alternative application technology daniel l. kline usda-ars, cmave gainesville, fl...
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Alternative Application Technology
Daniel L. Kline
USDA-ARS, CMAVE
Gainesville, FL
Alternative ApplicationTechnology
• Area repellents
– Tent studies
• Insecticide-treated vegetation
– Semi-field: CMAVE protocol
– Field: Studies in Arkansas versus Anopheles
Pristine Sand Fly Habitat … EverywherePristine Sand Fly Habitat … Everywhere
Before Tent CitiesBefore Tent Cities
Military Relevance
Air Force Tent City
Army Tent City
Area Repellents: Tent StudiesMetofluthrin (SumiOne™)A highly volatile pyrethroid
F
F
F
F
O
O
MeO
Participants• CMAVE
– Dan Kline, Jerry Hogsette and Brian Quinn– Joyce Urban and Melissa Doyle
• NECE– CDR Steve Rankin– LCDR Dan Szumlas– Dr. Todd Walker
• Valent– John Lucas
Tent Studies: Metofluthrin (Sumi OneTM)
• Types of emanators
• Placement of emanators
• Number of emanators
• Environmental effects
TENT A A TENT BTENT B
100 feet
60 ft long60 ft long
18’ 6” long18’ 6” long
Tent configurations West CageWest Cage East CageEast Cage
30 ft wide30 ft wide
13’ 6” wide
SumiOne™ Paper Emanators
Surface area 4000 cm3 (both faces)
Treated with 200 mg SumiOne®
Placement of emanators
SumiOne™ Plastic Emanators
7.9 cm wide x 11 cm long (192 holes, each .25 cm2)
Plastic impregnated with 5% (w/w) SumiOne®
Mosquito Magnetsand emanators
Mosquitoes Releasedin Each Cage
Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus (500)
Aedes aegypti (500)
Measures of Emanator Efficacy
• Landing counts on human volunteers (inside and outside tent)
• Mosquito Magnet Pro collections (within tents)• Residue analysis
0102030405060708090
100
40" 78"Inches above the ground
% re
duct
ion
24 hours 48 hours
60
8
19 30
Percent reduction in trap collectionswith SumiOne paper at two heights
0102030405060708090
100
0 24 48
Hours of exposure
Per
cent
78"
40"
Percent residue of metofluthrin in paper emanators
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 27 31 32 33 38 39 44 45 46 58 59 60
Days in tent
% re
duct
ion
Average percent reduction in trap collectionusing SumiOne plastic emanator
Untreated TreatedTreated
InsideInside OutsideOutside InsideInside Outside
NetsTreated Untreated
Overall Summary
1. SumiOne® shows potentially good knockdown and bite inhibition activity against mosquitoes.
2. Type and placement of SumiOne emanators is very important.
3. Further research is needed on type and placement of emanators.
4. Additional candidate compounds need to be evaluated.
X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X
X X
X X
X
X X
X X
X X
X
West
East
NorthSouth
Wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera) 7 plants per side
60’
30’
10’
10’
Coleman MD-2500
Large outdoor screen cage (16’ high)
Participants
• CMAVE– Dan Kline, Jerry Hogsette, Sandy Allan and
Brian Quinn– Joyce Urban, Aaron Lloyd and Melissa Doyle
• Arkansas– David Dame (Entomological Services)– Max Meisch (University of Arkansas)
CMAVE ProtocolMini-plots
Bifenthrin (Talstar) residual treatment on Myrica cerifera (wax myrtle).Summer, 2005.
Date
8/02 8/03 8/04 8/05 8/09 8/16 8/23 8/30 9/07
No.
of
moq
uito
es c
aptu
red
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
Plants + Talstar, no. alive
Plants + Talstar, no. dead
Plants with no Talstar, no. alive
Bifenthrin residual treatment on wax myrtle
Mini-plots (10’ x 10’) 0.1 acre plots
Arkansas Studies David Dame (Entomological Services) and Max Meisch, Univ. of Arkansas
Bifenthrin .11 and .22 lb/acre Bifenthrin .22 lb/acre
Trap Collections
Bifenthrin (Talstar One) treated mini plots. Summer 2006.
0500
100015002000250030003500400045005000
1 2 3 4
Week
Avg
. tra
p c
ap
ture
Control Low tmt High tmt
Bifenthrin treated mini-plots
Bifenthrin (Talstar One) treated field plots. Summer 2006.
0500
100015002000250030003500400045005000
1 2 3
Week
Avg
. tra
p c
ap
ture
Control High tmt
Bifenthrin treated field plots
BioassayBioassay
0102030405060708090
100
1 2 3
Week
% m
orta
lity
Control High dose
Percent mortality of An. quadrimaculatus after 1 hr exposure to Bifenthrin-treated
leaves from field plots
0102030405060708090
100
1 2 3
Week
% m
orta
lity
Control High dose
Percent mortality of An. quadrimaculatus after 24 hour exposure to Bifenthrin (Talstar) treated leaves from field plots.
0
1020
30
40
5060
70
8090
100
1 2 3Week
% m
ortalit
y
Control High dose
Percent mortality of Oc. taeniorhyncus after one hour exposure to Bifenthrin (Talstar) treated leaves from field plots.
Percent mortality of Oc. taeniorhyncus after 24 hour exposure to Bifenthrin (Talstar) treated leaves from field plots.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3
Week
% m
orta
lity
Control High dose
Residue AnalysisResidue Analysis
Future Studies
Comparison of regular backpack sprayers with electrostatic sprayers