america: pathways to the present the progressive reform era (1890–1920) copyright © 2003 by...
TRANSCRIPT
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America: Pathways to the Present
The Progressive Reform Era(1890–1920)
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing asPrentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. All rights reserved.
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AKA...The Gilded Age (1877-1900)
• Because when you look beyond the good things happening in society, there were many problems.
• Gilded – cheap centercovered w/ thin layer of gold (coined by Mark Twain in an 1873 book)
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• Rapid Rapid industrialization, industrialization, immigration, and immigration, and urbanization led urbanization led
to national to national growth and growth and prosperity.prosperity.
Life inUrbanAmerica
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•Rapid growth also caused poverty, unemployment, poor
working conditions and political corruption.
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•Many Progressives believed that political
action and reform were required for progress in
society.
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MUCKRAKERS• Journalists that exposed turn of the
century problems such as illegal business activities, putrid food, quack medicines, squalid living conditions, dangerous working conditions, etc.
• The uncovering of these awful truths led progressives to demand changes.
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• Exposed the shameful living conditions in city tenements
• Exposed Big City Political Corruption
• Exposed the ruthless practices of big business
• Exposed the horrors of the meatpacking industry
• The Jungle
• History of Standard Oil
SOME FAMOUS MUCKRAKERS
• How the Other Half Lives
• Ida Tarbell
• Lincoln Steffens
• Shame of the Cities
• Jacob Riis
• Upton Sinclair
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Progressives were not a single unified movement. Their efforts fell into four
categories:
The Progressives: Their Goals and Beliefs
Social Reform
Moral Reform
Economic Reform
Political Reform
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Economic Reforms
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Economic Reformers sought to curb the power and influence of wealthy interests.
Economic Reform
» Monopolies» Trusts» Gap between Rich
and Poor
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An act to protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
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16th Amendment• Income Tax!
• How can that be a good thing?How can that be a good thing?
• A “Progressive Tax” – the more income you make, the more tax you pay.
• Reduces the gap between rich and poor!Reduces the gap between rich and poor!
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Moral Reforms
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Moral ReformMany felt the Morals of our society were at the
root of many turn of the century problems. - Moral Reformers sought to promote Moral
Improvements:
• End Prostitution• End Gambling• End Drunkenness
• Educate Children
• Americanize and/or Restrict Entry of Immigrants
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• The Evils of AlcoholThe Evils of Alcohol
Moral Reform
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Carrie Nation – “Saloon Smasher”
• Extremely religious upbringing• Married a drinker
(against parents wishes) who died when their daughter was an infant• Second marriage
also unsuccessful - divorced
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Carrie Nation – “Saloon Hatcher”
• Used a hatchet to meet goals of temperance movement:
1. destroy property
2. convert saloon keepers
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18th amendment
• Prohibition!Prohibition!
Beginning in 1920, the Beginning in 1920, the manufacture, manufacture,
transportation and sale of transportation and sale of alcohol is alcohol is prohibited!prohibited!