaust accumulated refrigerant

Q = 100 × G0.5

where:Q = airflow (cu ft per minute)G = mass of refrigerant (lbs)

Ventilation

Suggested exhaust fan location …

Exhaust Fan

6 Feet

Ventilation

Dual-purposeventilation system …

ExhaustAirflow

End View

Plan View

VentilationAirflow

Ventilation

Open-flame devices

Refrigeration System Placement

Unobstructed space for inspecting and servicing equipment

Must comply with applicable safety standards and requirements of the presiding regulatory agency

Clear head room not less than 7.25 ft below equipment over passageways

Refrigeration System Placement

Multiple-chiller equipment room layouts …

Arrangement BArrangement A

ExhaustFan

RefrigerationSystems

ExhaustFan

RefrigerationSystems

AirInlet

Ventilation

Open-flame devices

Doors, Passageways And Access

Equipment room access limited to authorized personnel

Adequate number and type of doors

No openings to other parts of the building

No “shared” air-handling systems

Ventilation

Open-flame devices

Refrigerant Monitoring

“Detector” must …

Be appropriately sensitive to the refrigerant(s) in use

Activate alarm and ventilation at TLV®–TWA

“Threshold Limit Value–Time Weighted Average”

Sensor location and placement …

Height: 18 inches above the floor

Plan Continuous ventilation: Between the refrigeration

system and room exhaust

Intermittent ventilation: Close to the refrigeration system, between it and the room entrance

Typical refrigerant monitor installation …

Chiller

RefrigerantMonitor

5 Feet

Roof Or Concrete Floor

Mechanical Equipment RoomOccupied Space

Sample-In Tubing

Particle Filter

12–18 Inches

Suggested sensor placement for intermittent ventilation …

Identifies refrigerant sampling points

Refrigeration Systems

Typical multichannel scanner application …

Identifies refrigerant sampling points

Refrigerant MonitorWith Multichannel Option

Ventilation

Open-flame devices

Open-Flame Devices

“No open flames that use combustion air from the machinery room shall be installed where any refrigerant is used.”

Exceptions …

Combustion air is ducted from outside and sealed to prevent refrigerant leakage into the combustion chamber

A refrigerant detector is used to shut down combustion automatically if a refrigerant leak occurs

Ventilation

Open-flame devices

Pressure-Relief Piping

Suggested refrigerantvent piping …

15 Feet AboveGround Level

(Alternate Arrangement)

Exterior Wall

Purge DischargeVent Line

Rupture DiscAssembly

Flexible SteelConnection

Drip Leg(Length As

Needed)

1/4” FL × 1/4” NPTDrain Valve

Support this pipe!

Ventilation

Open-flame devices

General Requirements

Changing, charging and storing refrigerants

Self-contained breathing apparatus Two required per equipment room

Emergency shutdown procedure

General maintenance

An American-Standard Company

© american standard inc. 1997 the trane company la crosse, wisconsin refrigeration system equipment...

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