A) Minnesota 18621) 4 Dakota Sioux warriors kill a family 5 whites settlers.2) More Dakota Indians go on the war

path i. more white settlers are killed.ii. The Native American were led by Chief

Mankato, and Chief Little Crow

3) Colonel Henry Sibley finally put an end to the Massacre.

4) By the end the Dakota had killed 450 to 500 settlers and soldiers

A. Colorado, 1864. 1) Cheyenne Chief - Black Kettle

i. Led 800 Cheyenne to Fort Lyon to establish peace

ii. He was told by the government his people would be safe.

iii. Sent warriors on a hunt to get food.

2) Militia under the command of Colonel John Chivington kill and mutilate 200 Cheyenne

i. Mostly women and children.

“I saw the bodies of those lying there cut all to pieces, worse mutilated than any I ever saw before; the women cut all to pieces ... With knives; scalped; their brains knocked out; children two or three months old; all ages lying there, from sucking infants up to warriors ... By whom were they mutilated? By the United States troops ...” John S. Smith, Congressional Testimony

“Fingers and ears were cut off the bodies for the jewelry they carried. The body of White Antelope, lying solitarily in the creek bed, was a prime target. Besides scalping him the soldiers cut off his nose, ears, and testicles-the last for a tobacco pouch ...” Stan Hoig

A. Bozeman Trail in Montana– major transportation route through Sioux hunting grounds.

B. Sioux petition government to close the trail.

C. The U.S. Army orders the road to be kept open at all costs

D. The Sioux go on the warpathE. 79 US soldiers killed by Sioux

warriors under Chief Red Cloud

A. Colonel George Armstrong Custer and 200 soldiers killed in 20 minutes.

B. No survivors. C. Sioux Indians led by Sitting

Bull and Crazy Horse.

A. Philosophy was to “kill the Indian and save the man.”

B. Get Native Americans to accept white Western European culture

1) “Become civilized”i. Farm, raise cattle, go to church, become educated, wear

clothes etc…

ii. Abandon their culture and nomadic way of life

iii. Leads to the Dawes Act and the destruction of the Buffalo

A. Goal - Americanize the Native Americans

1) Plan broke up reservations and redistributed land to each adult of the Indian families for farming and grazing.

2) Land was subdivided into 160 acre or 320 acre parcels

i. Major policy after the discovery of gold in the Black Hills

ii. American government was in a depression and in debt

iii. Getting to the gold would help that situation

A. December 1890 1) Sioux reservation in South Dakota

2) “Ghost Dance” is believed to be a Native American uprising

a) Indian prophet has a vision that

i. Buffalo population replenished

ii. The Whiteman will leave

iii. Traditional way of life restored

3) Ghost Dance leads to a) Sitting Bull being arrested and killed

b) A massacre in which the Seventh Cavalry killed 300 unarmed Indians and left their bodies to freeze.