ALOS-2 disaster observation applications and Sentinel Asia framework

Shinichi Sobue

sobue.shinichi@jaxa.jpALOS-2 Project Manager

Japan Aerospace Exploration AgencyAugust, 2018

Ocean Monitoring

Oil Spill Monitoring

ALOS-2ALOS-4SPAISE(AIS)

Sea Ice Monitoring

ALOS-2ALOS-4

Disaster Risk Management

Volcano Earthquake Flood/Landslide

ALOS, ALOS-2ALOS-3, ALOS-4

Climate Change

Greenhouse Gases

Precipitation (GSMaP)

Forest

GOSATGOSAT-2

GCOM-WGPM

ALOS/ALOS-2ALOS-4

1

JAXA’s Priority Issues for Societal BenefitTh

ree

Pri

ori

tie

s

SAR

SAR

SAR

SARSAR

SAR

Targets (JFY) 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Disasters & Resources

Climate Change& Water Cycle

•Water Cycle

•Climate Change

•GHGs

TechnologyDemonstration

Communications

StudyOn orbitMission status:

[Land and disaster monitoring]

[Vegetation, aerosol, cloud, SST, ocean color]

[CO2, CH4]

[Wind, SST , water vapor, precipitation,]

[Precipitation 3D structure]

[CO2, CH4, CO]

Development

ALOS-2 / PALSAR-2

GPM / DPR

GCOM-W / AMSR2

GOSAT /FTS, CAI

GCOM-C / SGLI

EarthCARE / CPR

ALOS-3/Advanced Optical

ALOS-4/Advanced SAR

Schedule of JAXA Satellites

[Cloud and aerosol 3D structure]

[1997〜2015]

[2012〜]

GOSAT-2

[2009〜]

GOSAT-3

SLATS (Super Low Attitude Test Satellite)

(Wideband InterNetworking engineering test and Demonstration Satellite)

Extended Life Period

Japanese Data Relay System (JDRS)

ETS-9(Engineering Test Satellite No.9)

TRMM / PR

WINDS

[2008〜]

AMSR2’s successor sensor

22

GCOM-C/SGLI (Second generation GLobal Imager)

OrbitSun-synchronous (descending local time: 10:30), Altitude: 798km, Inclination: 98.6deg

Mission Life 5 years

ScanPush-broom electric scan (VNR: VN & P)Wisk-broom mechanical scan (IRS: SW & T)

Scan width1150km cross track (VNR: VN & P)1400km cross track (IRS: SW & T)

Spatial resolution 250m (land and coastal areas), 500m, 1km

Polarization 3 polarization angles for POL

Along track tilt Nadir for VN, SW and TIR, & +/-45 deg for P

Success of GCOM-C Launch

33

Hot Topic

Launched:

10:26 (JST)

December 23, 2017

4

R:1.6um,G: 0.86um,B: 0.67um

Light blue color shows snow cover areas

New York

Washington DC

GCOM-C/SGLI acquired images:

East Coast of the United States (1 January 2018)

Chlorophyll-a concentration on 1 Jan 2018 (not validated)

GCOM-C/SGLI acquired images:

the Hawaiian Islands (250-m Chlorophyll-a concentration)

5

MOBY20.82N157.19W

5

Japanese L-band SAR Satellites – 25-year Legacy

6

ALOS(2006-2011)

ALOS-2(2014- )

JERS-1(1992-1998)

Improvement of Data Acquisition Abilities

ApplicationDisaster, Land, Agriculture,Natural Resources, Sea Ice & Maritime Safety

L-band SAR(PALSAR-2)

Stripmap: 3 to 10m res., 50 to 70 km swathScanSAR: 100m res., 350km/490km swathSpotlight: 1×3m res., 25km swath

Orbit

Sun-synchronous orbitAltitude: 628kmLocal sun time : 12:00 +/- 15minRevisit: 14daysOrbit control: ≦+/-500m

Life time 5 years (target: 7 years)

Launch May 24, 2014; H-IIA launch vehicle

DownlinkX-band: 800Mbps(16QAM)400/200Mbps(QPSK)Ka-band: 278Mbps (Data Relay)

ExperimentalInstrument

Compact InfraRed Camera (CIRC)Space-based Automatic Identification SystemExperiment 2 (SPAISE2)

Improvements from ALOS to ALOS-2

8

ALOS needed 3 days (at the longest) for observation. ALOS-2 enables to observe every 12 hours.

→Wide observation: Understand entire picture of disaster in a short period for supporting initial operations by disaster related agencies and local governments.

→Repetitive observation with short intervals: Monitor recovery status.

8

Distance between Orbits：2200km

Pink width: Swath 50km (Ultra Fine and High-sensitivity)Green width: Swath 70km (Fine mode)Red width: 350km (ScanSAR nominal mode)Yellow width: 490km (ScanSAR wide mode)

Nth OrbitNadir TrackN+1th Orbit

Nadir Track Incidence Angle：8 – 70 deg.

70°

8°350 km

or 490 km

25 km x 25km

70°

50 or 70km

Observable area

Approx. 1160kmScanSAR

Spotlight

Strip map

8°

Newly added

observation mode

for ALOS-2

Flight Direction

Non-observable area

Approx. 80km

Nadir Track

Right & Left Looking

Wide Incidence Angle: 8～70°

ALOS-2 Observation Modes

9

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Launch

Initial checkout phase

Initial cal/val phase

Product release

Mission operation

(5 years) Post-mission operation

Advanced SAR satellite

Advanced optical satellite

First image

Emergency observation

Basic observation scenario (BOS)

Current status of ALOS-2

May 24

Jun. 19

“Daichi-2” (ALOS-2)

11

Mission Objectives:

Earthquake

Ice

Disaster monitoring

Environment and land management

Volcano

Forest and wetland

Agriculture &

natural resources

OceanFlooding

12

Monitoring Eruption of Mt. Kilauea and Earthquake in Hawaii by ALOS-2 (1/2)

Latest News

✓ Mt. Kilauea in Hawaii Island has erupted since May 3.

✓ ALOS-2 performed emergency observations on May 8, 12, 17 and

22, 2018 (UTC).

✓ ALOS-2 detected the displacement occurred by eruption and

earthquake:

✓ 0.7 m displacement toward the flight direction and 2 m toward

the reverse direction of ALOS-2 for 10 km in length.

Multiple Aperture Interferometry image of the ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 data

Analyzed by Geospatial Information Authority of Japan

13

Color-composite images acquired on Feb. 22, May 8 and May

22, 2018 shows growth of the eruptive fissures and lava flow

May 22, 2018

May 8, 2018

HH amplitude images acquired on May 12, and 17, 2018

shows growth of the crater after the large eruption.

For more information, visit:

JAXA/EORC

http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/en/index.htm

Geospatial Information Authority of Japan

http://www.gsi.go.jp/cais/topic180301-

index_00001.html

NASA/JPL

http://www.gsi.go.jp/cais/topic180301-

index_00001.html

Latest News Monitoring Eruption of Mt. Kilauea and Earthquake in Hawaii by ALOS-2 (2/2)

14

Latest News Monitoring Eruption of Shinmoedake (Mt. Kirishima) in Kyushu, Japan, by ALOS-2 and COSMO-SkyMed

✓ Shinmoedake (Mt. Kirishima) in Kyushu, Japan erupted on March 1.

✓ ALOS-2 and COSMO-SkyMed performed emergency observations 8

times each in March.

✓ Observation data acquired by ALOS-2 and COSMO-SkyMed

detected growth of the lava dome and the lava movement:

✓ Utilized for Government of Japan to monitor up-to-date status of

Shinmoedake

ALOS-2

Jan. 22, 2018 Mar. 5, 2018 Mar. 6, 2018

Mar. 9, 2018 Mar. 10, 2018 Mar. 10, 2018

Mar. 11, 2018 Mar. 14, 2018 Mar. 15, 2018

COSMO-SkyMed

Mar. 7, 2018 Mar. 8, 2018 Mar. 9, 2018

Mar. 10, 2018 Mar. 11, 2018 Mar.12, 2018

Mar. 15, 2018 Mar. 19, 2018

Kyushu, Japan

Shinmoedake

15

10/9/2014-5/7/2015⊿H: 6cm (max)

Images provided by GSI

5/7/2015-5/21/2015⊿H: 15cm (max), 20cm (total)

5/21/2015-6/4/2015⊿H: 10cm (max), 30cm (total)

Monitoring Diastrophism in Hakone, Japan

6/4/2015-6/18/2015⊿H: 3cm (max), 33cm (total)

6/18/2015-7/2/2015⊿H: 7cm (max), 40cm (total)

In-SAR data

was used to

decide no-entry

areas by

Hakone Town

Volcano observation in Japan by ALOS-2

Sep. 13, 2015 23:37 JSTSep. 10, 2015 11:42 JST

Inundated area estimation

Monitoring Flood Damages: Data Provision within 5-hour Supported Decision Making by MLIT

Sep. 11, 2015 22:56 JST

Inundated area estimation Inundated area estimation

Request from users andplanning

1.5 hours

> 5 hours (Less than 5 hours)

Command @ KSAT

Observation and downlink @Japan

1.5 hours

Product ready

1.5 hours

Quickest ALOS-2 Emergency Observation Timeline

© MLIT, Japan

September 10, 2015, Japan

✓ Used for monitoring daily inundated area by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and

Tourism-Japan (MLIT)

✓ Supported MLIT to develop a plan and conducted pumping car operation in night time and

under the bad weather

Disaster Risk

Management

16

Flood observation by ALOS-2

17

Light blue areas are considered to be flooded after analysis using the data from ALOS-2. The data was sent to the nation’s authorities through Sentinel-Asia to better understand the situation. phatthalung

This map shows areas under water due to heavy rainfall on this January, which have caused

widespread flooding across 11 provinces in Southern Thailand. It killed 21 people, hit rubber production in the region and shut down infrastructure.

18

• Inundated Area Detection Using RADAR Data

19

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

Subsidence analyzed from Radar satellite data (mm)

14.0k 13.8k 13.6k 13.4k 13.2k

0

5

10

15

20

25

14.0k 13.8k 13.6k 13.4k 13.2k

Subs

idence

Velo

city

(mm

/ye

ar)

Distance mark

Su

bsid

en

ce (m

m)

Passed years

River in Hyogo Pref. and Distance Marks ⓒGoogle

Analysis result from radar satellite data

Measurement

Subsidence trend

mm/year

0

100

200

Collaboration Project with MLIT

Regular monitoring to detect changes of infrastructure (subsidence) by SAR

300

Infrastructure Monitoring (Time Series Interferometric Analysis)New Applications

Monitoring Spilled Oil from Tanker

20

Ocean

Monitoring

Oil flowed out during the tanker

movement

Oil draining from the sunk tanker

Sinking point

Azimuth direction

Scan directionOff nadir angle: 35.8°

Okinawa

Amami

1/13 12:26

黒潮

SAR Image

Kuroshio current

Okinawa Main Island

1/18 12:33

Sinking point .

Amami Oshima Island

Oil spill occurred near Okinawa island by collision of Iranian tanker and Hong Kong cargo ship in January 2018.

ALOS-2 detected the oil slick from the Tanker.

Sea Ice Monitoring

Japan Coast Guard (JGC) uses SAR data to know sea ice condition under clouds.✓Sea ice condition chart (created by JGC)

Small-

scale sea

ice

Big-scale

sea ice

Okhotsk

tower

Lake entrance

& Ice boom

Monbetsu

Port

Saroma

LakeALOS-2/PALSAR2 Feb 16, 2015

Sea ice condition chart

Ocean

Monitoring

• Areas of sea and sea ice: Distinguished by contrast of

satellite images.

• Sea ice distribution: Analyzed focusing on an edge of

ice and sea ice concentration.

22

Current status of Sentinel Asia

Sentinel Asia Steering Committee SecretariatJapan Aerospace Exploration Agency

23

Sentinel Asia

Sentinel Asia is a voluntary initiative by a collaboration between

space agencies and disaster management agencies, applying

remote sensing and Web-GIS technologies to assist disaster

management in the Asia-Pacific region.

In Oct 2005, APRSAF-12, in Kitakyushu, Japan, the plan to initiate the pilot project was approved.http://www.aprsaf.org/data/aprsaf12_data/day3/5_sswg%20sumrepo.pdf

In Feb 2006, Joint Project Team (JPT) was organized and Sentinel Asia hasstarted.Sentinel Asia is the first initiative under APRSAF.

http://sentinel.tksc.jaxa.jp/

Member Status

APRSAF

Space Community

Satellite Image

Disaster Reduction

Community

ADRCMember Countries(30 member countries)

UNESCAP, UNOOSAASEAN, AIT and

International Disaster Charter

etc.

International Community

Joint Project Team (JPT)

SENTINEL ASIA

Promotion of Utilization

Capacity Building

International Cooperation

Disaster Information

Utilization (User)

8９organizations from 2７countries & regions and 15international organizations

In total: 104organizations

(As of April 17, 2017)

24

JPT meeting at Hanoi,

Vietnam in March 2017

International Charter

THEOS

KOMPSAT-1

ISRO

KARI

GISTDA

NARLabs

FORMOSAT-2（Terminated in 2016)

Sentinel Asia

Constellation

XSAT

CRISP

RESOURCESAT-2, OCEANSAT-2/OCM IMS-1, CARTOSAT-1&2, RISAT-1

ALOS-2

KIBO HDTV-EF

JAXA

THEOS

escalation from

Sentinel Asia

VAST

VNREDSat-1A

Data Provider Node (DPN)Sentinel Asia Constellation

contributing to Emergency Observations

The number of Data Provision from

Space Agency

EOR Review, Responded Disaster by Geographical Distribution

Japan

China

Australia

Solomon Island

Indonesia

Thailand

Myanmar Lao PDR

Viet Nam

Philippines

Nepal

Bangladesh

Pakistan

Kazakhstan

Feb. 2007 - Oct. 2016

3

29

6

4

16

24

17

8

38

5

20

7

28 countries/region221 Disasters

8

Sri Lanka 8

Bhutan4

Tajikistan 7

Brunei3

India 12

New Zealand

1

Taiwan10

Cambodia3

Kyrgyzstan2

Fiji

2Papua New Guinea

1

Tonga

Malaysia

1

26

2

1

Vanuatu

Flood in MyanmarTorrential rain starting from 16 July 2015 has caused increase in water levels in the rivers and dams that triggered flooding in some in Myanmar.

RDD (Relief and Resettlement Department ) recognized the affected area and damage introduced by the products estimated from satellite images, and announced the response to the related organizations.

July 22: Request from

RRD

Setinel A

sia

DP

N/

DA

N

+

Estimation

•The damage Area

•The number of victims

•The number of suffered

houses

Census data

such as

Population,

houses.

Dis

aste

r M

an

ag

em

en

t

Ce

nte

r

July 23: Observation

by ALOS-2

July 23： provided

analyzed products from

UT via Sentinel Asia

28

Announce the

response to the

ministers, DMH and

etc..

Responses

Continuous Observations by ALOS Series

29

JFY2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

ALOS-2 (L-SAR)

ALOS-3 Follow-on

(Under Consideration)

ALOS-4 Follow-on

(Under Consideration)

Mission Operation (7 years)

Mission Operation (7 years)

Post-mission OperationLaunch

✓Assurance of safety and security of citizens, i.e. disasters monitoring and management, land deformation monitoring, national developing management, foods and natural resources, environmental issues in global etc.

✓Enhancement of commercial use of Earth observation data, i.e. National Spatial Data infrastructure (NSDI) and new applications.

Mission Operation(5 years)

ALOS-3 (Optical)

ALOS-4 (L-SAR)

Development

Development

30

ALOS-4 Overview

Launch JFY 2020 by H-3 launch vehicle

Orbit

Sun-synchronous sub-recurrent orbit

Altitude: 628 km

Inclination angle: 97.9 degree

Local sun time at descending: 12:00 ±

15 min.

Revisit time: 14 day (15-3/14 rev/day)

(Same orbit as ALOS-2)

Lifetime 7 years

Satellite

MassApprox. 3 tons

Downlink 3.6 Gbps/1.8 Gbps (Ka-band)

Mission

Instruments

- PALSAR-3 (Phased Array type L-

band Synthetic Aperture Radar-3)

- SPAISE3 (SPace based AIS

Experiment 3)

Prime

contractorMitsubishi Electric Corporation

PALSAR-3

antenna

Z

Y

X

Ka-band

DT antenna

SPAISE3

antenna

Solar array

paddle

Characteristics of ALOS-4/PALSAR-3

31

✓ Expands swath width without decreasing the resolution and image quality of

PALSAR-2 by using the Digital Beam Forming (DBF).

✓ Inherits the major function and performance (NESZ, S/A, Orbit etc.) of

PALSAR-2 for continuity of ALOS-2 applications.

ALOS-4 ALOS-2

Stripmap(res. 3/6/10 m)

100-200 km 30-70 km

ScanSAR(res. 25m*)

700 km 350-490 km

Spotlight(res. 1 x 3 m)

35km×35km 25km×25km

Swath width

100-200 km*single look

Input: 6 ch. in range

Output: max. 4 beams

Future Application Realized by ALOS-4

32

✓ More frequent observation

✓ Detection of early indication of crustal changes and ground deformation (volcanos, land subsidence and

land slide)

✓ Infrastructure Displacement Monitoring for avoiding missed abnormal changes and more effective civil

engineering infrastructure management)

✓ Mutual interference with ALOS-2

✓ Understanding long-term crustal changes and ground deformation

Reso

lutio

n Swath

3 m

10 m

16 m

50 km 200 km70 km 75 km

JERS-1 ▼(1992-1998)

ALOS ▼(2006-2011)

▼ALOS-2(2014-)

▼Advanced Radar

(2020-)

②Wider observation

Observe whole area of Japan at 3 m resolution every 14 days

200 km swath50 km swath (ALOS-2)

Coverage of active volcanoes in Kyushu island, JapanMaximum L-band SAR resolution

In-orbit configuration

Items Specifications

Orbit

Type Sun-synchronous sub-recurrent

Altitude 669 km at the equator

Local

Sun Time10:30 am +/- 15 minutes at the descending node

Revisit 35 days (Sub-cycle 3 days)

Instruments - Wide-swath and high-resolution optical imager

(WISH, as a tentative)

- Dual-frequencies Infrared sensor (hosted payload)

Ground Sampling

Distance (GSD)

- Panchromatic band of WISH (Pa): 0.8 m

- Multispectral band of WISH (Mu): 3.2 m (6 bands)

Quantization 11 bit / pixel

Swath width 70 km at nadir

Mission data rate Approx. 4 Gbps (after onboard data compression:

1/4 (Pa) and 1/3 (Mu))

Mission data

downlink

- Direct Transmission: Ka and X-band

- via. the Optical Data Relay Satellite

Mass Approx. 3 tons at launch

Size 5 m×16 m×3.5 m on orbit

Duty 10 mins / recurrent

Design life time Over 7 years

ALOS-3 Overview

33

Wide-swath and high-

resolution optical imager

(WISH)

34

Thank you for your attention.sobue.shinichi@jaxa.jp