america moves to the city theme: in the late nineteenth century, american society was increasingly...

America Moves to the City Theme: In the late nineteenth century, American society was increasingly dominated by large urban centers. Explosive urban growth was accompanied by often disturbing changes, including the New Immigration, crowded slums, new religious outlooks, and conflicts over culture and values. While many Americans were disturbed by the new urban problems, cities also offered opportunities to women and expanded cultural horizons. Theme: African Americans suffered the most as the south lagged behind other regions of the country with regard to educational improvements and opportunities. Two schools of thought emerged as to the best way to handle this problem. Booker T. Washington advocated that blacks should gain knowledge of useful trades. With this would come self- respect and economic security – Washington

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America Moves to the City

Theme: In the late nineteenth century, American society was increasingly dominated by large urban centers. Explosive urban growth was accompanied by often disturbing changes, including the New Immigration, crowded slums, new religious outlooks, and conflicts over culture and values. While many Americans were disturbed by the new urban problems, cities also offered opportunities to women and expanded cultural horizons.Theme: African Americans suffered the most as the south lagged behind other regions of the country with regard to educational improvements and opportunities. Two schools of thought emerged as to the best way to handle this problem. Booker T. Washington advocated that blacks should gain knowledge of useful trades. With this would come self-respect and economic security – Washington avoided the issue of social equality. W.E.B. Du Bois demanded complete equality for blacks, both social as well as economic.

I. Rise of the CityA. Emigration from farms

1. New technologiesa. J. Sullivan, electricity,

telephones, suburbs2. Appealing lifestyle for some

but not othersa. Shopping and impact of

consumerismb. Slums, dumbbell tenement,

flophouses

B. New Immigration, 1880s1. Characteristics

a. Southern and Eastern Europe

b. “American Fever” and persecution

c. “birds of passage”

Page 3: America Moves to the City Theme: In the late nineteenth century, American society was increasingly dominated by large urban centers. Explosive urban growth

II. Reactions to ImmigrationA. Bosses exploitationB. Nativism

1. APA and organized labor2. Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882

C. Social reformers1. Christian Socialists2. Middle class targeted urban

poor3. Female reformers pioneered

social work as well as other urban employment

D. Religion adjusted to changes1. Moody, Cardinal Gibbons, Mary

Baker Eddy, YMCA2. Roman Catholic and Judaism

gained strength3. Conflict over evolution divided

Protestants

New York•W. Rauschenbusch

•Lillian Weld•Florence Kelley

Chicago•Jane Adams

•FlorenceKelley

OhioWashington Gladden’s

“social gospel”

Page 4: America Moves to the City Theme: In the late nineteenth century, American society was increasingly dominated by large urban centers. Explosive urban growth

III. Cultural Challenges

Timeline of American Sports• Pre-1850’s: Cricket, Boxing,

Horseracing, and walking races• 1850’s: America’s Cup, Harvard-Yale

Regatta (crew), Rugby in England, Montreal lacrosse, Sheffield Soccer, Baseball in NYC, Australian Rule Football in Melbourne, Horse Racing

• 1860’s: Open Championship (golf), ski-jumping (Norway),

• 1870’s: Football in New Jersey, Wimbledon

• 1880’s: 1st World Series (baseball)

• 1890’s: French Open (tennis), Stanley Cup (Hockey), Olympic Games,

• 1900: Rose Bowl (college football), Tour de France, NCAA formed,

A. Compulsory, public-funded Education

1. Public educationa. Booker T v. Dubois

2. University booma. Normal Schools and Morrill & Hatch Acts

B. Increased literacy1. Accessible libraries2. Sensationalist newspapers3. Reform-minded magazines

a. Edwin Godkin (Nation)b. Henry George’s land tax!

C. Urbanization stresses families1. Family statistics reverse

D. Battle for Social Progress1. Women’s suffrage and NAWSA

a. E.C. Stanton, C.C.Catt, I.B. Wells

2. Middle class temperance fears3. Clara Barton and Red Cross4. The Realism of Art and Music5. The rise of Big Business Entertainment

Page 5: America Moves to the City Theme: In the late nineteenth century, American society was increasingly dominated by large urban centers. Explosive urban growth

Putting Things in Order(Put the following events in correct order by numbering them 1 to 5)

1. _____ Well-educated young midwesterner moves to Chicago slums and creates a vital center of social reform and activism

2. _____ Introduction of a new form of high-rise slum housing drastically increases the overcrowding of the urban poor

3. _____ Nativist organization is formed to limit the “New Immigration” and attack Roman Catholicism

4. _____ The formation of a new national organization signals growing strength for the women’s suffrage movement

5. _____ A western territory becomes the first U.S. government to grant full voting rights to women

Page 6: America Moves to the City Theme: In the late nineteenth century, American society was increasingly dominated by large urban centers. Explosive urban growth

Answers

1. 4

2. 2

3. 3

4. 5

5. 1

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