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TRANSCRIPT
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UMTS TOUT IPUMTS TOUT IP
GROUPE 1GROUPE 1
FAISALFAISAL
SHERAZSHERAZ
WASIQWASIQ
THIAMTHIAM
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PresentationsPresentations
Architecture du UTRAN avec IPArchitecture du UTRAN avec IP
Moussa Equipement TerminalMoussa Equipement Terminal
Sheraz RNCSheraz RNCServices (IP)Services (IP)
WASIQ OSA / VHE (VoIP) QOSWASIQ OSA / VHE (VoIP) QOS
Faisal Multicast Faisal Multicast
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UMTS TOUT IPUMTS TOUT IP
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MODELE EN COUCHESMODELE EN COUCHES
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• Couches de protocole dans UMTSCouches de protocole dans UMTS
PDCPPDCP GTP-GTP-UU
RLCRLC UDP/UDP/IPIP
MACMAC AAL5AAL5
WCDWCDMAMA
ATMATM
GTP-GTP-UU
GTP-GTP-UU
UDP/UDP/IPIP
UDP/UDP/IPIP
AALAAL55
L2L2
ATMATM L1L1Node-B RNC
ApplicatioApplicationn
E.g., E.g., IP,PPPIP,PPP
PDCPPDCP
RLCRLC
MACMAC
WCDMAWCDMA
E.g., E.g., IP,PPPIP,PPP
GTP-UGTP-U
UDP/UDP/IPIP
L2L2
L1L1Uu Iu Gn
PDCPPDCP GTP-GTP-UU
RLCRLC UDP/UDP/IPIP
MACMAC AAL5AAL5
WCDWCDMAMA
ATMATM
GTP-GTP-UU
GTP-GTP-UU
UDP/UDP/IPIP
UDP/UDP/IPIP
AALAAL55
L2L2
ATMATM L1L1
ApplicatioApplicationn
E.g., E.g., IP,PPPIP,PPP
PDCPPDCP
RLCRLC
MACMAC
WCDMAWCDMA
E.g., E.g., IP,PPPIP,PPP
GTP-UGTP-U
UDP/UDP/IPIP
L2L2
L1L1Uu Iu Gn
UE
RNSUTRAN
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UMTS TOUT IPUMTS TOUT IP
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CONCEPT WCDMA CONCEPT WCDMA MULTIPLEXAGEMULTIPLEXAGE
• FDD EN FREQUENCEFDD EN FREQUENCE
• BANDES APPAIREESBANDES APPAIREES
• 2 PORTEUSES (liaisons montante et 2 PORTEUSES (liaisons montante et descendante)pour utilisation descendante)pour utilisation courantecourante
• TDD EN TEMPSTDD EN TEMPS
• 1 PORTEUSE(utilisation haut debit)1 PORTEUSE(utilisation haut debit)
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LES CANAUX DE L’INTERFACE LES CANAUX DE L’INTERFACE RADIORADIO
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UMTS TOUT IPUMTS TOUT IP
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UMTS TOUT IPUMTS TOUT IP
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NŒUD B(station de base dans NŒUD B(station de base dans UMTS)UMTS)
• GESTION DE LA COUCHE PHYSIQUE GESTION DE LA COUCHE PHYSIQUE DE L’INTERFACE AIRDE L’INTERFACE AIR
• CODAGE DU CANALCODAGE DU CANAL
• ENTRELACEMENT ENTRELACEMENT
• ADAPTATION DU DEBITADAPTATION DU DEBIT
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UMTS TOUT IPUMTS TOUT IP
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UUTRANTRAN((UMTSUMTS Terrestrial Radio Acces Terrestrial Radio Acces Network)Network)Two major elements;Two major elements;
a)a) RNC RNC (Radio Network Controller)(Radio Network Controller)
b)b) Node B Node B
RNC (Radio Network Controller), RNC (Radio Network Controller),
which own and controls the radio resources in its domain i.e. which own and controls the radio resources in its domain i.e. the Node Bs connected. RNC is the service access point the Node Bs connected. RNC is the service access point
for all services UTRAN provides to CN.for all services UTRAN provides to CN.
MSC,SGSN and HLR can be extended to UMTS requirements.MSC,SGSN and HLR can be extended to UMTS requirements.
RNC and Node B are completely new designs.RNC and Node B are completely new designs.
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UTRAN
PSTN/ISDN
GMSC
MSC
RNC
HLR
UTRAN: Terrestrial Radio Access Network RNC: Radio Network ControllerBTS
UTRAN transport: ATMNew tricks: Soft Handover
IP
GGSN
Packet core NW
SGSN
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GoalGoal
Maximization in handling of Maximization in handling of packet switchedpacket switched and and circuit switched data.circuit switched data.
IP based protocols such IP based protocols such RTP RTP (data transport)(data transport) and and SIPSIP
(Signaling control)(Signaling control) protocols protocols
ATM is currently main transport mechanism in the ATM is currently main transport mechanism in the UTRAN.UTRAN.
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Primary functions RNCPrimary functions RNC
Uplink and downlink signal transferUplink and downlink signal transfer
MobilityMobility
Add and delete cells during soft hand-offAdd and delete cells during soft hand-off
Macro-diversity during handoverMacro-diversity during handover
Uplink Outer Loop Power Control functionalityUplink Outer Loop Power Control functionality
Downlink Power ControlDownlink Power Control
Controls common physical channels, which are used by multiple Controls common physical channels, which are used by multiple usersusers
Interfaces with SGSN and MSC/VLRInterfaces with SGSN and MSC/VLR
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Types of RNCTypes of RNC
1.1. CRNCCRNC (Controlling RNC)(Controlling RNC) Responsible for the load and congestion control of its Responsible for the load and congestion control of its
own cellsown cells
2.2. SRNCSRNC (Serving RNC)(Serving RNC)Terminates both Iu link for the transport of user data Terminates both Iu link for the transport of user data and the corresponding RANAP signaling to/from the core and the corresponding RANAP signaling to/from the core
network.network.
1.1. DRNCDRNC (Drift RNC)(Drift RNC) Controls cells used by the mobile. When is required the Controls cells used by the mobile. When is required the
DRNC performs macro-diversity combining and splitting.DRNC performs macro-diversity combining and splitting.
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Protocol for UTRAN InterfacesProtocol for UTRAN Interfaces
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Layered ArchitectureLayered Architecture
Horizontal layers have Horizontal layers have two main layers:two main layers:
! Radio Network layer! Radio Network layer
! Transport Network ! Transport Network LayerLayer
Vertical planes have four Vertical planes have four main planes:main planes:
! Control Plane! Control Plane
! User Plane! User Plane
! Transport Network ! Transport Network Control PlaneControl Plane
! Transport Network ! Transport Network User PlaneUser Plane
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IP implementationIP implementation
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Diversified positions in UMTSDiversified positions in UMTS
Most important issues that are emphasize Most important issues that are emphasize
• SSCF layerSSCF layer
• SSCOP layerSSCOP layer
specifically designed for transport in ATM networks and which specifically designed for transport in ATM networks and which take care of solutions such as signaling connection take care of solutions such as signaling connection management.management.
Already IP based consists;Already IP based consists; M3UA (SS7 MTP3 _user adaptation Layer)M3UA (SS7 MTP3 _user adaptation Layer) SCTP (Simple Control Transmission Protocol)SCTP (Simple Control Transmission Protocol) IP (Internet Protocol),IP (Internet Protocol), AAL5(ATM Adaptation Layer 5).AAL5(ATM Adaptation Layer 5).
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IP implementations in IurIP implementations in Iur
• Application layer, RNSAP, connects to its signaling Application layer, RNSAP, connects to its signaling bearer via an SCCP-SAPbearer via an SCCP-SAP
(Service Access Point).(Service Access Point).• Signaling bearer is ATM based. Signaling bearer is ATM based. • The SCCP layer provides both connectionless and The SCCP layer provides both connectionless and
connection-oriented service.connection-oriented service.• Below SCCP, the operator is able to select from Below SCCP, the operator is able to select from
one of two switches one of two switches a) MTP3-B/SCCFNNI/SSCOP a) MTP3-B/SCCFNNI/SSCOP b) SCTP/IP.b) SCTP/IP.
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GlossaryGlossaryUMTS UMTS Universal Mobile Transmission SystemUniversal Mobile Transmission SystemRNC RNC Radio Network ControllerRadio Network ControllerCN CN Core NetworkCore NetworkSGSN SGSN Serving GPRS NodeServing GPRS NodeGPRS GPRS Global Packet Radio ServiceGlobal Packet Radio ServiceUSIM USIM UMTS Subscriber Identity ModuleUMTS Subscriber Identity ModuleUu Uu UMTS air interfaceUMTS air interfaceIub Iub Interface between Node B and RNCInterface between Node B and RNCIur Iur Interface between two RNCInterface between two RNCGSMC GSMC Gateway MSCGateway MSCPLMN PLMN Public Land Mobile NetworkPublic Land Mobile NetworkGGSN GGSN Gateway GPRS Support NodeGateway GPRS Support NodeSSCF SSCF Service Specific Coordination FunctionService Specific Coordination FunctionSSCOP SSCOP Service Specific Connection Oriented ProtocolService Specific Connection Oriented Protocol
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Toward an All-IP Based Toward an All-IP Based UMTS System ArchitectureUMTS System Architecture
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TransitionsTransitions
• Shift from R99 to R00 standardShift from R99 to R00 standard– Replacment of Circuit Switced transport technology by Packet technologyReplacment of Circuit Switced transport technology by Packet technology– Introduction of multimedia support in the UMTS Core NetworkIntroduction of multimedia support in the UMTS Core Network
• Evolution of Open Service Architecture (OSA)Evolution of Open Service Architecture (OSA)– Apart from the official bodies ( 3GPP, 3GPP2) other partnerships and foras Apart from the official bodies ( 3GPP, 3GPP2) other partnerships and foras
started polling in to the success of an all-IP based UMTS architecture.started polling in to the success of an all-IP based UMTS architecture.
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The 2 TrendsThe 2 Trends
• The trend in the design of UMTS The trend in the design of UMTS serviceservice architecture to standardize architecture to standardize Open Network InterfaceOpen Network Interface
• The trend in the design of the UMTS The trend in the design of the UMTS networknetwork architecture to move architecture to move towards an IP based approachtowards an IP based approach
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OSAOSA
• Obliged network operators to Obliged network operators to provide third party service provide third party service providers access to their UMTS providers access to their UMTS service architecture via open service architecture via open standardized interfacesstandardized interfaces
• Development of OSA interfaces Development of OSA interfaces through the Parlay/OSA API through the Parlay/OSA API – API presented by the “Joint API API presented by the “Joint API
Group” consisting of Parlay and 3GPPGroup” consisting of Parlay and 3GPP
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OSA/Parley APIOSA/Parley API
• Parlay APIs try to open telecommunication networks to Parlay APIs try to open telecommunication networks to third party service providers.third party service providers.
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• A change in business model has introduced A change in business model has introduced new players in the telecomm businessnew players in the telecomm business
User
New Player
services
connectivity
Operator
connectivity
Some want to address users directly
User
New Player
connectivity+ services
Operator
connectivity
Some prefer to do it via the Network Operator
But they have something in common:
They compete in the services market...
and they have no network!
THE TECHNICAL ENABLER = PARLAY/OSA
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Control layerService Capability Servers
OSA/Parlay API’s
exposing network service
capabilities
Distribution via
middleware
Parlay / OSA
Services/applicationlayer
Connectivity layerCore & Radio Networks
2G 2.5G & 3G
Cor
e n
etw
ork
Ser
vice
net
wor
k
Presence of Parley/OSA Presence of Parley/OSA
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Parlay/OSA API
OSA Gateway
Mapping to network specific protocols
Network Network complexity hidden from applications
App1 App2 AppNApplications (independent of underlying network technology)
3GPPETSIParlayJAIN
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Open Service ArchitectureOpen Service Architecture
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Role of SCS in service Role of SCS in service provisioningprovisioning
• UMTS Call Control ServersUMTS Call Control Servers
• HLRHLR
• MExEMExE
• SATSAT
• CAMELCAMEL
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From OSA to VHEFrom OSA to VHE
• Intervention of European Commission Intervention of European Commission – Opening of application interfaces towards the Opening of application interfaces towards the
networksnetworks– Liberalization of telecommunication services Liberalization of telecommunication services
marketmarket– Enhancing portability of telecommunication Enhancing portability of telecommunication
services between network and terminalsservices between network and terminals– Service portability = Virtual Home Environment Service portability = Virtual Home Environment
(VHE)(VHE)
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Virtual Home Environment Virtual Home Environment (VHE)(VHE)
• ConceptConcept– Provide user an environment to access Provide user an environment to access
the services of his home network/service the services of his home network/service provider even while roaming in the provider even while roaming in the domain of another network provider.domain of another network provider.
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Introduction to VoIP in Introduction to VoIP in MobileMobile
Moving towards an all IP Moving towards an all IP NetworkNetwork
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VoIP – pros and consVoIP – pros and cons
• Advantages Advantages – Lower equipment costLower equipment cost– Easier management of networkEasier management of network– Usage of Techniques like silence Usage of Techniques like silence
suppressionsuppression
• Hence lower communication Hence lower communication cost to usercost to user
– Use of end to end IP, opens path Use of end to end IP, opens path to multimedia over IP services to multimedia over IP services like video conferencinglike video conferencing
– Using same technology (IP Using same technology (IP services) in fixed and mobile services) in fixed and mobile networks facilitates networks facilitates internetworkinginternetworking
• DisadvantageDisadvantage– QoSQoS
• Delays by handoverDelays by handover
• Scarce radio resourcesScarce radio resources
• Admission controlAdmission control
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Enabling PacketsEnabling Packets
• MSC divisionMSC division– MSC for Call ControlMSC for Call Control– MG for switching (IP Router)MG for switching (IP Router)
• MG at the UTRAN sideMG at the UTRAN side• MG at the PSTN sideMG at the PSTN side
• MGCF for MGMGCF for MG• Signaling GatewaySignaling Gateway• CSCF (Call State Control Function)CSCF (Call State Control Function)• HSSHSS
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Interworking Two WorldsInterworking Two Worlds
IP/ATM Router
Optical DWDM
IN/AIN Network
Circuit Switch
ATM
SONET/SDH
Optical Layer
SIPServer
VideoServer
ApplicationServer
SignalingGateway
Signaling Gateway• SS7 over IP• Connects control and service elements• Bridges service elements of IN and SIP
Media Gateway Controller
Media Gateway Controller• Call state• Control of Media Gateways• Authorization, verification & settlement
MediaGateway
Media Gateway• Media adaptation • Addressing • Usage and QoS information
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• For transport of Data TrafficFor transport of Data Traffic– UMTS uses GPRSUMTS uses GPRS
• For transport of Voice CallsFor transport of Voice Calls– Packet Switched mobile terminalsPacket Switched mobile terminals
•Calls transmitted using GTP Calls transmitted using GTP •GTP works over IPGTP works over IP•All Mobility dealt with by GPRSAll Mobility dealt with by GPRS
– Circuit Switched mobile terminalsCircuit Switched mobile terminals•Voice samples travel between MGs using Voice samples travel between MGs using
IP using Iu Frame Protocol (FP).IP using Iu Frame Protocol (FP).•No GTPNo GTP•MG Handover MG Handover
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2 Scenarios for Providing 2 Scenarios for Providing VoIP Services VoIP Services 1.1. SoftSSP Concept : SoftSSP Concept : INAP / CAP support of INAP / CAP support of
VOIPVOIP• Previously implementation of service logic from Previously implementation of service logic from
network switchnetwork switch• NOW – IN allows controlling the service from a NOW – IN allows controlling the service from a
centralized point (SCP) outside the switchcentralized point (SCP) outside the switch– IN relies on SSPs in the switches to trigger the IN relies on SSPs in the switches to trigger the
SCP via the IN Application Part (INAP) protocol SCP via the IN Application Part (INAP) protocol when IN service control is needed. when IN service control is needed.
– Power of IN/CAMEL in complexity of SSP and Power of IN/CAMEL in complexity of SSP and INAP/CAPINAP/CAP
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SoftSSP (Continued…)SoftSSP (Continued…)
• the SSP contains a mapping the SSP contains a mapping
• determines which point in the MSC determines which point in the MSC call state model needs to trigger call state model needs to trigger which point in the state model of the which point in the state model of the IN/CAMEL service logicIN/CAMEL service logic
• The more complex the mapping, the The more complex the mapping, the more complex the servicemore complex the service
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SoftSSP (Continued…)SoftSSP (Continued…)
• IN/CAMEL on a SIP serverIN/CAMEL on a SIP server– Develop SSP on top of SIP ServerDevelop SSP on top of SIP Server– a mapping between the SIP call state model and a mapping between the SIP call state model and
the state model of the IN/CAMEL service logicthe state model of the IN/CAMEL service logic
– This kind of SSP is called as This kind of SSP is called as SoftSSPSoftSSP
• Investment on CAMEL can be reused for Investment on CAMEL can be reused for providing VoIP on a CSCF.providing VoIP on a CSCF.– Billing and database handling process can be Billing and database handling process can be
reused from the R99 SSP circuit-switched call reused from the R99 SSP circuit-switched call controlcontrol
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Direct Third Party Call Direct Third Party Call ControlControlOSA Support for VoIP(Via OSA Support for VoIP(Via CGI/CPL or SIP)CGI/CPL or SIP)• Third Party Call control mechanismsThird Party Call control mechanisms
– SIP ( already well known)SIP ( already well known)– CGLCGL– CPL CPL
• Used to instruct network entites to create and Used to instruct network entites to create and terminate calls to other network entitiesterminate calls to other network entities
• CGL and CPL allow independence from the SIP CGL and CPL allow independence from the SIP server logic.server logic.
• Concept similar to IN but there is no SCP controlConcept similar to IN but there is no SCP control
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Continued…Continued…
• CGI CGI – For trusted usersFor trusted users– triggered when the first request arrivestriggered when the first request arrives
• CPL CPL – Untrusted usersUntrusted users– Allows users to load CPL scripts on networksAllows users to load CPL scripts on networks– Reads and verifies scriptsReads and verifies scripts– Controlled party executes instructionControlled party executes instruction– Messages sent back to CPL ControllerMessages sent back to CPL Controller
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Quality of ServiceQuality of Service
End to EndEnd to End
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• The ability of the network to predictably deliver The ability of the network to predictably deliver content & services to subscribers, consistent with content & services to subscribers, consistent with their expectation, and therefore resulting in a their expectation, and therefore resulting in a overall satisfactory user experience is related to…overall satisfactory user experience is related to…– Perceived Voice or Video QualityPerceived Voice or Video Quality
• Quantified by Jitter (aka delay variation)Quantified by Jitter (aka delay variation)• Quantified by ThroughputQuantified by Throughput
– Perceived response timePerceived response time• Quantified by RTT and Uni-directional End to End delay (aka Quantified by RTT and Uni-directional End to End delay (aka
Latency)Latency)• Quantified by ThroughputQuantified by Throughput
– Perceived Availability/ReliabilityPerceived Availability/Reliability• Quantified by Network Utilization Quantified by Network Utilization • And 24/7 Service Level MonitoringAnd 24/7 Service Level Monitoring
QoS to the Content & Services QoS to the Content & Services OperatorOperator
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End to End QoS TestingEnd to End QoS Testing
• Traditional performance testing focused on per flow measurements at the lowest layer (data link layer)
– ATM ( Cell rate, Cell Delay, etc…)
– Frame Relay (Frame Rate, Frame Delay, etc…)
• Traditional testing is still necessary but no longer enough
• QoS testing must now be End to End
– Higher Layer (Network and Transport)
– IP (Packet Rate, Packet Delay)
– TCP (Segments)
• This approaches a quantitative measure that is much closer to the subscribers true experience
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Active (Intrusive) QoS Testing
• Measured Metrics Packet Loss Delay &
Jitter Throughput Sequencing
Involves generation and monitoring of test traffic to simulate real world scenarios
•Applicability Lab Evaluations Provisioning of
New Services Troubleshooting
Test Frame or CELL
HEADER Sequence NumberTimestamp CRC
Abis Gb
BSCBTS
GSM RAN
Internet
SGSN GGSN
CN PS-Domain
Gn Gi
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Passive (Non-Intrusive) QoS Testing
• Measured Metrics Packet Loss RTT & Delay Throughput
•Applicability Content Delivery Service Assurance Network Optimization Billing Mediation
Abis Gb
BSCBTS
GSM RAN
Internet
SGSN GGSN
CN PS-Domain
Gn Gi
Involves passive monitoring of customer traffic
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RadioSystems
Maintaining QoS
Are there Database Problems
?
Are the GPRS Support Nodes
Dropping Packets?
Is there a Capacity Problem?
Why is my email frozen
Why are my calls
disconnecting?
Why can’t I get
Access?
Should theAntenna be Adjusted ?
Should the cell be
split?
Are Data & Voice channels properly
allocated?
Is the ISP causing the
Delay
HLR
Public VoiceNetwork
Internet
MSC VLR
SGSN GGSN
xRAN
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QoS Example: Effects of mobility
Throughput decreases during cell changes
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UMTS QoS Architecture
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•Traffic class
•Conversational class
Real Time
•Streaming class
Real Time• Preserve time relation (variation) between information entities of the stream
•Interactive class
Best Effort
•Background class
Best Effort•Fundamental characteristics
•- Preserve time relation (variation) between information entities of the stream•- Conversational pattern (stringent and low delay )
•- Request response pattern •-Preserve payload content
•-Destination is not expecting the data within a certain time•-Preserve payload content
•Example of the application
• voice •streaming video
• web browsing
• telemetry, emails
4 Classes of QoS in UMTS
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Le Multicast dans UMTS tout Le Multicast dans UMTS tout IPIP
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PlanPlan
1. Le multicast dans les réseaux IP1. Le multicast dans les réseaux IP2. Le multicast dans les réseaux UMTS2. Le multicast dans les réseaux UMTS3. Le multicast dans le GGSN3. Le multicast dans le GGSN4. Le multicast dans le RNC4. Le multicast dans le RNC5. Le multicast dans le Node-B5. Le multicast dans le Node-B
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Multicast : Pourquoi faire ?
1. Vidéo conférence, Diffusion Vidéo.
2. Avantages du Multicast : Economie de bande passante, bande passante limité dans le UMTS Economie des ressources dans les serveurs
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Unicast dans les réseau IPUnicast dans les réseau IP
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Multicast dans les réseau IPMulticast dans les réseau IP
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Multicast dans UMTS
Quel Architecture Choisir ?
Architecture du Multicast dans le GGSN
Architecture du Multicast dans le RNC
Architecture du Multicast dans le Node B
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• Chaque terminal client multicast doit avoir un lien Chaque terminal client multicast doit avoir un lien établit avec le GPRSétablit avec le GPRS
• Chaque terminal client multicast doit créer un lien Chaque terminal client multicast doit créer un lien (PDP) avec le GGSN pour le protocole IGMP(PDP) avec le GGSN pour le protocole IGMP
• Le terminal UMTS est maintenant dans Le terminal UMTS est maintenant dans l’environnement IGMP et peut joindre ou quitter le l’environnement IGMP et peut joindre ou quitter le groupe multicast en utilisant la signalisation groupe multicast en utilisant la signalisation IGMP.IGMP.
Règle pour recevoir ou envoyer une trame multicast :
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Architecture du Multicast dans le GGSN
SGSN
RNC
HLR/AuC/EIR/CGF
Node-B
Internet Internet
RNC
Node-BTerminal
Terminal
Terminal
Terminal
GGSN
MulticastUnicastUnicast
Unicast
UnicastUnicast
1 Circuit PDP/Terminal pour le UMTS
1 Circuit PDP/Terminal pour le protocole ICMP
Source
Multicast
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Les inconvénients de cette Les inconvénients de cette architecturearchitecture
1.1. Lorsqu’un membre décide de quitter le multicast groupe, la Lorsqu’un membre décide de quitter le multicast groupe, la source multicast UMTS ne reçoit pas cette information.source multicast UMTS ne reçoit pas cette information.
2. Lorsque tous les membres ont quitté le multicast groupe, la 2. Lorsque tous les membres ont quitté le multicast groupe, la source multicast continue à transmettre les données à GGSN.source multicast continue à transmettre les données à GGSN.
3.3. L’architecture multicast a aussi besoin de ressource pour ses L’architecture multicast a aussi besoin de ressource pour ses propres protocoles ( PIM-SM) et le GGSN doit pouvoir gérer le propres protocoles ( PIM-SM) et le GGSN doit pouvoir gérer le protocole IGMP.protocole IGMP.
4.4. Surcharge important sur le GGSN qui peut entraîner de la Surcharge important sur le GGSN qui peut entraîner de la congestion congestion
5.5. Le GGSN doit créer un circuit PDP pour la signalisation du Le GGSN doit créer un circuit PDP pour la signalisation du protocole IGMP et un circuit PDP pour le transport des protocole IGMP et un circuit PDP pour le transport des données. données.
Le multicast des données vue dans cette architecture Le multicast des données vue dans cette architecture demande deux fois plus de ressources PDP que l’unicast demande deux fois plus de ressources PDP que l’unicast
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Architecture avec Multicast dans le RNCArchitecture au Multicast dans le RNC
SGSN
RNC
HLR/AuC/EIR/CGF
Internet Internet
RNC
GGSN
MulticastMulticast
Node-B
Node-BTerminal
Terminal
Terminal
Terminal Multicast
Multicast
Unicast
Unicast
Unicast
Unicast
Source
Multicast1 Circuit PDP/Terminal pour le UMTS
1 Circuit PDP/Terminal pour le protocole ICMP
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Avantages et InconvénientsAvantages et Inconvénients Avantages :Avantages :1.1. La charges du GGSN est réduite par rapport à la solution précédente.La charges du GGSN est réduite par rapport à la solution précédente.
2.2. Cette architecture permet au terminal de spécifier ses exigence de QoS au Cette architecture permet au terminal de spécifier ses exigence de QoS au RNCRNC
3.3. Permet de contrôler les admissions et les congestions pour chaque flux de Permet de contrôler les admissions et les congestions pour chaque flux de données.données.
Inconvénients :Inconvénients :1.1. L’information de résiliation d’un client multicast ne remonte toujours pas à la L’information de résiliation d’un client multicast ne remonte toujours pas à la
source qui continue d’émettre les données multicast. Deplus, lorsqu’un source qui continue d’émettre les données multicast. Deplus, lorsqu’un terminal s’engage pour être un client multicast, cette information n’est pas terminal s’engage pour être un client multicast, cette information n’est pas remonté au GGSN, il y aura donc des problèmes de facturation des services remonté au GGSN, il y aura donc des problèmes de facturation des services multicast. Il faut développer un protocole de signalisation entre le RNC et multicast. Il faut développer un protocole de signalisation entre le RNC et SGSN pour résoudre ce problème.SGSN pour résoudre ce problème.
2.2. Lorsque la source multicast provient d’un autre domaine que celui du SGSN Lorsque la source multicast provient d’un autre domaine que celui du SGSN ou GGSN, le packet sera rejeté par le multicast routeur du RNC. Pour ou GGSN, le packet sera rejeté par le multicast routeur du RNC. Pour résoudre ce problème, il faudrait que le GGSN puisse agir comme la source résoudre ce problème, il faudrait que le GGSN puisse agir comme la source du multicast ce qui signifie que le roaming ne peut fonctionner pour le du multicast ce qui signifie que le roaming ne peut fonctionner pour le multicast.multicast.
3.3. Il n’existe pas de mécanisme permettant de créer un canal de donné entre le Il n’existe pas de mécanisme permettant de créer un canal de donné entre le RNC et le terminal UMTS, il en est de même dans le cœur du réseau UMTS.RNC et le terminal UMTS, il en est de même dans le cœur du réseau UMTS.
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Architecture avec Multicast dans le Node-BArchitecture au Multicast dans le RNC
SGSN
RNC
HLR/AuC/EIR/CGF
Internet Internet
RNC
GGSN
Multicast
Multicast
Node-B
Node-BTerminal
Terminal
Terminal
Terminal Multicast
Multicast
Unicast
Unicast
Multicast
Multicast
Source
Multicast1 Circuit PDP/Terminal pour le UMTS
1 Circuit PDP/Terminal pour le protocole ICMP
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Avantages et InconvénientsAvantages et Inconvénients
Avantages :Avantages :• La mobilité sera bien visible de l’arbre multicast dont la racine se trouve dans le La mobilité sera bien visible de l’arbre multicast dont la racine se trouve dans le
Node-BNode-B
Sachant que le handover dans UMTS se fera au niveau soft, et que lors du Sachant que le handover dans UMTS se fera au niveau soft, et que lors du handover les handover les
deux node-B seront en liaison avec le terminal alors le handover multicast se fera deux node-B seront en liaison avec le terminal alors le handover multicast se fera avant avant
le handover réel.le handover réel.
Inconvénients :Inconvénients :• Il n’existe pas de mécanisme de broadcast de donnée entre le Node-B et le Il n’existe pas de mécanisme de broadcast de donnée entre le Node-B et le
terminal UMTS.terminal UMTS.
• Il n’existe pas de mécanisme d’implémentation de l’arbre de distribution dans le Il n’existe pas de mécanisme d’implémentation de l’arbre de distribution dans le Core de UMTS.Core de UMTS.
• L’information de résiliation d’un client multicast ne remonte toujours pas à la L’information de résiliation d’un client multicast ne remonte toujours pas à la source qui continue d’émettre les données multicast. Deplus, lorsqu’un terminal source qui continue d’émettre les données multicast. Deplus, lorsqu’un terminal s’engage pour etre un client multicast, cette information n’est pas remonté au s’engage pour etre un client multicast, cette information n’est pas remonté au GGSN, il y aura donc des problèmes de facturation des services multicast. Il faut GGSN, il y aura donc des problèmes de facturation des services multicast. Il faut développer un protocole de signalisation entre le Node-B et SGSN pour résoudre développer un protocole de signalisation entre le Node-B et SGSN pour résoudre ce problème.ce problème.
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Point à améliorer :Point à améliorer :
• Pour chacun de ces architectures, il faut qu’un protocole Pour chacun de ces architectures, il faut qu’un protocole spécifique puisse gérer la distribution des clefs et de spécifique puisse gérer la distribution des clefs et de l’encryptage des données par la source multicast afin que seul l’encryptage des données par la source multicast afin que seul les membres du service multicast puisse recevoir ce service et les membres du service multicast puisse recevoir ce service et pas les autres.pas les autres.
• On peut décentraliser la fonction de facturation du GGSN au On peut décentraliser la fonction de facturation du GGSN au SGSN, mais pour cela il faut concevoir un canal de signalisation SGSN, mais pour cela il faut concevoir un canal de signalisation entre SGSN et la fonction routeur multicast où qu’elle se trouve entre SGSN et la fonction routeur multicast où qu’elle se trouve dans le réseau.dans le réseau.
• Il faut que UMTS soit capable de reconnaître diffèrent type de Il faut que UMTS soit capable de reconnaître diffèrent type de service multicast pour qu’une facturation par service puisse être service multicast pour qu’une facturation par service puisse être établie.établie.
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ConclusionsConclusions• La première solution d’architecture Multicast Routing dans GGSN :La première solution d’architecture Multicast Routing dans GGSN :
- Requiert peu de modification du réseau existant- Requiert peu de modification du réseau existant
- le Multicast demande plus de ressources que l’ Unicast- le Multicast demande plus de ressources que l’ Unicast
• La seconde solution d’architecture Multicast Routing dans RNC :La seconde solution d’architecture Multicast Routing dans RNC :
- Demande une modification modéré du réseau existant.- Demande une modification modéré du réseau existant.
- Réduit la création des circuits PDP dans le GGSN- Réduit la création des circuits PDP dans le GGSN
- Réduit donc la charge dans le Cœur du réseau - Réduit donc la charge dans le Cœur du réseau
• La troisième solution d’architecture Multicast Routing dans Node-B La troisième solution d’architecture Multicast Routing dans Node-B ::
- Demande une modification substantiel du réseau existant- Demande une modification substantiel du réseau existant
- On ne pourra pas réutiliser les mécanismes de l’UMTS existant- On ne pourra pas réutiliser les mécanismes de l’UMTS existant
- La mobilité est visible pour l’arbre de diffusion multicast.- La mobilité est visible pour l’arbre de diffusion multicast.
- Cette architecture est la bonne solution si on utilise une solution - Cette architecture est la bonne solution si on utilise une solution * *
avec des protocoles propriétaire dans le UTRANavec des protocoles propriétaire dans le UTRAN