-aircraft-avionics2 -pitch angel & side siliping
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AIRCRAFT AVIONICSAIRCRAFT AVIONICSPRINCIPLEPRINCIPLE
Zhang Fuchun
Dec 2006
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CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2Measuring of Aircrafts AttitudeMeasuring of Aircrafts Attitude
Measuring of Pitch Angle
and Bank Angle
Measuring of Turn andSideslip
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Section 1Section 1
Measuring of Pitch Angle andMeasuring of Pitch Angle and
Bank AngleBank Angle
1. Definitions of pitch angle and bank angle
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Section 1Section 1
Measuring of Pitch Angle andMeasuring of Pitch Angle and
Bank AngleBank Angle
1. Definitions of pitch angle and bank angle
A pitch angle is the included angle betweenlongitudinal axis of the aircraft and horizontalplane.
it is the included angle between symmetricplane and vertical plane on longitudinal axis ofthe aircraft.
Pitch angle:
Bank angle:
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Section 1Section 1
Measuring of Pitch Angle andMeasuring of Pitch Angle and
Bank AngleBank Angle2. Basic conditions to measure pitch angle
and bank angleAltitude angles are in fact the relative location
between aircrafts vertical axis and local verticalline. If only an artificial vertical line (artificial lateral
system of coordinates) is found in aircrafts, andcompares it with airframe system of coordinates,we can measure altitude angles.
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Section 1Section 1
Measuring of Pitch Angle andMeasuring of Pitch Angle and
Bank AngleBank Angle3. Basic principle of measuring pitch angle
and bank angle(1) How to simulate vertical line
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3. Basic principle of measuring pitch angle
and bank angle
(1) How to simulate vertical line
To simulate vertical line by pendulum
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3. Basic principle of measuring pitch angle
and bank angle
(1) How to simulate vertical line
To simulate vertical line by pendulum
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3. Basic principle of measuring pitch angle
and bank angle
(1) How to simulate vertical line
To simulate vertical line by rate gyroscope
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3. Basic principle of measuring pitch angle
and bank angle
(2) How to simulate vertical line correctly
To take the advantage of gyros directional stability of
acceleration resistance and the gyro as the foundation of the
working of instruments; to take the advantage of the nature ofvertical to correct the gyro and make autorotation axis trace
gyros vertical line continuously. The gyro can not only
eliminate error of autorotation axiss shift from vertical line
because of wandering, but also resist interference of
acceleration. Therefore, no matter the aircraft is in level
flight or there is acceleration, autorotation axis of gyro can
simulate
vertical line accurately.
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3. Basic principle of measuring pitch angle
and bank angle
(2) How to simulate vertical line correctly
Composition of correction system
a. Rate gyroscope
b. Liquid pendulum
c. Correction motor
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3. Basic principle of measuring pitch angle
and bank angle
(2) How to simulate vertical line correctly
Error situation analysis
a. Acceleration error
b. Longitudinal acceleration error
c. Banking turn error
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3. Basic principle of measuring pitch angle
and bank angle
(3) Bracket servo system
Function
Control the outer frame axis of gyro andmake it vertical to autorotation axis when bankangle is arbitrary value. In this way the gyro
can maintain good stability to guarantee thedirection of artificial vertical line not beinginterfered by aircrafts attitude.
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3. Basic principle of measuring pitch angle
and bank angle
(3) Bracket servo system
Composition
a. Rate gyroscope
b. Liquid pendulum
c. Correction motor
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3. Basic principle of measuring pitch angle
and bank angle
(3) Bracket servo system
Composition
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(3) Bracket servo system
Working situation
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Section 1Section 1
Measuring of Pitch Angle andMeasuring of Pitch Angle and
Bank AngleBank Angle
4. Indication of pitch angle and bank angle
(1) Inside-out display
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Section 1Section 1
Measuring of Pitch Angle andMeasuring of Pitch Angle and
Bank AngleBank Angle
4. Indication of pitch angle and bank angle
(2) Outside-in display
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Section 1Section 1
Measuring of Pitch Angle andMeasuring of Pitch Angle and
Bank AngleBank Angle
4. Indication of pitch angle and bank angle
(3) Basic Working principle of outside-in display
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Section 1Section 1
Measuring of Pitch Angle andMeasuring of Pitch Angle and
Bank AngleBank Angle
4. Indication of pitch angle and bank angle
(3) Basic Working principle of outside-in display
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Section 2Section 2
Measuring of Turn and SideslipMeasuring of Turn and Sideslip1. Basic principle of measuring turns(1) Measuring the turning direction
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Section 2Section 2
Measuring of Turn and SideslipMeasuring of Turn and Sideslip1. Basic principle of measuring turns(1) Measuring the turning direction
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Section 2Section 2
Measuring of Turn and SideslipMeasuring of Turn and Sideslip1. Basic principle of measuring turns(2) Why does the turn indicator can indicate the
aircrafts bank angle when the aircraft is innon-sideslip turning at a certain true speed?
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Section 2Section 2
Measuring of Turn and SideslipMeasuring of Turn and Sideslip1. Basic principle of measuring turns(2) Why does the turn indicator can indicate the
aircrafts bank angle when the aircraft is innon-sideslip turning at a certain true speed?
G tgv
=
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Section 2Section 2
Measuring of Turn and SideslipMeasuring of Turn and Sideslip2. Basic principle of measuring sideslip(1) Working condition of the bank indicator in level flight
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Section 2Section 2
Measuring of Turn and SideslipMeasuring of Turn and Sideslip2. Basic principle of measuring sideslip(2) Basic working condition of the bank indicator when the
aircraft is turning
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