alternative soil amendments - safety – stewardship...

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Alternative Soil AmendmentsFWAA Winter Conference

Tim Lichatowich

BioAg Product Strategies

B-CONNECT CONCEPTS WILL ONLY BE ACCEPTED IF SUBMITTED THROUGH OUR ONLINE PORTAL

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Company Identification

1. Company Name 2. Contact for more information about product (name, phone, email) 3. In which state (or, if not within the United States, country) is your company

based? 4. How long has your company been in business? 5. Do you define your company as a start-up?

a. If so, what are your primary funding sources? Product Identification

1. Product Name 2. Product Manufacturer 3. Product Labeled As (trade names if using chemical materials) 4. Where available for purchase, name and contact information for sales agent, if

appropriate 5. Please provide detailed description of product (e.g. active ingredient(s), how it

is manufactured/procured/derived, lab analysis of material, etc.) to the level you’re able.

6. Is this product’s ingredients and process for use in compliance with CA regulatory requirements?

7. What crops or range of crops do you expect to achieve best results with this product?

Product Summary (Optional)

You may include a brief description highlighting key information from the detailed summary this sheet requests. Maximum length 250 words. Longer summaries will not be included.

Please provide information to answer the following questions with as much detail as possible. Product Profile Questions 1. Benefits

1.1. Please provide 3rd party, independent research findings (e.g. data, with accompanying statistical analysis, summary of key results and discussion) demonstrating the effect of the product. Include description of conditions under which tested (e.g. what crops, soil, irrigation type, climate, etc.)? Please include as much detail as possible re: acreage required of trials, replications, randomization, sampling methods, dates of trial, management etc. If available, please include photos showing control vs. treatment.


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1.1.1. Please provide URL links to any 3rd party, independent research findings, peer reviewed findings, and/or local trial details.

1.2. What are the expected benefits of using the product? Please be as precise as possible (e.g. increased yield/crop quality, reduced pest/disease damage, conservation benefit, etc.)

1.3. What are the processes (e.g. mode of action) by which the product achieves those benefits? Please use the principles of plant and soil science to describe (e.g. increases soil flocculation to improve infiltration, plant growth hormone to stimulate cell division, etc).

1.4. What is the expected monetary value of those benefits and how are they realized (e.g. reduced fertilizer cost, reduced water use, increased yield/quality, reduced pest/disease loss, etc)?

2. Costs

2.1. What are the expected costs per acre for the product as used during production of a crop? Please show calculations in terms that are most relevant for the product, for example, grower cost per unit, application rate or acres treated per unit, expected number of applications. If expected cost for use of the product differs among crops or production conditions, please describe those differences.

2.2. What is the recommended application rate? If appropriate please provide range for different settings, crops or conditions.

2.3. What are the costs per acre for the product at the recommended application rate?

2.4. What additional expenses could be incurred in use of the product (e.g. new equipment needs, staff training, staff time, etc.)?

2.5. What changes in production practices are needed to use the product (e.g. compatibility with existing management practices/materials, new or modified equipment needs, altered management schedule, etc.)?

3. Factors that Affect Performance

3.1. Under what conditions does the product provide the most benefits? Please provide data to document any statements.

3.2. Under what conditions is the product least likely to provide benefits, or may actually be deleterious? Please provide data to document any statements.

3.3. What are the soil, weather, biotic, management, and other factors that most meaningfully affect the performance of the product? Please provide data to document any statements.

4. Instructions for Use of the Product

4.1. What are the instructions that you would provide to growers to commercially use the product in the Salinas and Pajaro Valleys?

4.2. How would overall production practices needed for and resulting from use of the product differ from current practices? Please include any notable impact on production of subsequent crops, overall farming practices, or other changes not

Alternative Soil Amendments

• Alternative soil amendments are amendments that are not standard fertilizer.

Alternative Soil Amendments

1. Plant and Animal By‐Product

2. Aerobic and Anaerobic Digested Products

3. Rock and Mineral Powders

4. Seaweed and Algal Products

5. Microbial Inoculants

Liebig’s Law of Minimum

• “The availability of the most abundant nutrient in the soil is only as good as the availability of the least abundant nutrient in the soil.“

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Plant and Animal Products

1. Microbial food source

2. Releases nutrients slowly

3. Usually higher in nitrogen than digested products

4. May contain pesticides

5. Can burn and cause excess nitrate leaching

Seaweed and Algal Products

Seaweed and Algal Products

1. Kelp products‐ Acadian – Ascophylum nodosum (plus 5+)‐ Kelpak – Ecklonia maxima (S Africa)‐ KelpGro – Macrocystis integrifolia (British

Columbia)

2. Algal products – Blue green algae3. Hormones

Rock and Mineral powders

1. Phosphate sources

2. Potassium sources

3. Secondary and minor nutrients

4. Zeolite

5. Humates


1. Phosphate sources

‐ Colloidal Phosphate – Clay particles surrounded by natural Phosphate. 20% P/ 2‐3% available.

‐ Rock Phosphate – Derived from ancient marine deposits. 30%P/1‐2% available.

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1. Potassium sources‐ Greensand – Clay material slowly available potash. 7%/1% available

‐ Granite/Feldspar – Tightly bound within the mineral structure. 1‐5%/0‐1%

‐ Biotite(black mica) – Several per cent potash that is available in biologically active soils.


1. Secondary and minor nutrients‐ Basalt Dust – Provides a wide range of trace

minerals. Will benefit both field and compost applications

‐ Azomite – Highly mineralized silica ore. Formed when an ancient volcanic deposit formed on a sea bed in what is now Utah. 0‐0‐.02‐ 1.8CA ‐ .5 Mg


1. Zeolite‐ Have a porous structure where it will hold cations

such as Na, K, Ca and Mg.‐ When combined with Rock Phosphate the Zeolite

removes the Ca from RP and releases P.‐ Can be combined with urea and heated to make a

2‐3 month slow release N fertilizer.


• Humic acids ‐ the fraction of humic substances that is not soluble in water under acidic conditions (pH < 2) but is soluble at higher pH values. They can be extracted from soil by various reagents and which is insoluble in dilute acid. Humic acids are the major extractable component of soil humic substances. They are dark brown to black in color.

• Fulvic acids ‐ the fraction of humic substances that is soluble in water under all pH conditions. They remains in solution after removal of humic acid by acidification. Fulvic acids are light yellow to yellow‐brown in color.

• Humin ‐ the fraction of humic substances that is not soluble in water at any pH value and in alkali. Humins are black in color.

• Properties of Humic Substances(Jerzy Weber)

1. Humates

Rock and Mineral PowdersRock and Mineral Powder

Agrimend Mine Colorado

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Aerobic and Anaerobic Plant and Animal Products

Anaerobic Digestion Composting

• Digestate Compost

• Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide

• Methane Heat Wikipedia comparison Anaerobic and Aerobic Digestion

Strawberry Trial Surendra Dara 12/9/16

Addendum to Fall 2015 Report on Strawberry Production with Strawberry Production with

WormPower

David Holden

February 5, 2016

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Relative to Grower Standard Cumulative all Picks

125%

130%

135%

140%

145%

150%

Holden Research and Consulting Biostimulant Studies on Strawberries Fall 2015 Net Production Differentials from the

Grower Standard Before and After Heat Stress Event in October - Pre Heat Emphasis 36% showed a

better than 10 % increasein yield

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

105%

110%

115%

120%

125%

Tre

at 1

6T

reat

23

Tre

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5T

reat

2T

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4T

reat

32

Tre

at 6

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reat

24

Tre

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18

Tre

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22

Tre

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38

Gro

wer

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33

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17

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35

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orm

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orm

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15

All Picks

in yield

Relative to Grower Standard Cumulative Post Heat Picks

125%

130%

135%

140%

145%

150%

Holden Research and Consulting Biostimulant Studies on Strawberries Fall 2015 Net Production Differentials from the

Grower Standard Before and After Heat Stress Event in October - Post Heat Emphasis

71% showed abetter than 10 % increase

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

105%

110%

115%

120%

125%

Gro

wer

…

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at 8

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Post Heat Picks

in yield after theheat event!

Aerobic and Anaerobic Plant and Animal Waste Products

Amino Acids– 20 Amino Acids ‐ 9 Essential – Create Enzymes and Proteins

– Enzymes catalyze and regulate chemical reactions– Protein functions includes storage, support, defense, transport among others

AMINO ACID FUNCTION IN PLANTS

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Vermicompost Solids and Extracts

1. Difference between compost and vermicompost

2. Human pathogens

3. Activity based on substrate

4. Beneficial results

5. Process

Microbial Inoculants

1. Free Living Microbes‐ Free Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria

‐ Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria

‐ Mycorrhiza

Phosphate‐solubilizing bacteria (rod‐shaped) solubilizing non‐soluble phosphate (white bright zones)(Dr Yoav Bashan 2005)


1. Rhizobia‐ Bacteria that fix nitrogen ‐ Form endosymbiotic N fixing

association with roots of legumes.

‐ Converts atmospheric N into N compounds used by the plant in exchange for organic compounds from photosynthesis.


1. Mychorriza‐ A fungal endosynbiotic relationship with most plants.‐ Endo and Ecto mycorrhizae

‐ Other Mycorrhizae

‐ Nitrogen and Phosphorous‐ Symbiotic bacterial relationship]

‐ Plant Stress


1. Free Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria‐ Azospirillum brasilense(Azos)‐ Paenibacillus polymyxa(Nytryx)

‐ Twin N‐ Take free nitrogen and convert to ammonium in

exchange for compounds from photosynthesis

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93

Author's personal copy

How the Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Azospirillum Promotes

Azospirillum

Effect on root architecture ? Enhanced mineral and water uptake

Phytohormones+ accessory molecules ?

Effects on

IAA GA ABA membranes NR

? ? ? Ethyl No Cyto LectinsP and

mineral aminesReduced

Poly solubilization Nitrogen

environmental Nitrite fixationstress

Multiple Salinity Drought biological

Additive controlpH hypothesis Herb Tox mechanisms Ex-Com Li Multiple mechanisms

hypothesisIAA; Indol-3-acetic acidGA; GibberellinsABA; Abscisic acid ?Ex-Li; Excessive lightHerb; HerbicideCom; CompostTox; Toxic substancesEthyl; EthyleneCyto; CytokininsNO; Nitric oxideNR; Nitrate reductase

Figure 1 Mechanismsby which Azospirillumspp. may enhance plant growth and theirpossible interactions grouped as biological processes. Circles represent processes con-taining experimental data. Squares represent theories. Size of a circle represents itsrelative importance according to current data. Solid arrow: mechanism(s) that can fullycreate the observed growth promotion; dash arrow: mechanism(s) that can only par-tially explain the observed growth promotion. Simple arrows: proven interactionsamong different mechanisms; double-line arrow: direct production of molecules orprocessesby the bacterium cell; ?: unproven asyet, or partially proven pathway.


1. Phosphorous solubilizing bacteria

‐ Produces low molecular weight organic acids that chelate the cations on phosphate making them soluble and releasing the phosphate.


!

Company Identification

1. Company Name 2. Contact for more information about product (name, phone, email) 3. In which state (or, if not within the United States, country) is your company

based? 4. How long has your company been in business? 5. Do you define your company as a start-up?

a. If so, what are your primary funding sources? Product Identification

1. Product Name 2. Product Manufacturer 3. Product Labeled As (trade names if using chemical materials) 4. Where available for purchase, name and contact information for sales agent, if

appropriate 5. Please provide detailed description of product (e.g. active ingredient(s), how it

is manufactured/procured/derived, lab analysis of material, etc.) to the level you’re able.

6. Is this product’s ingredients and process for use in compliance with CA regulatory requirements?

7. What crops or range of crops do you expect to achieve best results with this product?

Product Summary (Optional)

You may include a brief description highlighting key information from the detailed summary this sheet requests. Maximum length 250 words. Longer summaries will not be included.

Please provide information to answer the following questions with as much detail as possible. Product Profile Questions 1. Benefits

1.1. Please provide 3rd party, independent research findings (e.g. data, with accompanying statistical analysis, summary of key results and discussion) demonstrating the effect of the product. Include description of conditions under which tested (e.g. what crops, soil, irrigation type, climate, etc.)? Please include as much detail as possible re: acreage required of trials, replications, randomization, sampling methods, dates of trial, management etc. If available, please include photos showing control vs. treatment.


!

1.1.1. Please provide URL links to any 3rd party, independent research findings, peer reviewed findings, and/or local trial details.

1.2. What are the expected benefits of using the product? Please be as precise as possible (e.g. increased yield/crop quality, reduced pest/disease damage, conservation benefit, etc.)

1.3. What are the processes (e.g. mode of action) by which the product achieves those benefits? Please use the principles of plant and soil science to describe (e.g. increases soil flocculation to improve infiltration, plant growth hormone to stimulate cell division, etc).

1.4. What is the expected monetary value of those benefits and how are they realized (e.g. reduced fertilizer cost, reduced water use, increased yield/quality, reduced pest/disease loss, etc)?

2. Costs

2.1. What are the expected costs per acre for the product as used during production of a crop? Please show calculations in terms that are most relevant for the product, for example, grower cost per unit, application rate or acres treated per unit, expected number of applications. If expected cost for use of the product differs among crops or production conditions, please describe those differences.

2.2. What is the recommended application rate? If appropriate please provide range for different settings, crops or conditions.

2.3. What are the costs per acre for the product at the recommended application rate?

2.4. What additional expenses could be incurred in use of the product (e.g. new equipment needs, staff training, staff time, etc.)?

2.5. What changes in production practices are needed to use the product (e.g. compatibility with existing management practices/materials, new or modified equipment needs, altered management schedule, etc.)?

3. Factors that Affect Performance

3.1. Under what conditions does the product provide the most benefits? Please provide data to document any statements.

3.2. Under what conditions is the product least likely to provide benefits, or may actually be deleterious? Please provide data to document any statements.

3.3. What are the soil, weather, biotic, management, and other factors that most meaningfully affect the performance of the product? Please provide data to document any statements.

4. Instructions for Use of the Product

4.1. What are the instructions that you would provide to growers to commercially use the product in the Salinas and Pajaro Valleys?

4.2. How would overall production practices needed for and resulting from use of the product differ from current practices? Please include any notable impact on production of subsequent crops, overall farming practices, or other changes not

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Questions?Tim Lichatowich

BioAg Product Strategies503.705.0384(text also)[email protected]

“Despite all our achievements we owe our existence to a six‐inch layer of topsoil and the fact that it rains” — Farm equipment association of Minnesota and South Dakota

alternative soil amendments - safety – stewardship...

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