america in world war ii 1937-1945 {ch. 34-35} unit 6 chapter 34-40
TRANSCRIPT
America in World War II
1937-1945{ch. 34-35}
Unit 6Chapter 34-40
Sept. 1940: Congress passes a conscription lawAmerica’s first peace-time
draft
Roosevelt declared in 1943 that the New Deal reform era was overMany programs of the once-popular
New Deal were wiped out-including (CCC, WPA, etc.)
The U.S. Comes Out of the Depression
Isolationism…
Why didn’t America Act?Distracted by the econ.Vividly recall losses of
WWISafe behind protection
of two oceans Rise of fascists
increased desire to avoid conflict
Good Neighbor Policy Renounced intervention in
Latin America
Congress Passes the Neutrality Acts
World War II
•Summarize the tone of the cartoons
Der Fuehrer’s Face
World War IISummarize the experiences as represented by the
following individuals:•George Hynes, U.S. Army
•Robert Morris, U.S. Coast Guard•Robert Sherrod, journalist
•Ann Darr, Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs)•Daniel Inouye, Japanese American (Nisei)
Neutrality?
Democracies have no real leverage
Allies desperate to avoid war
Germany gets Sudetenland
Appeasement
Neville Chamberlain:“Peace in our time”
Sept. 1938 ~ Munich Conference
Atlantic Charter
An 8-point plan for post-war worldPledges that
countries will not have borders changed
Self determination & a return to pre-war governments
League of nations type organization
“Your boys are not going to be sent into any foreign wars”
FDR’s 3-peatFDR’s 3-peat
1. Cash-&-Carry (1939) Purchases from England &
France help lift our economy
2.Destroyers for Bases (1940)
50 surplus American destroyers transferred to the Royal Navy
3. Lend-Lease Act (1941)A clear declaration of
hostility to Hitler Sank first U.S. ship that May
Wartime Economy
War Production Board (WPB)American factories
transformed to produce an enormous amount of munitionsHalted the manufacture of
nonessential itemsThe Office of Price
Administration (OPA) The War Labor Board (WLB)
Imposed ceilings on prices & wages
Wartime Economy
Printed by Oldsmobile, General Motors
Royal Typewriter Companyfor the U.S. Civil Service Commission
“There is religious and racial prejudice everywhere in the land, and if there is a greater obstacle anywhere to the attainment of the teamwork we must have, no one knows what it is.”
Arthur Pope, Committee for National Morale
Produced by theDouglas Aircraft Company
Produced by the General Motors Corporation, 1942
Norman Rockwell created a series of paintings onthe "Four Freedoms" theme.
He effectively translated abstract concepts of freedom into four scenes of everyday American life.
The Saturday Evening Post, one of the nation`s most popular magazines, commissioned and reproduced the paintings.
After winning public approval, the paintings served as the centerpiece of a massive U.S. war bond drive and were put into service to help explain the war`s aims.
Printed by the Government
Printing Office for the Officeof War Information
Printed by the Government Printing Officefor the Office of War Information
Printed by the GovernmentPrinting Officefor the War Manpower Commission
Produced by Winchester
Americans on the home front suffered little from the war, compared to the people of the other fighting nationsThe national debt rose from $49 billion in
1941 to $259 billion in 1945The government sold bonds or borrowed
money from its peopleCitizens were asked by the government to
ration everything
The Home Front
The Rise of Dictators
NationNation Dictator Dictator PoliticsPoliticsAggressive ActionsAggressive Actions
Soviet UnionSoviet Union
GermanyGermany
JapanJapan
ItalyItaly
Spain Spain
America & Britain adopted the strategy of “getting Germany first”America diverted its
strength to reprimand Japan, Hitler might crush both the Soviet Union & Britain
America then utilized “leapfrogging” or “island hopping” to neutralize Japanese control of the Pacific
Allied Strategies
Under Axis control by Under Axis control by 19411941
World War IIWorld War II•List 5 major events between WWI-II
•On your map locate the major battles & designate them as Axis or Allied victories
Cartoon Conversation Cartoon Conversation FOLDABLEFOLDABLEDraw cartoons individually in each box or as one that includes all six groups
Women Women African African
AmericansAmericans
Mexican Mexican AmericansAmericans
Japanese Japanese AmericansAmericans
Jewish AmericansJewish Americans Native AmericansNative Americans
Womanpower:1. The armed services
enlisted nearly 216,000 women in WWII
Most commonly known were the WAACs (Army), WAVES (Navy), & SPARs (Coast Guard), WASPs (Air Force)
2. The Army Nurse Corps had 74,000 active duty nurses overseas
Millions of women also took jobs working in the war industry
"Rosie the Riveter"
Roles of Women
Women wore hard-hats & overalls & operated heavy machinery
Represented a radical departure from the traditional American feminine ideal of housewife & motherThe immediate post-
war period, however, witnessed a rush into suburban domesticity & the mothering of the “baby boomers”
Roles of Women
African American welders, Conn.
1. 44,000 Native Americans served (1/3 of able-bodied men from 18-50 years of age)
2. The Navajo Code Talkers created a code by translating words into English, then using the first letter of each English word to decipher the meaningThey were used in the
Pacific & were a major reason for the success of the Marines
According to Major Connor, "Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines would never have taken Iwo Jima."
Roles of Native Americans
Roles of Mexican Americans1. Almost 500,000 Hispanic Americans served
during World War II (constituting 2.3% to 4.7% of the U.S. Armed Forces)
2. Racism against Mexican Americans, however, & the fear of teen crime led to the zoot suit riots.
June 1943: 2500 soldiers & sailors attacked Mexican American neighborhoods in LA
Roles of African AmericansA. Philip Randolph threatened
to march on Washington to protest prejudiceRoosevelt banned discrimination
in government agencies with the Executive Order 8802established the Fair
Employment Practices Commission
Soldiers of color enlisted, but in segregated units (Tuskegee Airmen)
Double Victory campaign: Victory against dictators abroad, &racism at home
Roles of Jewish AmericansPalestine was the most favored destination of
Holocaust survivors, followed by the U.S. Although thousands of Jews were admitted into
the U.S. under the German-Austrian quota, the U.S. did not pursue an organized & specific rescue policy for Jewish victims of Nazi Germany until early 1944
President Roosevelt created the WRB, which helped to rescue many thousands of Jews in Hungary, Romania, & elsewhere in Europe. However, immigration restrictions were still in effect
after the war, & legislation to expedite the admission of Jewish DPs was slow in coming.
Many Jewish Americans campaigned for the U.S. & Britain to help establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine
“A Date Which Will Live in Infamy”
Roles of Japanese-Americans
After Pearl Harbor, fear of a Japanese invasion & of subversive acts by Japanese Americans prompted the government to move more than 110,000 into internment campsThey were forcibly removed from
homes, businesses, and allowed only the possessions they could manage to carry
The camps deprived them of basic rights, & the internees lost hundreds of millions of dollars in property
Roles of Japanese-Americans
Executive Order 9066
Executive Order 9066
Executive Order 9066
Supreme Court ruling Korematsu v. U.S. (1944), the court upheld the constitutionality of the concentration campsFred Korematsu was
arrested for not reporting to a relocation center
The court ruled during WWII, that the internment of Japanese Americans such as Korematsu was legal because they posed a potential threat to the United States
Roles of Japanese-Americans
Roles of Japanese-AmericansAs the war progressed, many of the young
Nisei volunteered to serveThe 442nd Regiment received more medals
for bravery than any other American unit its size during World War II.
Early in 1939, the world's scientific community discovered that German physicists learned secrets of splitting a uranium atomAlbert Einstein sent a letter to President
Roosevelt urging the development of atomic research
Roosevelt saw neither the necessity nor the utility for such a project, but agreed to proceed slowly [code name — the Manhattan Project]
At Potsdam, President Truman met with Stalin & British leaders & issued an ultimatum to JapanWith the Japanese still refusing to surrender,
the first atomic bomb was dropped Stalin then invaded the Japanese defenses
of Manchuria & Korea
Allied Strategies
Little Boy dropped on Hiroshima
Fat Man dropped on Nagasaki
After the Japanese still refused to surrender, the second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki ~ August 9, 1945
August 10, 1945 ~ Tokyo surrendered under the condition that Hirohito be allowed to remain the emperor
The formal end to the war came September 2, 1945American forces suffered 1
million casualties in WWIIAfter the war, much of the
world was destroyed while America was virtually left untouched
Post-war issues:InflationCompetition for jobsWomen’s rolesJewish homeland?Soviet influence
V-J Day!