amino&acids, pep.des,&and&...
TRANSCRIPT
Amino Acids, Pep.des, and Proteins
The essen.al amino acids
isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, arginine, his.dine, and lysine. These amino acids are obtained from diges.ng foods containing proteins.
Some examples of aminoacids
H2N NH
O
NH2
OH
O
L-Citrulline
J. Agr. Food Chem. 2013, DOI:10.1021/jf400964r
Arginine and nitric oxide
Acid-‐Base Proper.es
Isoelectric Point
Separa.on of Amino Acids via Electrophoresis
AMINO ACID SYNTHESIS
Amino Acid Synthesis via α-‐Haloacids
Iden.fy the reagents necessary to make each of the following amino acids using a Hell‑Volhard‑Zelinski reac.on. (a) Leucine (b) Alanine (c) Valine Each of the following carboxylic acids was treated with bromine and PBr3 followed by water, and the resul.ng α-‐haloacid was then treated with excess ammonia. In each case, draw and name the amino acid that is produced.
Amino Acid Synthesis via the Amidomalonate Synthesis
Show how you would use the amidomalonate synthesis to prepare a racemic mixture of tryptophan.
Begin by iden.fying the side chain a[ached to the α posi.on of tryptophan
Next, iden.fy the alkyl halide needed to install this group.
Amino Acid Synthesis via the Strecker Synthesis
Enan.oselec.ve Synthesis of l Amino Acids
The Assembly of Pep.des from Amino Acids
Paracetamol overdoses
Draw a bond-‐line structure showing the tripep.de Phe-‐Val-‐Trp
The Geometry of Pep.de Bonds
Disulfide Bridges
Some Interes.ng Pep.des
Polypep.de An.bio.cs
Sequencing a Pep.de
Enzyma.c Cleavage
A pep.de with 16 amino acid residues is treated with trypsin to give three fragments, while treatment with chymotrypsin gives four fragments (shown). Iden.fy the sequence of the 16 amino acid residues in the star.ng pep.de.
A pep.de with 22 amino acid residues is treated with trypsin to give four fragments, while treatment with chymotrypsin yields six fragments. Iden.fy the sequence of the 22 amino acid residues in the star.ng pep.de.
Pep.de Synthesis
Protec.ng the Amino Group of an Amino Acid
Removal of the Boc group
Fmoc protec.ve group
Protec.ng the Carboxylic Acid Moiety of an Amino Acid
Deprotec.ng the Carboxylic Acid Moiety of an Amino Acid
Deprotec.ng the Carboxylic Acid Moiety of an Amino Acid
Preparing a Dipep.de
Propose a synthesis for the following dipep.de: Phe-‐Val
Step 1 Install the appropriate protec.ng groups.
Step 2 Couple the protected amino acids using DCC.
Step 3 Remove the protec.ng groups.