ALL organisms are composed of cells which carry on the many functions needed to sustain life.

• Cells are the fundamental unit of life• Plants and animals are made of cells

Functions of life

• Division-performed by cells to produce more cells

• Taking in nutrients• Releasing waste• Using energy to do work• Producing materials the organism needs

One-celled organisms must contain parts to carry out all life functions.amoeba

One-celled organism parts:Bacteria

One-celled: paramecium

Multicellular organisms have specialized cells that perform different functions.

• These cells join together to form tissues that give organs their structure and enable organs to perform specialized functions within organ systems.

• Structures of specialized cells (like nerve & muscle) relate to the function that cell performs.

• Tissues that make up organs relate to the function the organ performs (heart valves control blood, air sacs in lungs maximize surface area for gas tranfer

• Components and functions or digestive, circulatory, and respiratory systems in humans interact.

Plant & Animal cells carry on life functions, so they have parts in common:

• Nuclei• Cytoplasm• Cell membranes• Mitochondria

PLANTS ONLY: • Chloroplasts• Cell wall

Plant cells

Plant cell parts

Animal cells

Animal cell parts

Levels of Organization

Organism

Specialized Cells

Nerve Cells

Blood Cells

Chemical Compounds in CellsElementssmallest

unit=atom

Compounds: smallest

unit=molecule

Inorganic Compounds

Organic Compounds contain carbon

Carbohydrates: energy

Starches: bread,

potatoes

Sugars: fruit, sweets

Proteins Made ofAmino acids

Include enzymes

Lipids=fats

Nucleic Acids

DNA

RNA

Movement Across the Cell membrane

substances move across the cell membrane

active transport

requires energy

passive transport

diffusion:high to low

concentrationosmosis-water