Topics

• Week 15

• Review: Renaissance

• Globe Encounters

• Study Guides are online

http://www.professormgvaladez.com/hist-01.html

• PP# 5 Wed

• Final Exam Wed. Dec. 17 8am-10am

1

Participation Assignment #5

Due Dec. 10 Wed.

2

• What were the crises of the 1300s-1400s?

What is the Renaissance? Why is the

Renaissance a response to these crises?

What are the major cultural changes in the

West brought about by the Renaissance

1350s-1600s?

Spain 1492

3

Columbus’ Voyages

4

• Columbus • Columbus lands on San Salvador (Watling Island)

• In 1493, on Columbus 2nd voyage, the first island-town

was called Isabella. It failed completely(1496)

• The first successful settlement took place in Santo

Domingo in 1502.

• 1520s 10,000 Spanish in the Caribbean

• After 1492 increase contact between Europe & the

Americas

5

The Columbian Exchange

"Columbian exchange" movement of plants,

food, crops, diseases and people 6

7

Andres de Islas, "Four Racial Groups" 8

The Requirement “But, if you do not do this, and maliciously make delay in it, I certify to

you that, with the help of God, we shall powerfully enter into your

country, and shall make war against you in all ways and manners

that we can, and shall subject you to the yoke and obedience of

the Church and of their Highnesses; we shall take you and your

wives and your children, and shall make slaves of them, and as

such shall sell and dispose of them as their Highnesses may

command; and we shall take away your goods, and shall do you

all the mischief and damage that we can, as to vassals who do not

obey, and refuse to receive their lord, and resist and contradict

him; and we protest that the deaths and losses which shall accrue

from this are your fault, and not that of their Highnesses, or ours,

nor of these cavaliers who come with us. And that we have said

this to you and made this Requisition, we request the notary here

present to give us his testimony in writing, and we ask the rest

who are present that they should be witnesses of this Requisition."

9

The Requirement 1512

1. What does this document say about

European society and hierarchy?

2. What are the Europeans communicating

to the natives?

3. What are the consequences for not

obeying European demands?

10

11

Portuguese Global Empire

12

13

Jurubacas 17th Century

Interpreter

14

Primary Source 1627

15

Donatarios

16

17

Map 1.6 The New World-New France and

New Netherland, ca. 1650 18

Eastern

North

America,

1650

Numerous European

towns and settlements

dotted the Atlantic

coastline by mid-

century, while Indian

populations

disappeared or

dispersed toward the

interior of the continent. .

19

20

English Exploration

• English government no interest in financing colonies:

– Joint-Stock Company

• 1587, Sir Walter Raleigh sponsors colony on Roanoke

Island

– Ireland

– Roanoke Colony: John White

• 1588, defeat of Spanish Armada establishes England as

major Atlantic power

• Roanoke Colony failed

– Croatan

21

English Settlements

• In 1607 Virginia Company of London receives charter

from King James I and establish Jamestown

22

Jamestown 1607

• In 1607 Virginia Company of London establish

Jamestown

• John Smith leader of colony

– Popularizes the term New England

• Pocahontas marries John Rolfe

– Tobacco cultivation

» Indentured servants

• 1619

– 20 African slaves arrive in Jamestown

– House of Burgesses: local assembly

• 1622 Massacre

– Jamestown policy of extermination

23

Protestant Reformation • In 1517 Martin Luther denounces indulgences and

initiates Protestant Reformation, 95 Theses

• John Calvin and his followers emphasize doctrine of

predestination

• European countries divide into rival Protestant and

Catholic camps

24

25

Protestant Reformation

• King Henry VIII proclaims himself head of separate

Church of England (Anglican Church)

– English Calvinists (Puritans)

26

27

Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I

Queen Elizabeth I used her charm and intelligence to turn England into a major world

power. This portrait, painted around 1588 when Elizabeth was 55 years old, shows the

queen at the (By kind permission of the Marquess of Tavistock and Trustees of the

Bedford Estate)

Armada Portrait

of Elizabeth I

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

28

New England

• Puritans: dissenters from the Church of

England. They wanted to purify the church.

• Calvin’s Predestination: salvation by the

grace of God

• “Saints” full members

• Queen Elizabeth threatened by Puritans

• Puritans divided into 2 groups

– Non-Separatists

– Separatists

• Pilgrims

29

Plymouth Plantation

30

31

Mayflower Compact • IN THE NAME OF GOD, AMEN. We, whose names are underwritten, the

Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord King James, by the Grace of

God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c.

Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the

Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a Voyage to plant

the first Colony in the northern Parts of Virginia; Do by these Presents,

solemnly and mutually, in the Presence of God and one another, covenant

and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better

Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid: And by

Virtue hereof do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws,

Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Officers, from time to time, as shall be

thought most meet and convenient for the general Good of the Colony; unto

which we promise all due Submission and Obedience. IN WITNESS whereof

we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape-Cod the eleventh of

November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord King James, of England,

France, and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth, Anno

Domini; 1620.

32

Mayflower Compact

1620, Mayflower lands 102 English men and women at

Plymouth, Massachusetts

Adult males sign Mayflower Compact establishing colony of

Plymouth Plantation and their own civil government and

pledging to abide by its laws.

33

Discussion Questions 1. Why do you think the authors of the Mayflower

Compact began the document with the words

"IN THE NAME OF GOD, AMEN."?

2. How does this document differ from the Spanish

Requirement? How is it similar?

3. Why would the Pilgrims consider this colony as

an "Advancement of the Christian Faith"?

34

New England

John Winthrop's "A Model of Christian Charity" (City

on a Hill)

• “For we must consider that we shall be as a city

upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us. So

that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work

we have undertaken, and so cause Him to withdraw

His present help from us, we shall be made a story

and a by-word through the world.

35

36

Eastern

North

America,

1650

Numerous European

towns and settlements

dotted the Atlantic

coastline by mid-

century, while Indian

populations

disappeared or

dispersed toward the

interior of the continent. .

37

New Amsterdam

New Amsterdam

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

38

• The Dutch Empire

– Henry Hudson sailed into New York Harbor

(1609).

– The Dutch West India Company settled

colonists on Manhattan Island (1626).

• religious toleration were unique to the Dutch.

• trade with Native Americans for furs

• The Dutch came to trade, not to conquer, and were

determined to treat the Indians more humanely.

39

40