_:

_knj uhkhD$ha ek:

my;Y}hp nt';flhj;hp !;thkp

_Qhpehk r';fPh;j;jdj;jpnyna jpiHj;J/ gf;jh;fisf; fhd kiHapy;

eidj;J/ gf;jpiag; gutr; bra;J/ gfthid mDgtpj;J cfe;J mtdJ

if';fh;a';fns thH;f;if vdf;bfhz;L epiwt[ld; thH;e;J mtdJ

jpUtofis mile;j vz;zw;w kfhd;fspy; jiyahdth; itzt cyfk;

bfhz;lhLk; my;Y}hp nt';flhj;hp !;thkp mth;fs;.

2

jpUnt';fl Kilahd; tpUg;g[ld; ciwa[k; Me;jpu khepyk; 'my;Y}U'

vd;w mHfpa rpw;W}hpy; _khe; bt';ifah - _kjp bt';fk;kh jk;gjpah;f;F

mth;fs; bra;j jtg;gadhf m&a tUlj;jpy; (1806) bghpa gpuhl;oahh;

jpUel;rj;jpukhd KG epyt[k; KfpH;f;Fk; g';Fdp cj;jpuj;jd;W mtjhpj;jth;

nt';flhj;hp !;thkp. mtuJ mtjhuj;jhy; ,g;g{t[yFk; bgUkfpH;tile;jJ.

fUtpny jpUt[ila nt';flhj;hp !;thkp/ rpW tajpnyna Cuhh;

bkr;Rk;go rpwe;j Mr;rhu rPyuhft[k;/ mD#;lhdk;/ "hdk;/ gf;jp/ ituhf;ak;

kpf;ftuhft[k;/ rpwe;j ntjtpj;jhft[k;/ _Qhpehk r';fPh;j;jdj;jpy; vy;iyaw;w

<LghL bfhz;ltuhft[k; jpfH;e;J gf;jg;ufyhjidg; nghy; ve;neuKk; _ke;

ehuhazdpd; epidt[lndna ,Ue;jhh;. mt;t{hpy; jpUf;nfhapy; bfhz;Ls;s

_yl;Rkp eurpk;kg; bgUkhSf;Fg; g{khiyfSk;/ ghkhiyfSk; cfg;g[ld;

rkh;g;gpj;J tHpgl;L cyfg; gw;ww;W thH;e;J te;jhh;.

jpUkz tajpy; bgw;nwhh; mtUf;Fj; jpUkzk; bra;J itf;f Kay

mth; mjid Vw;f kWj;J ,iwj;bjhz;oidna jkJ thH;tpd; ,yl;rpakhff;

bfhz;L thH;e;jhh;. kpf beU';fpa cwtpdh; xUthpd; mHfpa bgz;iz

mtUf;Fj; jpUkzk; bra;tpf;f vz;zp mtis mtUf;Ff; fhl;l/

mg;bgz;izf; fz;lJk; nyhfkhjhthd rPjhgpuhl;ona nehpy; jhprdk; je;jJ

nghy; vz;zpg; gf;jpg; gutrj;jpy; mtsJ jpUtofspy; tpGe;J tz';fp/

"vd;idg; bgw;w jhna* rPjk;kh*" vd;W Jjpf;fyhdhh;. bgw;nwhh;fs; mjw;F nky;

mtiu eph;g;ge;jpf;f ,aytpy;iy.

_gj;uhry uhkjhrhpd; rPluhd mtuJ FyFU eurpk;kjhrh; mtiuj;

jkJ rPluhf Vw;Wf; bfhz;L ke;jpu cgnjrk; bra;J mtuJ fhy;fspy; jkJ

ry';iffis fl;oj; jk;g[uh/ jhsk; ,tw;iwf; bfhLj;J/ "FUtpd; Mrpfs;

bjhlUk; ck;ik*" vd;W MrPh;tjpf;f/ gj;uhryk; _uhkr;re;jpu \h;j;jpia

'!uq !uq !uq _uhk uhk uhkr;re;j;uh' nghd;w fPh;j;jidfs; gho/ Mo

nfho uhkehkk; vGjpr; rkh;g;gpj;J fUkhzpf;f kiyahk; uhftidr; nrtpj;J

cUfpj;Joj;J mtdJ if';fh;a';fisr; bra;J kfpH;e;J xU khkzp nghy;

xsph;e;jhh; nt';flhj;hp !;thkp.

3

mtuJ gf;jpahy; kfpH;e;j _uhkgpuhd; _rPjh gpuhl;o/ yl;Rkzd;/ gujd;/

rj;Uf;fdd;/ mDkd; rnkjdha; mtUf;Fr; nrit rhjpf;fg; gutrkile;j

nt';flhj;jphp !;thkp/ jpUkfd; mtidf; fz;ljdhny tpHpfspy; ePh;mUk;g

mtidg; gUfp/ 'kjd $df epd;D tjyDuh uhkh', 'jh!unj _uhk uhk' vd

cUfpg; gygy fPh;j;jidfisj; jd;epiy kwe;J gho/ Mo Mde;jf; fz;zPh;

bgUf;fp mtdJ cs;sj;ij btd;W mtDlnd jhKk; xd;wpg; nghdhh;.

gpd;dh; gj;uhryj;jpypUe;J jpUkiy brd;W jhuz Mz;L rpj;jpiuapny

jpUkiyag;gd; kPJ ',e;jpuh ukz', 'nr#hry thrh', 'g';nfUQ ruzh' nghd;w

4

gy fPh;j;jidfs; gho g[#;g if';fh;a';fs; bra;J mtdJ jpt;a jhprdk; bgw;W

kfpH;e;jhh;.

mjd;gpd; jpUkiyapypUe;J jpUf;fr;rp efh; te;J tujuh$g; bgUkhisr;

nrtpj;J kfpH;e;J mtdplk; ,yapj;Jg; nghdhh;. fh";rpg; bgUe;njtpj; jhahiu

5

'g$nu _njtPk; nQkhd! g$nu bgUe;njtPk;', 'epD ek;kpa[d;d !Pjk;kh'

nghd;w fPh;j;jidfisa[k;/ nguUshsdhk; fh";rp tujid/ '$a $yjh !;ahk

$a g[z;a $a gPkh', 'njt njt b!snu Kuhnu' nghd;w fPh;j;jidfisa[k;

cs;sj;jpy; ctif kpft[k; bgh';fpg; bgUfg; gho cfg;gpj;J cUfpj;

bjhGjpl;lhh;.

fh";rp khefhpnyna epj;athrk; bra;a vz;zp jpdKk; c";rtpUj;jp

nkw;bfhz;L mjpy; tUk; jhd;ag; gz;l';fisg; gzkhf khw;wp mjd;\yk;

tujd; re;epjpf; if';fh;a';fisr; bra;J te;jhh;.

fh";rp tujd; re;epjpapy; nrid Kjypahh; re;epjpf;F mUfike;j gpuk;k

jPh;j;jf; fpzw;wUnf cs;s xU miwapy; j';fpapUe;J jpdKk; tujDf;F

khiy fl;of; bfhLj;jy;/ jpUj;JHha; nrfhpj;Jf; bfhLj;jy;/ re;jdk; miuj;Jj;

jUjy;/ ,utpy; Rz;lf;fha;r;rpa ghy;mKJ rkh;g;gpj;jy; nghd;w gy;ntW

if';fh;a';fis kpf kpf cfg;nghL bra;J mtdJ jpUtofns fjpbad

thH;e;J te;jhh;.

J}g;g[y; tpsf;bfhspg; bgUkhSf;F jpt;a kz;lg';fisa[k;/ nfhg[ug;

gpufhu';fisa[k; fl;o kfpH;e;jhh;. jpUf;fr;rp efhpy; cs;s Vida jpt;a

njr';fspYk; jpUg;gzpfs; gy bra;J cfe;jhh;. ntj ghlrhiyfs;

Jt';fpdhh;. jhk; Jt';fpa if';fh;a';fs; epiyahf eilbgwj; jhk;

ahrfkhfg; bgw;w gzj;jpy; +.5000j;jpw;F J}!pkhkz;?hpy; epyk; th';fp

itj;jhh;.

jpUkiyapy; mde;jhH;thidg; ghk;g[ jPz;oaJ nghy; fh";rpapy;

my;Y}hp nt';flhj;hp !;thkpiaa[k; ee;jtdf; if';fh;aj;jpd; nghJ ghk;g[ xd;W

jPz;oaJ. mth; mikjpahfg; bgUe;njtpj; jhahh; re;epjpf;Fr; brd;W/ 'fhghluh

ed;D fhptujuh$h' nghd;w fPh;j;jidfis kdKUfpg; gho ka';fp tpGe;jhh;.

rw;W neuk; fHpe;J J}f;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpHpj;J vGgth; nghy; tpHpj;J vGe;J

njtg; bgUkhs; re;epjpf;Fr; brd;W mtidr; nrtpj;J jPh;j;jg; gpurhj';fs;

bgw;Wf; bfhz;lhh;. ghk;gpd; tp#k; mtiu xd;Wk; bra;atpy;iy vd;gij

mwpe;j Cuhh; tpag;gpy; MH;e;jhh;fs;.

6

tyf;ifapy; jk;g[uh/ ,lf;ifapy; jhsk; vdf;bfhz;L fz;fspny

Mde;j bts;sk; bgUf;bfLf;f fPh;j;jidfs; ghof;bfhz;nl

c";rtpUj;jpbaLj;J tujdpd; if';fh;a';fis Fiwtpd;wp bra;J te;jhh;

my;Y}hp !;thkp.

xUehs; fdtpy; te;j tujd; jdf;F xU 'ituKo' rkh;g;gpf;f epakpf;f/

mjw;fhd jputpak; nrfhpf;fr; brd;id khefUf;Fr; brd;w my;Y}hp !;thkp/

jpUty;ypf;nfzpapy; ghh;j;jrhujp vk;bgUkhid/ 'ghh;j;jrhujp ghjg$d

nrant kd!h' vd;w fPh;j;jidiag; gutrj;njhL ghoj; bjhGjhh;.

tujdpd; ituKof;if';fh;aj;jpw;fhf MtYld; mth;

brd;wtplbky;yhk; kiynghy; bghUs; Ftpe;jJ. brd;idapnyna ituKo

bra;ag;gl;L jpUf;Filfs;/ rhkuk;/ thj;a nfh#;ofnshL gf;jh;FHhk;

g[ilNHf; fh";rpf;F vLj;Jr; bry;yg;gl;L/ fhsa[f;jp Mz;L itfhrpg;

bgsh;zkp md;W eilbgw;w fUlnritap;d; nghJ njtg; bgUkhSf;Fr;

rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.

md;W my;Y}hp !;thkp 'epfk nfhru brshP', 'g&p thfd ed;D ghypk;g[

ka;ah' nghd;w gy mw;g[jkhd fPh;j;jidfisg; gho g$id bra;J mfkfpH;e;J

tujid cfg;gpj;jhh;. ,e;j ituf;fphPlk; my;Y}hp !;thkpapd; bgauhy;

'nt';flhj;hp bfhz;il' vd tH';fg;gLfpwJ.

md;W ,ut[ fdtpy; te;j cgaehr;rpkhh;fs; j';fSf;Fk; ituf;fphPlk;

rkh;g;gpf;f epakpf;fnt my;Y}hp !;thkpfs; clnd mjw;fhd bgUk;bghUs;

jpul;o mtw;iwr; bra;J rkh;g;gpj;J kfpH;e;jhh;.

gpd;dh; nguUshsg; bgUkhs; fdtpy; epakpj;jgo fh";rp _mHfpa

kzths $Pahplk; g";rrk;!;fhuk; bgw;Wf; bfhz;lhh;.

7

,t;thW njtg;bgUkhspd; if';fh;a';fs; bra;J bfhz;oUf;ifapy; xU

ehs; ek;bgUkhs; mtuJ fdtpy; njhd;wp jdJ 'ghz;oad; bfhz;il' gpst[

gl;oUg;gjhy; g[jpa ghz;oad;bfhz;il bra;J rkh;g;gpf;f epakpf;f/ my;Y}hp

!;thkpa[k; mfkfpH;e;J gyhplk; bghd;/ bghUs; ahrpj;Jg; bgw;W jk; cs;sj;jpy;

njhd;wpa mst[f;F khjphpf;bfhz;il bra;J bfhz;L jpUtu';fk; brd;whh;.

jpUtu';fj;jpy; bghpa bgUkhisa[k;/ ek;bgUkhisa[k; jpUto Kjy;

jpUKo tiu fz;zhuf; fz;L kfpH;e;J fz;zPh; bgUf;fpg; gf;jpg; gutrj;jpy;

MH;e;J/ 'epdn;d nfhhpa[d;d uhuh' Kjyhd fPh;j;jidfisg; ghoj; bjhGjhh;.

gpd;dh; nfhapy; !;jyj;jhhplk; khjphpf; bfhz;iliaf; bfhLf;f/ mjid

ek;bgUkhSf;Fr; rkh;g;gpj;j nghJ mst[ kpfr; rhpahf ,Ue;jik fz;L

mth;fs; jpifg;g[k;/ tpag;g[k;/ cfg;g[k; kpFe;J my;Y}hp !;thkpapd; kfpikia

czh;e;J nghw;wpdh;.

my;Y}hp !;thkpfs; kPz;Lk; brd;id brd;W ghz;oad; bfhz;il

bra;a[k; Kaw;rpahfg; bghUs; njl Muk;gpj;jhh;. jpdKk; +.10MtJ

mg;gzpf;fhff; fpilj;jhy;jhd; md;W czt[ cl;bfhs;tJ vd;w jPtpu

tpujj;ij nkw;bfhz;lhh;. ,jid mwpe;j !;thkpapd; Mg;jrPlh;fs;

c";rtpUj;jpapy; ,j;bjhif fpilf;fhj ehl;fspy; +.10 bfhLj;J

,j;jpUg;gzpf;F cjtpdh;.

8

ituk; nrh;f;Fk; gzp eilbgw;W te;jnghJ ghz;oad; bfhz;ilapd;

Kfg;gpy; gjpf;f xU m';Fy rJu kufjf;fy; fpilf;fg; bgwhikahy; !;thkp

tUj;jj;Jld; ,Ue;jhh;. fdtpy; njhd;wpa mu';fd; fy;fj;jhtpy; xU ,uj;jpd

tpahghhp jdf;Fr; rkh;g;gpf;f xU kufjf; fy;iyj; jdJ ,Uk;g[g; bgl;oapy;

tlnkw;F \iyapy; kiwj;J itj;jpUg;gjha[k;/ mJ me;j tpahghhpapd; kfd;

khjt nrl;Lf;Ff;Tlj; bjhpahJ vd;Wk;/ mtUf;F fojk; vGjpdhy; mk;kufjk;

te;J nrUk; vd;Wk; mUspdhd;. ,jid my;Y}hp !;thkp jkJ me;ju';f rPlh;

rt[f;fhUf;Fj; bjhptpf;f mth; clnd khjt nrl;Lf;F fojk; vGj/ khjt nrl;

tpae;J me;j kufjj;ijj; njo vLj;J mj;njhL +.1000Kk; nrh;j;J mDg;gpdhh;.

me;j kufjf;fy;iyg; gjpf;Fk; gzp eilbgw;W te;jnghJ mg;gzpiar;

bra;j bghw;bfhy;yUf;F mjd; nky; Mir Vw;gl/ mth; tpiya[ah;e;j me;j

kufjf;fy;iyj; jpUo tpl;L mjw;Fg; gjpyhf mjidg; nghd;nw njhw;wk;

bfhz;l ntW xU rhjhuzg; gr;irf; fy;iyg; gjpj;J tpl;lhh;.

ek;bgUkhs; my;Y}hp !;thkpapd; fdtpy; ,ij btspg;gLj;j/ clnd

my;Y}hp !;thkpa[k; jkJ rPlh;fSld; bghw;bfhy;yh; tPl;ow;Fr; brd;whh;. m';F

my;Y}hp !;thkpaplk; bghw;bfhy;yh; rhjhuz gr;irf; fy; gjpj;j ghz;oad;

bfhz;iliaj; ju my;Y}hp !;thkp/ "ehd; bfhLj;j kufjf; fy;iyf; bfhz;L

th" vd;W nfl;f/ mjdhy; mjph;e;J nghd bghw;bfhy;yh; jd;id kd;dpf;FkhW

ntz;o midthpd; Kd;dpiyapYk; jhd; jpUo itj;jpUe;j me;j xg;gw;w

kufjf; fy;iy bfhz;L te;J gjpj;Jf; bfhLj;jhh;.

ghz;oad; bfhz;ilia kpf mHfhd ntiyg;ghLfSld; bra;J

Koj;J/ jkJ rPlh;fSld; jpUtu';fj;jpw;F vLj;Jr; brd;W/ jpUtu';fk;

nfhapiy tyk; te;J Uj;nuhj;fhhp Mz;L khh;fHpj; jp';fs; itFz;l Vfhjrpg;

bgUtpHh md;W ek;bgUkhSf;F mzptpj;J kfpH;e;j my;Y}hp !;thkp

bjhlh;e;J mLj;j uf;jh&p Mz;L jpUf;fhh;j;jpifad;W cgaehr;rpkhUf;Fk;

uh$Kofs; bra;J mzptpj;J kfpH;e;jhh;.

9

gpuk;kr;rhhpahfnt jkJ thH;ehisf; fHpj;j my;Y}hp !;thkp jkJ 59tJ

taJ epiwtpy; uf;jh&p Mz;L ijj;jp';fspy; _u';fehuhaz $Pah;

!;thkpfsplk; jphpjz;l fh&hahjpfSk; 'jpUnt';fl uhkhD$ $Pah;' vd;Dk;

jpUehkKk; bgw;W re;ahrpahdhh;.

kPz;Lk; fdtpy; te;j ek;bgUkhs; jdf;F 'kfufz;oif' rkh;g;gpf;f

epakpf;f/ kPz;Lk; brd;id brd;W mjw;fhd bghUisj; jpul;o kfu fz;oif

bra;J mLj;j gpugt Mz;L Mtzpj; jp';fs; mjid ek;bgUkhSf;Fr;

rkh;g;gpj;J kfpH;e;jhh;.

mjd;gpd;dh; bey;Y}h; brd;W m';F _u';fehjd; re;epjpj;

jpUg;gzpfSk;/ bghd;kakhd tpkhdKk;/ Ie;J rpfu';fSk; bra;tpj;J

kfpH;e;jhh;. jpUtplbte;ijapy; jhahh;/ Mz;lhs; re;epjpj; jpUg;gzpfSk;/

jpUf;fly;ky;iyj; jyradh; re;epjpj; jpUg;gzpfSk; bra;J kfpH;e;jhh;.

gpd;dh; jpUtu';fk; jpUk;gpa my;Y}hp !;thkp jkJ KJik fhuzkhf

jpUtu';fj;ijna ,Ug;ghff; bfhz;L ek;bgUkhSf;Fj; jpdKk; re;jdk;

miuj;jpLjy;/ jpt;a ghpks';fs; nrfhpj;Jj; jUjy;/ jpUg;gzpahu';fs;

fz;lUsg;gz;qjy;/ ghyKJ/ RUsKJ rkh;g;gpj;jy; nghd;w if';fh;a';fs;

epiyahf eilbgw kPz;Lk; jpdKk; +.5 fpilj;jhbyhHpa md;dk; Vw;gjpy;iy

vd;w epakdk; nkw;bfhz;lhh;. my;Y}hp !;thkpapd; ,e;jf; if';fh;aj;jpy;

Ftsf;Fo rp';fika';fhhpd; g';F kpft[k; gpujhdkhdjhFk;. my;Y}hp !;thkp/

jpUtu';f kJuftp !;thkp/ Ftsf;Fo !;thkp Mfpnahh; rkfhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J

mu';fd; if';fh;ak; nkw;bfhz;l bgUkf;fshth;. c";rtpUj;jpapy; jhk;

nrh;j;j bjhifapid my;Y}hp !;thkp Ftsf;Fo rp';fika';fhhplk; bfhLj;J

itj;jpUe;J mj;bjhifapy; +.5/050If; bfhz;L jpUg;guha;j;Jiwapy; 25 Vf;fh;

epy';fs; th';fp nkny Fwpg;gpl;l if';fh;a';fs; epiyahf eilbgw

tHpbra;jhh;.

_u';fehr;rpahUf;F jpdKk; mutizg; gpurhjk; rkh;g;gpf;Fk;

jpl;lj;ija[k; Vw;gLj;jpdhh;. fdtpy; te;j bghpagpuhl;oahh;/ "ek;bgUkhSf;F

kl;Lk;jhd; bfhz;ilah> vdf;fpy;iyah>" vd;W nfl;f my;Y}hp !;thkpa[k;

10

mstw;w kfpH;tpndhL bghpa gpuhl;of;F/ 'rhaf;bfhz;il' vd;w uh$Ko

fphPlKk; kw;w jpUthguz';fSk; bra;J rkh;g;gpj;jhh;. uh$Koj; jpUg;gzpf;F

nfhth;j;jdk; u';fuhrhh;a !;thkp ng+jtp g[hpe;jhh;.

gpd;dh; jpt;anjr ahj;jpiuahfg; g[wg;gl;L ghz;oa ehl;Lj;

jpUj;jy';fisr; nrtpj;Jf; bfhz;L jpUkhypU";nrhiyj; jpUg;gzpfspy;

kpft[k; <Lgl;L 'nrhkre;j tpkhd' if';fh;aj;ijr; bra;J cfe;jhh;.

jpUtu';fk; Rf;uthuj; njhg;gpny my;Y}hp nt';flhj;hp !;thkp

vGe;jUspapUe;jnghJ nfhapyz;zd; _u';fhr;rhhpahh; !;thkp my;Y}hp

!;thkpapd; njful;rzj;jpw;fhf bghpa nfhapypypUe;J ntz;oa gpurhjj;ij

Vw;gLj;jp mUspdhh;.

jkJ js;shikapYk; Cf;fk; jsuhky; jpUtu';fdpd; if';fh;a';fspy;

jk;ik KGikahf <LgLj;jpf; bfhz;l my;Y}hp !;thkp jk;ik mu';fdpd;

jpUtofspy; nrh;j;Jf; bfhs;sg; gpuhh;j;jpj;jhh;. fdtpy; ek;bgUkhs; njhd;wp

mtiuj; jdJ jpUtoapy; nrh;j;Jf; bfhs;Sk; ehs; kw;Wk; neuj;ijf;

Fwpg;gpl;lUspdhd;.

,jidj; jkJ moahh;f;Fk;/ !;jyj;jhh;f;Fk; bjhptpj;J kfpH;e;j

my;Y}hp !;thkp mu';fdpd; epakdg;gona jhJ tUlk; (1877) khrpj; jp';fs;

fpU#;zgl;r rg;jkpad;W jp';fl;fpHik es;sputpy; fghyk; btoj;J xU n$hjp

btspg;gl jpUm#;lh&;u ke;jpuj;ij mDre;jpj;Jf; bfhz;nl Rf;fputhuj;

njhg;gpy; cs;s mtuJ jpUklj;jpy; jpUehly';fhpj;jhh;.

my;Y}hp !;thkp bjY';F _it#;zt $Pah; vd;W cjhrPdg;gLj;jp

jpUtu';fj;ijr; nrh;e;j gy !;thkpfs; mtuJ rukif';fh;aj;jpw;F

vGe;jUshky; ,Ue;jik fz;L mtuJ rukif';fh;a';fis nfhapy;

khpahijfSld; tpn#lkhf/ tphpthf elj;jr; bra;aj; jpUt[s;sk; bfhz;L

nfhapyz;zd; _u';fhr;rhhp !;thkp jkJ rPlh;FHhKld; vGe;jUspdhh;.

mt;thnw nfhapyz;zd;/ gl;lh;/ !;jyj;jhh; midtUk; ajpfl;Fr; bra;a

ntz;oa Kiwg;go mtuJ rukif';fh;a';fisr; bra;jdh;. nfhapy;

11

khpahijfSld; my;Y}hp !;thkpapd; rukjpUnkdpiag; gpuk;kujj;jpy;

vGe;jUsg;gz;zp tPjp tyk; te;J tljpUf;fhtphp bjd;jpUg;ghypy;

_Mste;jhh; jpUg;gs;spg;gLj;jg;gl;l _Mste;jhh; goj;Jiwapy; gs;spg;gLj;jp

rpwg;ghf jpUmj;aadk; bra;tpj;jUsp m';F xU jpUtuRk; Vw;gLj;jpdh;.

my;Y}hp !;thkpapd; jPh;j;j jpdj;jd;W kpft[k; rpuj;ijnahL ,d;Wk;

Mapuf;fzf;fhd moahh;fs; g$idfs; bra;J kfpH;e;J mtuJ

if';fh;a';fis epidt[ Th;e;J nghw;Wfpd;wdh;.

Mz;LnjhWk; ,e;ehspy; my;Y}hp !;thkpahy; bra;ag;gl;l

jpUMguz';fs; ek;bgUkhSf;Fk;/ ehr;rpkhUf;Fk; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

jpUkhiy/ jpUg;ghpal;lk;/ tpn#l jspiffs; Mfpad nfhapy; tpUJfSld;

fPiHr; rpj;jpiu tPjpapy; cs;s ek;khH;thh; ,uhkhD$f; Tlj;jpw;F te;J

my;Y}hp !;thkpapd; Mapuf;fzf;fhd rPlh; FHhKlDk;/ g$idfSlDk;/

jpUtPjp tyk; te;J/ ahid/ nksk;/ jpUf;Fil Kjyhd nfhapy;

ghpthu';fSld; jpUtuRf;Ff; bfhz;L bry;yg;gLfpd;wd.

12

mj;jpUturpy; mike;Js;s my;Y}hp !;thkpapd; jpUnkdpf;F nfhapy;

miuah; !;thkpfshy; jpUk";rdk; bra;tpf;fg;gLfpwJ. my;Y}hp !;thkpfspd;

\yk; ,iwtd; jd;idj;jhnd ,d;ftpfs; ghof;bfhz;lhndh vd

Ia[Wk;tz;zk; mth; ghoa[s;s fUj;jhHKk;/ ,d;brhw;fSk; bfhz;l be";ir

cUf;Fk; mtuJ gy fPh;j;jidfs; mtuJ gf;jh;fshy; nfh#;o fhdkhf

bka;rpyph;f;Fk; tz;zk; nrtpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

13

midtUf;Fk; miuah; !;thkpfshy; gpurhjk; tH';fg;gLfpwJ. gpd;dh;

jpUtu';fk; jpUf;nfhapypy; my;Y}hp !;thkpapd; rPlh;fs; midtUf;Fk; rhj;J

goa[ld; nrit bra;J itf;fg;gLfpwJ.

thH;f my;Y}hp !;thkpapd; g[fH;*

monad;

u';fehj uhkhD$ jhrd;

(Mh;.tP. !;thkp)

ed;wp: _gPjhk;gu nt';fltuj uhkhD$jhrh; gjpg;gpj;j _khe; my;Y}hp

nt';flhj;hp !;thkpfspd; jpt;arhpjk;.