als-inhibitor-tolerance in sugar beet - ewrs · 3 what should we understand by als-inhibitor...
TRANSCRIPT
Prof. Dr. Rüdiger Hain
Bayer CropScience AG
Frankfurt/Main, Germany
ALS-inhibitor-Tolerance in Sugar Beet
An innovative concept in weed control
2
Outline
7/18/2013
The concept of ALS-inhibitor Tolerance in Sugar Beet Basics about the ALS-inhibitor Tolerance
• How it was found • How it was integrated into high yielding hybrids
The ALS-inhibitor Herbicides Concept
• What do we expect from this technology? Timeline Comparison with other Herbicide Tolerance concepts, e.g. Clearfield® & Roundup®
Weed resistance management
3
What should we understand by ALS-inhibitor Tolerance in Sugar Beet?
7/18/2013
Dedicated Herbicide** based
on ALS-inhibitor a.i.s
* varieties completely tolerant to ALS-inhibitor herbicide
Modern Sugar Beet Hybrids* +
** broad efficacy against all major weeds
4
Basics of ALS-inhibitor Herbicide Tolerance
7/18/2013
The concept is based on changes in the gene for acetolactate
synthase, which happen naturally, but rarely, during cell division
The tolerance was not created, but occurred spontaneously in
cultivated sugar beet cell cultures
Out of 1.5 billon cells one single herbicide tolerant cell was
detected, which formed the basis for the development of the new
system.
This is equivalent to one single sugar beet plant out of 15.000 ha
beet production
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Basics of ALS-inhibitor Herbicide Tolerance
7/18/2013
In ALS-inhibitor Tolerant sugar beets the ALS-inhibiting herbicide
can not bind with ALS enzyme responsible for production of
essential amino acids, production of proteins is not blocked
therefore sugar beet continues growing normally
Substrate
Enzyme
Plant lives
Plant dies
Substrate Substrate cannot bind
Enzyme
Herbicide
Substrate
Enzyme
Plant lives Enzyme
Herbicide
Herbicide cannot bind
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Basics of ALS-inhibitor Herbicide Tolerance
7/18/2013
• The resistant sugar beet cells were selected in cell and tissue
cultures and subsequently regenerated to sugar beet plants
• This new plant is the “donor” in the backcrossing method, to
transmit the characteristic in the existing gene pool
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Principle of marker assisted backcrossing
7/18/2013
x Initial recombination
Backcrossing
Elite line Wild-type, resistance donor
50%
Gene with the desired tolerance
x
Desired genotypes (converted lines) Undesired genotypes
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The ALS-inhibitor Herbicide Concept
7/18/2013
Active ingredients: The herbicide will contain per liter:
Leaf and residual activity: Foramsulfuron is mainly a leaf contact
herbicide whereas Thiencarbazone-methyl is working both via leaf
and in the soil with residual effect
Formulation type: It will be a liquid product formulated as an oil
dispersion
50g Foramsulfuron (FSN) 30g Thiencarbazone-methyl (TCM) +
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The ALS-inhibitor Herbicide Concept
7/18/2013
Dose rate: Target dose rate per season limited to 1,0L/ha, applied
as a single spray or as a split of two treatments in a time period of
approx. 14 days
Spray timing: Application between cotyledon stage and 8 leaves
of sugar beet. The optimum for an application is reached at the 1-3
leaf stage of weeds
Additives: No oils or additives have to be tank
mixed to activate the herbicide
Mixtures: due to the broad control spectrum
in most cases there is no need for mixtures.
But if needed FSN+TCM can be easily
combined with other herbicides (e.g. for weed
resistance management)
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What do we expect from this new technology?
7/18/2013
The combination of two complementary active
ALS-inhibitors in one product leads to:
Suppression of the main perennials emerging in
sugar beet
Very broad efficacy in control of annual broadleaved
weeds and all major annual grass weeds
Suppression or complete control of volunteers such as
oilseed rape, sugar beet, cereals, sunflower and potato
(except ALSI tolerant varieties)
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What do we expect from this new technology?
7/18/2013
The combination of leaf-active and residual control
components in one highly active product results in:
Lower application rate, less release of herbicidal active
substances into the environment
Fewer herbicide applications compared to conventional
methods: season long control with only 1-2 applications
A wide and flexible window for herbicidal applications
12
What do we expect from this new technology?
7/18/2013
Crop safety:
No impact on crop development since 100%-tolerance to
corresponding Foramsulfuron + Thiencarbazone containing
herbicide
Full utilization of yield potential
ALSI tolerant hybrid
--------------------------
Susceptible normal hybrid
Untreated 1,0L/ha 2,0L/ha 4,0L/ha
FSN+TCM co-formulation
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What do we expect from this new technology?
Weed control efficacy of a 2x treatment of 25g/ha FSN + 15gai/ha TCM, corresponding to 2x0,5L/ha, in herbicide tolerant sugar beet, assessment at row closure, 89 trials, Europe, 2006-2012
Susceptible Weeds Less Susceptible
Weeds
Agropyron repens Echinochloa crus-galli (18) Sorghum halepense
Alopecurus myosuroides (8) Poa annua (3) Triticum aestivum
Aethusa cynapium (10) Fumaria officinalis (7) Galisoga ciliata Cirsium arvense (5)
Amaranthus lividus (2) Galium aparine (18) Galisoga parviflora (3) Veronica hederifolia (2)
Amaranthus retroflexus (19) Hibiscus trionum Geranium dissectum Veronica persica (26)
Ambrosia elatior (2) Lamium amplexicaule (4) Helianthus annus
Ammi majus (2) Lamium purpureum (22) Senecio vulgaris (8)
Anagallis arvensis (8) Matricaria chamomilla (32) Sinapis arvensis (2)
Anthemis arvensis (2) Matricaria sp. (2) Solanum nigrum (15)
Brassica napus (6) Mercurialis annua (10) Sonchus arvensis (2)
Capsella bursa pastoris (6) Papaver rhoeas Sonchus asper (3)
Chenopodium album (75) Polygonum aviculare (17) Sissymbrium officinalis
Chenopodium hybridum (4) Polygonum convolvulus (56) Stellaria media (18)
Chenopodium polyspermum Polygonum lapathifolium (8) Thlaspi arvense (11)
Datura stramonium (2) Polygonum persicaria (16) Urtica urens (5)
Descurainia sophia (2) Portulaca oleracea Viola arvensis (25)
Euphorbia helioscopia Raphanus raphanistrum
() = number of efficacy results
Most important weeds species in European sugar beet under control
7/18/2013
14
What do we expect from this new technology?
7/18/2013
Weed control efficacy of a 2x treatment of 25g/ha FSN + 15gai/ha TCM, corresponding to 2x0,5L/ha, in herbicide tolerant sugar beet, 30 most important weed species, 89 trials, Europe, 2006-2012
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
ALO
MY (
8)
PO
AA
N (
3)
EC
HC
G (
18)
CAPBP (
6)
LAM
AM
(4)
SEN
VU
(8)
SIN
AR (
2)
FU
MO
F (
7)
PO
LLA
(8)
BRS
NW
(6)
TH
LA
R (
11)
GALA
P (
18)
LAM
PU
(22)
SO
NA
S (
3)
AETC
Y (
10)
UR
TU
R (
5)
CH
EH
Y (
4)
MATC
H (
32)
AN
GAR
(8)
PO
LC
O (
56)
SO
LN
I (1
5)
PO
LPE (
16)
VIO
AR
(25)
AM
AR
E (
19)
MERA
N (
10)
PO
LA
V (
17)
STEM
E (
18)
CH
EA
L (
75)
CIR
AR
(5)
VER
PE (
26)
% e
ffic
acy a
ssessed a
t ro
w c
losure
15
Experimental ALS-inhibitor Tolerant Hybrid
7/18/2013
Weed control performance in a field with strong Chenopodium / Amaranthus infestation
ALSI tolerant hybrid untreated
ALSI tolerant hybrid + FSN/TCM 2x0,5L/ha
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Experimental ALS-inhibitor Tolerant Hybrid
7/18/2013
Weed control performance in a field with strong Polygonum convolvulus / Chenopodium album infestation
ALSI tolerant hybrid untreated
ALSI tolerant hybrid + FSN/TCM 2x0,5L/ha
17
Experimental ALS-inhibitor Tolerant Hybrid
7/18/2013
Weed control performance in a field with strong Sonchus infestation
ALSI tolerant hybrid untreated
ALSI tolerant hybrid + FSN/TCM
18
When should the new system be available in the market?
7/18/2013
The system will be made available to local crop institutes and
consulting partners in the next years to jointly verify ways to
further optimize cultivation practices in sugar beet
The authorization procedure of both components, varieties and
herbicide, will be synchronized
It is intended to develop the technology in all relevant
sugar beet markets
2001
2017–2020
2012
Start basic research
Patent & Pressrelease
Development & Evaluation trials
Approval & Market launch
19
Is this the same system as Clearfield®?
7/18/2013
The basic idea is similar:
What is involved is the use of an ALS-inhibitor herbicide in a non-genetically modified, herbicide tolerant crop
But the result is different:
Due to the nature of the crop, in sugar beet the harvest takes place before plants enter the flowering stage. This means there is no pollen flow and no seed production; therefore little risk of presence of volunteer beet seeds on harvested field and no spreading of seeds by contaminated harvesters
FSN+TCM offers an almost complete control spectrum, under normal conditions no need for a mixing partner or sequence application with other herbicides
FSN+TCM as a herbicide product with well-balanced foliar and residual activity ensures continuous weed control with lower dependency on soil moisture status
20
What if we compare this technology with Roundup®?
7/18/2013
It is a non-GMO solution, it corresponds to a natural selection and
conventional breeding
By the combination of foliar activity and residual activity
components in the soil, fewer sprayings should be necessary, which
will eventually lead to savings on energy and CO2 reductions
Lower release of herbicidal active substances into the environment
Possible sugar beet yield decrease generated by residues of ALS
herbicides commonly used in other crops can be avoided
21
Permanent utilization of herbicides with the same mode of action in
all crops during crop rotation produces a higher selection pressure.
This is also the case for herbicides inhibiting the ALS, therefore
principles of integrated weed management should be followed:
Well-ordered crop rotation
Use of different herbicidal mode of actions across crop rotation
Change of active substance or tank mixture ALS inhibitors with other mode of action
Adequate soil cultivation and cropping records
Weed species, which can develop resistance rapidly, should be
observed considering several aspects, e.g.:
Genetic variability within the species
Emergence and growth properties
Population size
Seed production and persistence of the seeds
Weed resistance management
7/18/2013
22
Conclusion
7/18/2013
Broad weed control spectrum
Fewer herbicide applications
Wide & flexible application window
Complete tolerance Effective weed management
Efficient and convenient weed control
Utilize full yield potential Successful beet production
Thank you for your attention!
24 7/18/2013
Backup slide 13 & 14
EPPO code English name Latin name
AETCY Fool s parsley Aethusa cynapium
ALOMY Blackgrass Alopecurus myosuroides
AMARE Common amarant Amaranthus retroflexus
ANGAR Scarlet pimpernel Anagallis arvensis
BRSNW oilseed rape Brassica napus
CAPBP Shepherd’s purse Capsella bursa-pastoris
CHEAL Common lambsquarters Chenopodium album
CHEHY Maple-leaved goosefoot Chenopodium hybridum
CIRAR Creeping thistle Cirsium arvense
ECHCG Cockspur Echinochloa crus-galli
FUMOF Common fumitory Fumaria officinalis
GALAP Cleavers Galium aparine
LAMAM Henbit dead-nettle Lamium amplexicaule
LAMPU Red dead-nettle Lamium purpureum
MATCH Scented mayweed Matricaria chamomilla
MERAN Annual mercury Mercurialis annua
POAAN Annual meadowgrass Poa annua
POLAV Knotgrass Polygonum aviculare
POLCO Black bindweed Fallopia convolvulus
POLLA Pale persicaria Polygonum lapathifolia
POLPE Redshank Polygonum persicaria
SENVU Common groundsel Senecio vulgaris
SINAR Charlock Sinapis arvensis
SOLNI Black nightshade Solanum nigrum
SONAS Prickly sow-thistle Sonchus asper
STEME Common chickweed Stellaria media
THLAR Field pennycress Thlaspi arvense
URTUR Annual nettle Urtica urens
VERPE Common field speedwell Veronica persica
VIOAR Field pansy Viola arvensis