amino acid for health: from innovation to daily...

Dr. Doungporn Morakotkarn

Quality Assurance and Scientific Regulatory Affairs Dept.

Ajinomoto Co., (Thailand) Ltd.

Feb, 5th 2015

Amino acid for Health: From

Innovation to Daily Application

Definition of amino acids

Amino acid = Molecule contain amine (-NH2) and carboxylic

acid (-COOH) group along with a side-chain specific to each

amino acid.

20% of human body is composed of amino

acids

All living organisms need amino acids to live

Without them, we cannot live

Amino acids are divided into 2 categories

Essential amino acids – From Nutrition

Non-Essential amino acids – Synthesized in body

Approx. 500 kinds of amino acids have been discovered

20 amino acids make up proteins of the human body

Amino acids work as proteins to govern life

Approx. >100,000 kinds of proteins

in our body

All proteins are made from 20 amino acids

Amino acids are the essence of life

The history of Ajinomoto amino acids

businesses

Ajinomoto expanded into various field since 1935

AJI-NO-MOTO® Seasonings

Sweeteners

Feed-use amino acids

Amino acids for

pharmaceuticals and foods

Pharmaceutical fine chemicals

Pharmaceuticals

Health and Nutrition

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 1909 1930

Specialty Chemicals

～

～

～

～

Aspartame

Lysine Tryptophan Threonine

Amino acids for pharmaceuticals and foods CALTAKE®

Antihypertensive / Antiviral AIDS medication / Anti-virus intermediates

ELENTAL® LIVACT® FASTIC®

Argin-Z®

Amisoft® Ajidew

JINO® Amihope®LL

2010

1935: Started selling

medical products* made

from amino acids BCAA Glycine

Introduction: Ajinomoto and amino acids Ajinomoto Group products

Birth of AJI-NO-MOTO® in 1909

How widely amino

acids are used?

Introduction: Ajinomoto and amino acids Amino acids appear in many Ajinomoto products

Birth of AJI-NO-MOTO® in 1909

A diversified general

food company?

A unique company

based on

amino acids

Introduction: Ajinomoto and amino acids

Dr. Kikunae Ikeda extracted 30 g of amino acids from 12 kg of kombu kelp.

↓

At the time of Ajinomoto’s founding (1909), an extraction method was used to

produce amino acids from wheat after decomposition by hydrochloric acid.

Our amino acids business started with AJI-NO-MOTO®

AJI-NO-MOTO®

products

Amino acids

Wheat protein was hydrolyzed to amino

acids

The AJI-NO-MOTO® production site at the time

of the company’s founding

Wheat

Glutamic acid

Other amino acids

Amino acids

related businesses

30%

70%

Effective usage

The business has grown through the efficient use of

the amino acids extracted along with glutamic acid.

The amino acid production method

Fermentation processes are widely used to produce amino

acids from tapioca starch, sugarcane and other materials

Raw Materials

Target

amino acids Molasses / starch

Minerals

Liquid

fertilizer

and feed

(Co-Products)

Co- products

of

fermentation

Amino acids, minerals and bacterial cells

remain in the solution.

Fermentation bacteria

Fermentation

Isolation and

purification

Corn Sugarcane

Sugarcane

Beet

Cassava

Corn

Example of extraction (Cys)

We use amino acids as…

1) Food

Seasoning, Sweetener, Functional food

2) Feed

Supplement in animal feed

Benefits and applications of amino acids

We use amino acids as…

3) For Health

Improve the nutritional status

4) Specialty Chemicals

Cosmetic, Skin care, Chemical raw material

Benefits and applications of amino acids

1) Use of Amino Acids as Food

Flavor enhancer / Umami seasoning

Glutamic acid (MSG), RosDee, RosDee Menu

Sweetener: Aspartame – Phenylalanine and Aspartic acid

Lite Sugar®

＋

Phenylalanine Aspartic acid

Sour

Umami Bitter

⇒

Aspartame

(peptide)

Sweet

200 times

sweeter than

sugar

Introduction: Ajinomoto and amino acids Amino acids and Tastes

Umami &

sourness

Glutamic acid

Aspartic acid

Asparagine

Sweetness

Glycine

Alanine

Threonine

Serine

Glutamine

Bitterness

Lysine

Proline

Phenylalanine

Tryptophan

Arginine

Isoleucine

Valine

Leucine

Methionine

Histidine

Amino acids are one of the important elements that determine

the taste of food.

Methionine gives sea urchin taste.

Without it, its taste likes crab.

Introduction: Ajinomoto and amino acids Amino acids and Tastes

Umami &

sourness

Glutamic acid

Aspartic acid

Asparagine

Sweetness

Glycine

Alanine

Threonine

Serine

Glutamine

Bitterness

Lysine

Proline

Phenylalanine

Tryptophan

Arginine

Isoleucine

Valine

Leucine

Methionine

Histidine

Amino acids are one of the important elements that determine

the taste of food.

Tomato

Glutamic acid

Aspartic acid

Sour cranberry

minus equals to

Functional food - Arginine, Glutamine and BCAAs

For

Muscle building

Increase of stamina and recovery from fatigue

Improvement of physical toughness

Ajinomoto Amino Vital®

BCAA = Branched Chain Amino Acid

BCAAs = Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine

1) Use of Amino Acids as Food (supplement)

1) BCAAs เหมาะส าหรับนักกีฬาที่ต้องการสร้างกล้ามเนื้อ (ความลับของนักเพาะกาย)

Leucine Isoleucine Valine

Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs)

Muscle tissues are comprised of two proteins, actin and myosin. The main

components of the two proteins are called branched chain amino acid (BCAAs)

for their molecular structure. BCAAs accounts for about 35 % of the essential

amino acids contained in myoproteins. Replenishment of BCAAs increase the

raw materials for muscle tissues, contributing to muscle building.

Use of Amino Acids in Food

การใช้กรดอะมิโนเป็นอาหารฟังก์ชั่น “Functional Foods”

2) รักษาความแข็งแรงของกล้ามเนื้อและบรรเทาอาการอ่อนล้า

Take BCAAs before or

during the sport activity

To maintain stamina

To recover from fatigue promptly

Take BCAAs immediately

after the sport activity



3) ปรับโครงสร้างด้านกายภาพของร่างกายและท าให้สมองผ่อนคลาย

- ในระหว่างที่ออกก าลังกาย ระดับของกรดแลคติกในเลือดจะสูงขึ้น ท าให้ pH ในกล้ามเนื้อลดลง เป็นเหตุให้กล้ามเนื้อเกิดอาการตึงหรือหดตัว

การเสริมด้วย BCAAs เพื่อรักษาระดับกรดแลคติกในกระแสเลือด

- ในระหว่างที่ออกก าลังกาย สมาธิและพลังงานจะลดลง อันเนื่องมาจากสารสื่อประสาทที่อยู่ในสมอง ที่ชื่อว่า serotonin ซึ่งผลิตมาจากทริปโตแฟน

ด้านกายภาพ

ด้านจิตใจ

การเพิ่มปริมาณ BCAAs จะไปช่วยขัดขวางการส่งผ่านทริปโตแฟน เป็นผลให้ยับยั้งกระบวนการสร้าง serotonin



amino VITAL® : An example of BCAAs product available in the market

amino VITAL® combines five amino acids,

BCAAs plus Arginine and Glutamine.

During exercise, BCAAs will help muscle

Recover and rebuild much faster, while the

two amino acids, Arg and Gln, work to

synthesize proteins, remove harmful toxins

and strengthen the body’s immune system

during and after the exercise.



Amino acid supplement in animal feed

Lysine, Threonine, Tryptophan

When animals are given feeds that are

deficient in even one of the amino acids

needed, the body cannot effectively use

the other amino acids and they will be

excreted

By adding lysine, which tends to

be lacking in feed, all other

amino acids can be used

effectively

Amino acids that

cannot be used

effectively

2) Use of Amino Acids as Feed

豚の増加体重（4 週間飼育）

0

10

20

30

+8 kg

+26 kg

Corn feed

(insufficient

amino acids)

Sufficient

amino acids

Increase in swine weight

(4 weeks of feed)

30

20

10

0

kg

The weight at the beginning of the experiment was 35 kg.

Source: Sato, et. al., Japanese Society of Animal Science (1980)

2) Use of Amino Acids as Feed

Amino acid supplement in animal feed

Lysine, Threonine, Tryptophan

Lysine

Threonine

Sulfur-containing amino acids

(methionine + cystein)

Tryptophan

Ideal amino

acid

balance

100

Valine

0

＋

Amino acids play a role in improving the nutrition of patients

Ajinomoto was the first company selling amino acids infusion.

This made it possible for patients in critical conditions to get

major surgery

For people who

cannot eat normal

meals…

Through the gastrointestinal tract

(nasal, enteral, or oral administration)

Elemental Diets Through the bloodstream

(intravenous

administration)

Amino Acid

Infusions

3) Use of Amino Acids for health

BCAAs can improve the nutrition of Hepatic Failure and Renal

Failure patients

These patients - Unbalance of amino acids, Low BCAAs

BCAAs work on liver cells to promote the synthesis of protein

BCAAs

An effective

treatment for

cirrhosis patients.

Valine Leucine Isoleucine

CH

CH3 CH3

ＨＮ 2

CH

ＣＯＯＨ

CH

CH3 CH3

CH2

ＨＮ 2

CH

ＣＯＯＨ

CH

CH3 CH3

CH3

ＨＮ 2

CH

ＣＯＯＨ


BCAAs alleviate muscle pain

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Pre-

workout

Post-

workout

1 day

later

2 days

later 3 days

later

4 days

later

Muscle

pain

sco

re

Avg. ± standard

deviation

(0-10)

Source： Y. Shimomura et al., Int. J. Sport Nutrition Soc., (2010, 20, 236-244）

No consumption

BCAA consumption


4) Use of Amino Acids as Specialty Chemicals

Cosmetic for Skin Care: Amisoft®: an amino acid soap

Friendly for Environmental and skin

Source: Kanenari, et. al., J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. Japan, 27244 (1993)

Ajinomoto TS materials 0101-0544, Kawasaki, et. al., Fragrance Journal, 19, 45 (1991)

0 1 2 3 4

Strong Mild

0 1 2 3

20

Skin irritation

Biodegradability

(Score)

(Score)

40

60

4

Amisoft®

Sodium laurate

Skin friendly

Environmentally

friendly

Bio

-

deg

rada

bility

(%)

＋ Amino acids Fatty acids ⇒

Fatty acids Amino acids

Non-irritating soaps

http://www.google.co.jp/url?q=http://www.7netshopping.jp/beauty/detail/-/accd/2100510072/subno/1&usg=AFQjCNFR_Mg8NTIx4JgEWwum65ZRVfqdrw&ei=is7eTrfgHMS-kAXWyIyWAQ&ved=0CBkQ-hIwAw

Cosmetic for Skin Care: Ajinomoto Jino®

Amino acids maintain skin for its beauty, moisture and elasticity

Source： H. W. Spier. G. Pascher Der Haotarzt. 7. 55-60.(1956)

Structure of skin NMF composition

＊Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF) is a compound within the stratum corneum.

Collagen

(NMF) S. Corneum

Epidermis

Dermis

Hypodermis

Others Amino

acids

* *Pyrrolidone carboxylic

acid :

An amino acid metabolite

created from glutamic acid


Key amino acids for skin

Proline

Main component of Collagen which constitute the skin

Serves as a fast-acting energy source, can create from glutamic acid

Important amino acid in NMF that brings moisture to skin

Structure of skin ＊Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF) is a compound within the stratum corneum.

Collagen

(NMF) S. Corneum

Epidermis

Dermis

Hypodermis

Cosmetic for Hair Care: Ajinomoto Jino®

Hair care products containing amino acids help to create

lustrous, smooth hair


Alanine and Glutamine promotes the decomposition of alcohol


Glycine improve sleep quality

Shorten time to onset of sleep and to deep sleep

May help reduce fatigue felt upon waking

Source： Yamadera, W. et al., Sleep and Biological Rhythms 5 (2007) 126-131

Time needed (minutes)

Time to

sleep

onset

Time to

deep

sleep

Glycine intake

No glycine


Amino acids, a path to the future

The amino acid market and global market share

Global market (2010)

(*1000 tons)

Ajinomoto share Market position

MSG 2490 25% 1

Lysine 1550 20% 2

Threonine 245 35% 1

Tryptophan 5 55% 1

Other amino acids 24 40% 1

Aspartame 24 40% 1

Top levels of research,

development, production,

quality and sales

Ajinomoto is the world’s

No.1 amino acids company


Amino acids can provide the solutions for many issues

Air pollution

Climate change

Water pollution

Loss of seaweed beds

Soil pollution

Population explosion

Nutrition deficiencies

Aging

Longing for health

Longing for beauty

Stress

Environmental issues and amino acids

The use of amino acids reduce environmental impact

Feed-use amino acids reduce the environmental impact of

livestock excrement

Nutrition deficiencies and amino acids

There are high expectation for what amino acids can do to

reduce “Infant mortality rates”

Amino acids are used to develop dietary supplementation to

improve nutritional status of infants during weaning (6-24

months)

Growth in height and weight of

children receiving lysine

fortification

Source: Lysine fortification project data for village in Henan Province,

China

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

(%)

No fortification

Lysine fortification

Height Weight

*United Nations Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 4: “Reduce by two thirds,

between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate.” The world is currently

struggling to achieve this goal. A major cause of child mortality is nutritional

deficiency. (Improvements given to nutritional deficiencies enhance the body’s

resistance and immunity to infectious diseases ).

Ghana Project

To develop and distribute nutritional supplements

to improve nourishment of infants during weaning

(6-24 months after birth), the period when

malnutrition is a particular concern.

Aging problems and amino acids

Amino acids prevent the degradation of elderly motor skills

Rate of increase in muscle mass

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

運動＋アミノ酸サプリ

運動アミノ酸サプリ健康教育のみ

(%)

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

運動＋アミノ酸サプリ

運動アミノ酸サプリ健康教育のみ

(%)

** *

Average ± standard deviation,

＊p<0.05, ＊＊p<0.01

Rate of increase in muscle strength

Source: H. K. Kim et al., JAGS 60: 16-23, (2012)

Exercise+ Exercise Amino acid Physical education

amino acid supplements only

supplements

Exercise+ Exercise Amino acid Physical education

amino acid supplements only

supplements

Sarcopenia is considered a major issue related to the aging

population. *Sarcopenia – The degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality and strength associated with aging

AminoIndexTM:

a technology contributing to healthcare

AminoIndex can check easily the risks of disease

e.g. Lung cancer, Gastric cancer, Uterus cancer, Prostate cancer

Lung cancer

Breast Gastric

Lung

Uterus Colorec

tal

Prostate

By collecting blood (5 ml)

once, the risk assessment of

four sorts of male cancers

and five sorts of female

cancers became possible

Ala Arg Ile Orn

Gly Gln Cit Thr

Ser Trp Val His

Pro Met Lys Leu

up

up

down

down


Amino acids can provide the solutions for many issues

Air pollution

Climate change

Water pollution

Soil pollution

Population explosion

Nutrition deficiencies

Aging

Longing for health

Longing for beauty

Stress

• Feed-use amino acids

• Amino acids for foods

• Sarcopenia prevention

• Amino acids for cosmetic

• Aspartame

• Diet products

• Amino acids for

Pharmaceuticals

• Glycine

• Disease diagnosis

45

Amino acids are the “essence of life.”

There are infinite possibilities for their use.

Let’s start! Amino life

Please visit website http://www.ajinomoto.com/features/amino/

amino acid for health: from innovation to daily...

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